Sezaryen Sonrası Kaygı ve Depresyon: Non-Farmakolojik Kanıt Temelli Uygulamalar

Öz

Bu derlemenin amacı, sezaryen sonrası kaygı ve depresyona yönelik yapılan non-farmakolojik kanıt temelli uygulamaların incelenmesidir. Doğum sonrası dönemde yaşanan kaygı ve depresyon, son on yılda artış göstermiş ve doğum sonrası depresyon oranları dünya çapında yaklaşık %13 olarak bildirilmiştir. Doğum sonrası dönemde kadınlarda; tanımadıkları bir ortamda bulunmaları, yeni teknolojik malzeme, ekipman ve ekip üyeleri ile karşılaşmaları, operasyon sonrası ağrı yaşamaları, üstlenmiş oldukları yeni rolleri gibi nedenlerden dolayı kaygı ve depresyon gelişebilmektedir. Doğum sonrası dönemde kaygı ve depresyonu artıran faktörlerden biri de doğum şeklidir. Ülkemizde de %52 gibi yüksek oranda sezaryen ile doğum gerçekleşmektedir. Sezaryen sonrası komplikasyonlar, bebeği emzirmede gecikme ihtimali, ağrı yaşama gibi durumlara bağlı olarak kaygı ve depresyon gelişebilmektedir. Kaygı ve depresyonun erken dönemde tespit edilmesi ve önlemlerin erken dönemde alınması annenin sezaryen sonrası yaşam kalitesini ve konforunu artırmada, kaygı ve endişesini azaltmada önemlidir. Sezaryen sonrası kaygı ve depresyonun azaltılmasına yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda, non-farmakolojik kanıt temelli uygulamalardan; reiki, akupresür, el ve ayak masajı, yoga, refleksoloji, aromaterapi, ten tene temas, hemşirelik bakım protokolü gibi uygulamaların etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Sezaryen öncesi-sırası ve sonrası bakım uygulamalarında kritik rol ve sorumlulukları olan hemşirelerin bu kanıt temelli non-farmakolojik uygulamaları rutin bakım uygulamaları içerisine almaları önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sezaryen
• Kaygı
• Depresyon
• Kanıt Temelli Hemşirelik
• Tamamlayıcı Terapiler
• Hemşirelik

Anxiety and Depression After Cesarean: Non-pharmacological Evidence Based Practices

Öz

The purpose of this review is to examine the non-pharmacological evidence-based practices of anxiety and depression after a cesarean section delivery. Postpartum anxiety and depression have increased in the last decade, the rates of postpartum depression are around 13% worldwide. In the postpartum period, women may experience anxiety and depression due to the operation they have undergone; such as being in an unfamiliar environment, facing new technological equipment and encounters with the medical teams, the post-operative pain, the new roles women undertake as mothers. One of the factors that increase anxiety and depression in the postpartum period is the type of delivery. In Turkey, the rate of cesarean delivery is comparatively high, which is approximately 52%. Anxiety and depression after cesarean section develop due to fear and concern such as the complications that may occur during and after the mother's anesthesia, the possibility delaying breastfeeding her baby, and experiencing pain. Non-pharmacological evidence-based applications such as reiki, acupressure, hand and foot massage, yoga, reflexology, aromatherapy, skin to skin care, nursing care protocols were found to be effective in studies conducted to reduce anxiety and depression after cesarean-section. Nurses who have critical roles and responsibilities in pre- and post-cesarean care practices are recommended to include these evidence-based non-pharmacological practices in routine care practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cesarean Section
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Evidence-Based Practice Nursing
• Complementary Therapy
• Nursing

Kaynakça

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