Klinik Uygulamada Rehberler: Doğum Sonu Döneme Ait Örnekler

Öz

Klinik uygulama rehberleri, mevcut en iyi kanıtların sistematik olarak düzenlenmiş ve bilimsel olarak geliştirilmiş özetleridir. Böylece kanıta dayalı uygulamaların klinik ortama aktarılması ile hasta güvenliğinin ve sunulan sağlık bakım hizmet kalitesinin yükseltilmesi mümkün olmaktadır. Bir toplumun sağlık bakım kalitesini gösteren en önemli unsurlardan biri, o toplumun anne ve bebek sağlığına ilişkin göstergelerinin en üst düzeyde olması ile ölçülmektedir. Buna karşın günümüzde halen yadsınamayacak oranlarda görülen önlenebilir anne ve bebek ölümlerinin büyük çoğunluğu doğum sonu dönemde meydana gelmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu dönemde sunulan bakım hizmetinin en iyi kanıt üzerine temellendirilmesine olan gereksinim açıktır. Derleme niteliğindeki bu makalede, klinik rehberin önemi, rehber geliştirme süreci hakkında güncel literatür bilgilerin verilmesi ve kadın sağlığı alanında otorite olarak kabul edilen ulusal-uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından doğum sonu döneme ilişkin yayımlamış klinik rehberlerin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sunulacak bilgilerle hemşirelik bakım uygulamalarında rehber geliştirme ve klinik alanda kullanımına ilişkin duyarlılığın artırılması ve anne-bebek sağlığına katkı verilmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rehber
• Klinik Uygulama Rehberi
• Doğum Sonu Dönem
• Hemşirelik

Guidelines in Clinical Practice: Examples of the Postpartum Period

Öz

Clinical practice guidelines are systematically organized and scientifically developed summaries of the best evidence present. Thus, by transferring evidence-based practices to the clinical environment, it is possible to increase the patient safety and health care service quality. One of the most important factors that show the health care quality of a society is measured with the highest level of the maternal and infant health indicators of that society. However, the majority of preventable maternal and infant deaths, which are still undeniable, occur in the postpartum period. Therefore, the need to substantiate nursing care provided in the postpartum period on the best evidence is obvious. In this review article, it is aimed to give current literature information about the importance of clinical guidelines, the guideline development process and to examine the clinical practice guidelines published by the national and international organizations accepted as an authority in the field of women's health. With the information to be presented, it is aimed to increase the awareness regarding the development of guidelines and use in the clinical field in nursing care practices and to contribute to the health of mother and newborn.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Guideline
• Clinical Practice Guideline
• Postpartum Period
• Nursing

Kaynakça

1. 1. Fervers B, Carretier J, Batailard A. Clinical practice guidelines. J Visc Surg 2010; 147(6): 341-349.
2. 2. Kahveci R, Tokaç M. Kanıta dayalı sağlık politikası ve sağlık teknolojilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2010; 30(6): 2020-2024.
3. 3. Yakışan RŞ, Set T. Klinik uygulama rehberleri. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2013; 7(2): 26-28.
4. 4. Kahveci R, Özyiğit F. Kanıta dayalı tıp beceri edindirme yöntemleri. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2010; 9(3): 245-254.
5. 5. Weijden T, Boivin A, Burgers J, Schünemann HJ, Elwyn G. Clinical practice guidelines and patient aids. An inevitable relationship. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2012; 65(6): 584-589.
6. 6. Graham R, Mancher M, Wolman DM, Greenfield S, Steinberg E, editors. Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; 2011: 4.
7. 7. World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development. 2nd edition; 2014: 1-167. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/145714
8. 8. National İnstitute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. 2014. [Cited: 22.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/media/default/about/what-we-do/our-programmes/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual.pdf

9. 9. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. A guideline developer’s handbook. 2015. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.sign.ac.uk/assets/sign50_2015.pdf
10. 10. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. AHRQ publishing and communications guidelines. 2020. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.ahrq.gov/research/publications/pubcomguide/index.html
11. 11. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. 2020. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.clinicalguidelines.gov.au/register
12. 12. American Collage of Obstetrician and Gynecologists. [Homepage on the Internet]. No date. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from:https://www.acog.org/clinical
13. 13. Royal Collage of Obstetricians and Gynecolojists. [Homepage on the Internet]. No date. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/
14. 14. American Academy of Family Physicians. [Homepage on the Internet]. No date. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/home.html
15. 15. The Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. No date. [Homepage on the Internet]. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://awhonn.org/
16. 16. National Perinatal Information Center. [Homepage on the Internet]. No date. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: http://www.npic.org/
17. 17. Kurtcu AN. Kızılkaya Beji N. Klinik uygulama rehberleri. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi 2015; 23(1): 76-82.
18. 18. Attia A. Adaptation of international evidence based clinical practice guidelines: The ADAPTE process. Middle East Fertil Soc J 2013; 18(2): 123-126.
19. 19. Taşkın L, Akan N. Doğum sonu dönem. İçinde Taşkın L, Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. 8. Baskı. Ankara: Özyurt Matbaacılık; 2016: 534-571.
20. 20. Doğan Merih Y, Coşkuner Potur D, Yılmaz Esencan T. Doğum Sonu Kliniklerinde Çalışan Ebe ve Hemşireler Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamaların Neresinde?. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi 2017; 4(1): 8-14.
21. 21. Hollon SD, Arean PA, Craske MG, Crawford KA, Kivlahan DR. Development of clinical practice guidelines. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2014; 10: 213-241.
22. 22. Royal Collage of Obstetrician and Gynecologists. Postpartum haemorrhage, prevention and management. 2016. [Cited: 13.06.2020]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14178
23. 23. American Collage of Obstetrician and Gynecologists. Breastfeeding in correctional settings. 2018. [Cited: 20.06.2020]. Available from: https://www.ncchc.org/breastfeeding-in-correctional-settings
24. 24. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. No date. [Homepage on the Internet]. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/
25. 25. Ayhan Başer D, Kahveci R, Aksoy H. Klinik uygulama rehberi geliştirme yöntemlerine bakış. Yeni Tıp Dergisi 2015; 32: 186-190.
26. 26. ADAPTE collaboration. Guideline Adaptation: A resource toolkit. 2009. [Cited: 21.07.2020]. Available from: https://g-i-n.net/document-store/working-groups-documents/adaptation/resources/adapte-resource-toolkit-guideline-adaptation-2-0.pdf
27. 27. Tetreault L, Nater A, Garwood P, Badhiwala JH, Wilson JR, Fehlings MG. Development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines: An update and synthesis of the literature with a focus in application to spinal conditions. Global Spine J 2019; 9(1): 53-64.
28. 28. Garcia, D. Challenges in creating and promoting clinical practice guidelines. 2014. [Cited: 20.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.ascopost.com/issues/may-15-2014/challenges-in-creating-and-promoting-clinical-practice-guidelines/
29. 29. Hategeka C, Mwai L, Tuyisenge L. Implementing the emergency triage, assessment and treatment plus admission care (ETAT+) clinical practice guidelines to improve quality of hospital care in Rwandan district hospitals: healthcare workers’ perspectives on relevance and challenges. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17(1): 256-267.
30. 30. Demir Y, Ak B, Bilgin NÇ, Efe H, Albayrak E, Çelikpençe Z ve ark. Hemşirelik uygulamalarında araştırma sonuçlarının kullanımındaki engeller ve kolaylaştırıcı faktörler. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 2012; 2(2): 94-101.
31. 31. Coşkun A, Aslan E. Doğum sonu dönem. İçinde Tankuter K, Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği El Kitabı. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2016: 239-293.
32. 32. World Health Organization. Maternal mortality. 2019. [Cited: 21.07.2020]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/
33. 33. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlık istatistikleri 2019 haber bülteni. [Cited: 10.01.2021]. Available from: https://dosyamerkez.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39024,haber-bulteni-2019pdf.pdf?0
34. 34. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. Ana rapor toplantısı 2018. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı ve TÜBİTAK, Ankara. [Cited: 21.07.2020]. Available from: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/sonuclar_sunum.pdf
35. 35. United Nations General Assembly. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. 2016. [Cited: 23.07.2020]. Available from: http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/11125/unep_swio_sm1_inf7_sdg.pdf?sequence=1
36. 36. World Health Organization. Strategies towards ending preventable maternal mortality. 2015. [Cited: 23.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/maternal_perinatal/epmm/en/
37. 37. World Health Organization. Recommendations on maternal health guidelines approved by the who guıdelines review committee updated. 2017. [Cited: 23.07.2020]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/259268/1/WHOMCA-17.10-eng.pdf
38. 38. Aygar H, Metintaş S. Bir Kalkınma Göstergesi Olarak Anne Ölümleri. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2018; 3(3): 63-70.
39. 39. Bilgin NÇ, Potur DC. Doğum sonu dönem kanıt temelli yaklaşımlar ve hemşirelik. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi 2010; 3(3): 80-87.
40. 40. American Collage of Obstetrician and Gynecologists. Optimizing postpartum care. 2018. [Cited: 13.06.2020]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2018/05/optimizing-postpartum-care
41. 41. American Collage of Obstetrician and Gynecologists. Optimizing support for breastfeeding as part of obstetric practice. 2018. [Cited: 20.06.2020]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2018/10/optimizing-support-for-breastfeeding-as-part-of-obstetric-practice
42. 42. American Collage of Obstetrician and Gynecologists. Postpartum pain management. 2018. [Cited: 20.06.2020]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2018/07/postpartum-pain-management
43. 43. American Collage of Obstetrician and Gynecologists. Breastfeeding in underserved women increasing initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. 2013. [Cited: 20.06.2020]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2013/08/breastfeeding-in-underserved-women-increasing-initiation-and-continuation-of-breastfeeding
44. 44. Royal Collage of Obstetricians and Gynecolojists. Best practice in postpartum family planning. 2015. [Cited: 26.06.2020]. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/best-practice-papers/best-practice-paper-1---postpartum-family-planning.pdf
45. 45. Royal Collage of Obstetricians and Gynecolojists. The role of emergency and elective interventional radiology in postpartum haemorrhage. 2007. [Cited: 26.06.2020]. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/good-practice-6/
46. 46. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Donor milk banks service. 2010. [Cited: 26.06.2020]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg93
47. 47. American Academy and Family Phsicians. Releases position paper on breastfeeding. 2015. [Cited: 15.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0101/p56.html
48. 48. American Academy and Family Phsicians. CDC Updates recommendations for contraceptive use in the postpartum period. 2015. [Cited: 15.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/1215/p1422.html#:~:text=In%20general%2C%20combined%20hormonal%20contraceptives,restriction%20after%2042%20days%20postpartum.
49. 49. American Academy and Family Phsicians. ACOG releases guideline for managment of postpartum bleeding. 2007. [Cited: 15.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0401/p1101.html
50. 50. American Academy and Family Phsicians. CDC reports on racial and socioeconomic disparities in breastfeeding. 2006. [Cited: 15.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/1001/p1230.html
51. 51. American Academy and Family Phsicians. AAP releases updated breastfeeding recommendations. 2005. [Cited: 15.07.2020]. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0501/p1819.html
52. 52. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Doğum sonu bakım yönetim rehberi. 2018. [Cited: 15.07.2020]. Available from: https://dosyamerkez.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/28086,dogumsonubakimyonetimrehberipdf.pdf?0