Planlanmamış Evde Doğumun Maternal ve Neonatal Sonuçlar Üzerine Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Giriş: Planlanmamış ev doğumlarının maternal ve neonatal sonuçlar üzerinde etkisinin olduğu bilinmektedir.

Amaç: Bu derleme, planlanmamış ev doğumlarının maternal ve fetal sonuçlar üzerine etkisini güncel çalışmalarla gözden geçirmek ve planlanmamış ev doğumlarının olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Sistematik derleme niteliğinde olan çalışma, 28 Ağustos- 27 Eylül 2020 tarihlerinde, Türkçe ve İngilizce dizinler taranarak yapılmıştır. Türk Medline, Sciencedirect, Google Akademik, Pubmed, Cochrane ve Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanları kullanılarak ‘evde doğum, hastane dışı, hastane dışı doğum, evde doğum-hastane dışı doğum ve neonatal sonuçlar, evde doğum-hastane dışı doğum ve maternal sonuçlar’ anahtar kelimeleri ile aranmıştır.

Bulgular: Bu sistematik derlemede planlanmamış evde doğumların maternal ve neonatal sonuçları olumsuz etkilediği saptanmıştır. Kadınların; yaş, gebelik sayısı, gebelik haftası, medeni durum ve sosyoekonomik özelliklerinin doğumların hastane dışında gerçekleşme olasılığı üzerinde etkili olduğu, planlanmamış evde doğum yapan kadınlarda daha fazla olumsuz maternal sonuç bildirildiği görülmüştür. Planlanmamış evde doğumlar sonucunda dünyaya gelen yeni doğanların doğum ağırlıklarının düşük olduğu, prematüre olma risklerinin yüksek olduğu, hastanede yatış sürelerinin daha uzun olduğu, klinik komplikasyon görülme oranları ile neonatal morbidite ve mortalite oranlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Planlanmamış evde doğum yapan kadınların yetersiz antenatal bakım aldığı saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Bu derlemenin sonucunda, kadınların maternal özelliklerinin hastane dışında doğum yapma olasılıklarını etkilediği, planlanmamış evde doğumların olumsuz maternal ve neonatal sonuçların yaşanma riskini artırdığı ve yetersiz antenatal bakım alma ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• evde doğum
• hastane dışı
• hastane dışı doğum
• maternal ve neonatal sonuçlar

The Effect of Unplanned Home Birth on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: Systematic Review

Öz

Background: It is known that unplanned home births have an impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Objective: This review was made to review the effect of unplanned home births on material and fetal results with current studies and to reveal the positive and negative aspects of unplanned home births.

Methods: The study, which is a systematic review, was conducted between 28 August - 27 September 2020 through scanning Turkish and English indexes. Turk Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane and National Thesis Center databases were searched with keywords; ‘home birth, non-hospital, non-hospital birth, home birth-non-hospital birth and neonatal outcomes, home birth-non-hospital birth and maternal outcomes’ are key searched by words.

Results: In this systematic review, it was determined that unplanned home births adversely affect maternal and neonatal outcomes. It was found women’s age, number of pregnancies, gestational week, marital status and socioeconomic characteristics had an effect on the probability of births outside the hospital, and more adverse maternal outcomes has been reported. It has been determined that newborns born as a result of unplanned home births have low birth weights, a high risk of being premature, a longer hospital stay, higher rates of clinical complications, and higher neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. It has been determined that women who have unplanned home births receive inadequate antenatal care.

Conclusion: As a result of this review, it was found that maternal characteristics of women affect the probability of giving birth outside the hospital, unplanned home births increase the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and are associated with inadequate antenatal care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• home birth
• Nonhospital
• nonhosbital delivery
• maternal and neonatal results

Kaynakça

1. Almeida, M. F. D., Alencar, G. P., Novaes, M. H. D., França Jr, I., Siqueira, A. A., Schoeps, D., .& Rodrigues, L. (2005). Partos domiciliares acidentais na região sul do Município de São Paulo. Revista de Saúde pública, 39, 366-375.
2. Boland, R. A., Davis, P. G., Dawson, J. A., Stewart, M. J., Smith, J., & Doyle, L. W. (2018). Very preterm birth before arrival at hospital. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 58(2), 197-203.
3. Burnett, C. A., Jones, J. A., Rooks, J., Chen, C. H., Tyler, C. W., & Miller, C. A. (1980). Home delivery and neonatal mortality in North Carolina. Jama, 244(24), 2741-2745.
4. Declercq, E., MacDorman, M. F., Menacker, F., & Stotland, N. (2010). Characteristics of planned and unplanned home births in 19 States. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 116(1), 93-99.
5. Diana, L., Glaucia, L., Adriana, C., & Israel Jr, F. (2018). Hastane dışı doğumlar: Bir olgu-kontrol çalışması. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 53(2).
6. Eskes, M., Waelput, A. J., Erwich, J. J. H., Brouwers, H. A., Ravelli, A. C., Achterberg, P. W., ... & Bruinse, H. W. (2014). Term perinatal mortality audit in the Netherlands 2010–2012: a population-based cohort study. BMJ open, 4(10), e005652.
7. Gunnarsson, B., Smárason, A. K., Skogvoll, E., & Fasting, S. (2014). Characteristics and outcome of unplanned out‐of‐institution births in Norway from 1999 to 2013: a cross‐sectional study. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 93(10), 1003-1010.
8. Gutvirtz, G., Wainstock, T., Landau, D., & Sheiner, E. (2020). Unplanned Out-of-Hospital Birth—Short and Long-Term Consequences for the Offspring. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(2), 339.

9. Gyte, G., Dodwell, M., Newburn, M., Sandall, J., Macfarlane, A., & Bewley, S. (2009). Estimating intrapartum‐ elated perinatal mortality rates for booked home births: when the ‘best’available data are not good enough. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 116(7), 933-942.
10. Hadar, A., Rabinovich, A., Sheiner, E., Landau, D., Hallak, M., & Mazor, M. (2005). Obstetric characteristics and neonatal outcome of unplanned out-of-hospital term deliveries: a prospective, casecontrol study. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 50(11), 832-836.
11. Javaudin, F., Hamel, V., Legrand, A., Goddet, S., Templier, F., Potiron, C., ... & Montassier, E. (2019). Unplanned out-of-hospital birth and risk factors of adverse perinatal outcome: findings from a prospective cohort. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 27(1), 1-7.
12. Joanna Briggs Institute. Joanna briggs institute reviewers’ manual: Australia. (2014). The Joanna Briggs Institute.
13. Jones, D. (2009). Babies born before arrival (BBA) in Newham, London during 2007–2008: a retrospective audit and commentary. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest, 19(2), 219-24.
14. Karaçam, Z. (2013). Sistematik derleme metodolojisi: Sistematik derleme hazırlamak için bir rehber. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 6(1), 26-33.
15. Khupakonke, S., Beke, A. & Amoko, D.H.A. (2017). Maternal characteristics and birth outcomes resulting from births before arrival at health facilities in Nkangala District, South Africa: a case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17, 401.
16. Kildea, S., McGhie, A. C., Gao, Y., Rumbold, A., & Rolfe, M. (2015). Babies born before arrival to hospital and maternity unit closures in Queensland and Australia. Women and Birth, 28(3), 236-245.
17. Kukulu, K., & Öncel, S. (2009). Factors influencing women’s decision to have a home birth in rural Turkey. Midwifery, 25(1), 32-38.
18. Kulhan, N.G., Kulhan, M., Naykı, Ü.A., Naykı, C., Uluğ, P., Toklucu, H. (2017). Planlı ve plansız hariçte doğum. İzmir Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi, 27(3), 222-228. DOI: 10.5222/terh.2017.222
19. Lazić, Z., & Takač, I. (2011). Outcomes and risk factors for unplanned delivery at home and before arrival to the hospital. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 123(1), 11-14.
20. Loughney, A., Collis, R., & Dastgir, S. (2006). Birth before arrival at delivery suite: associations and consequences. British Journal of Midwifery, 14(4), 204-208.
21. McClelland, G., Burrow, E., & McAdam, H. (2019). Babies born in the pre-hospital setting attended by ambulance clinicians in the north east of England. British Paramedic Journal, 4(3), 43.
22. McLelland, G. E., Morgans, A. E., & McKenna, L. G. (2014). Involvement of emergency medical services at unplanned births before arrival to hospital: a structured review. Emergency Medicine Journal, 31(4), 345-350.
23. McLelland, G., McKenna, L., & Archer, F. (2013). No fixed place of birth: unplanned BBAs in Victoria, Australia. Midwifery, 29(2), e19-e25.
24. McLelland, G., McKenna, L., Morgans, A., & Smith, K. (2018). Epidemiology of unplanned outof- hospital births attended by paramedics. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 18(1), 1-9.
25. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., Antes, G., Atkins, D., ... & Tugwell, P. (2014). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.
26. Moscovitz, H. C., Magriples, U., Keissling, M., & Schriver, J. A. (2000). Care and outcome of out‐ofhospital deliveries. Academic Emergency Medicine, 7(7), 757-761.
27. Nahcivan, N., & Seçginli, S. (2017). How are the methodological quality of quantitative studies included in systematic review. Turkiye Klinikleri Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Özel Dergisi, 3(1), 10-9.
28. Nathan, R., & Mwanyangala, M. A. (2012). Survival of neonates in rural Southern Tanzania: does place of delivery or continuum of care matter? BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 12(1), 1-7.
29. Onat Bayram, G. (2009). Kanıta dayalı uygulamalar doğrultusunda alternatif bir doğum yöntemi: evde doğum. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2(3), 99-104.
30. Ovaskainen, K., Ojala, R., Gissler, M., Luukkaala, T., & Tammela, O. (2015). Out‐of‐hospital deliveries have risen involving greater neonatal morbidity: risk factors in out‐of‐hospital deliveries in one University Hospital region in Finland. Acta Paediatrica, 104(12), 1248-1252.
31. Renesme, L., Garlantézec, R., Anouilh, F., Bertschy, F., Carpentier, M., & Sizun, J. (2013). Accidental out‐of‐hospital deliveries: a case–control study. Acta Paediatrica, 102(4), e174-e177.
32. Rodie, V., Thomson, A., & Norman, J. (2002). Accidental out-of-hospital deliveries: an obstetric and neonatal case control study. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 81(1), 50-54.
33. Ryan R. (2013). Cochrane consumers and communication review group: veri synthesis and analysis. Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group.
34. Sheiner, M. Hallak, I. Twizer, M. Mazor, Miriam Katz, Ilana Shoham-Vardi, E. (2001). Lack of prenatal care in two different societies living in the same region and sharing the same medical facilities. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 21(5), 453-458.
35. Snilstveit, B., Oliver, S., & Vojtkova, M. (2012). Narrative approaches to systematic review and synthesis of evidence for international development policy and practice. Journal of development effectiveness, 4(3), 409-429.
36. The American College Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee on Obstetric Practice. (2015). Planned home birth. Obstetrics and gynecology, 117(2 Pt 1), 425-428.
37. Wasden, S. W., Chasen, S. T., Perlman, J. M., Illuzzi, J. L., Chervenak, F. A., Grunebaum, A., & Lipkind, H. S. (2017). Planned home birth and the association with neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 45(9), 1055-1060.
38. Wyckoff, M. H., Aziz, K., Escobedo, M. B., Kapadia, V. S., Kattwinkel, J., Perlman, J. M., & Zaichkin, J. G. (2015). Part 13: neonatal resuscitation: 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 132(18_suppl_2), S543-S560.