Formation of Carbon-Based DBPs in Swimming Pool

Abstract

This paper aims to review available information in the literature on the factors responsible on formation, species disinfection by-products (DBPs) and their health effects in swimming pool water. DBPs in swimming pools is significant for international literature and this review is the first study with the main focus of DBPs in swimming pool in national academic arena. Various disinfectants are applied in order to eliminate the pathogen microorganisms in drinking water distribution network and swimming pools. While chlorine based disinfectants are used commonly, also bromine based chemicals are preferential disinfectants. The sources of the organic matter precursors are; i) natural organic matter content of filling water and ii) organic loadings from swimmers. While disinfectants inactivate pathogens in swimming pools, mutagenic or carcinogenic DBPs are formed as a result of reactions between disinfectants and natural organic matter (NOM), bromide/iodide and human inputs. The formation of DBPs in swimming pool are higher than drinking water due to higher disinfectants residual and DBPs precursors. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloaceticacids (HAAs) are commonly observed as DBPs in swimming pools. THMs can be observed high concentration not only in swimming pool waters but also in indoor air ambition due to their volatile nature. Understanding of DBPs formation and control in swimming pools is important to minimize adverse health effects. It is much easier and cheaper to reduce DBPs before formation the pool with removal of precursors and use of proper disinfectants.

Keywords

• BFAs, DBPs, Disinfectant, Organic Matter, Swimming Pool

Yüzme Havuzlarında Karbon Bazlı Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünlerinin Oluşumu

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ülkemiz literatüründe ilk defa yer alacak ve oldukça önemli bir konu olan yüzme havuzlarındaki dezenfeksiyon yan ürünlerinin (DYÜ) türleri, DYÜ oluşumuna etki eden faktörler ve DYÜ’lerin sağlık etkileri konusunda bir derleme yapılmıştır. İçme suyu şebekesi ve yüzme havuzlarındaki patojen mikroorganizmaların engellenebilmesi amacıyla birçok dezenfektan kullanılmaktadır. Yüzme havuzlarında genellikle klor bazlı dezenfektanlar kullanılırken, bromlu dezenfektanlar da dezenfeksiyon için tercih edilmektedir. Havuz suyundaki organik madde kaynakları; i) doldurma suyunda bulunan doğal organik maddeler (DOM) ve ii) yüzücülerden gelen organik yüklemelerdir. Yüzme havuzları özelinde yüzücülerden kaynaklı daimi organik yükleme ve sürekli dezenfeksiyon sonucu (organik maddelerin oksidantlar/dezenfektanlar ile reaksiyonu sonucunda) mutajenik ve kanserojenik olmalarından şüphelenilen DYÜ oluşumu içme sularındakine nazaran daha fazladır. Trihalometan (THM) ve haloasetik asitler (HAA), havuz suyunda en sık karşılaşılan yan ürünlerdir. THM gibi uçucu olan yan ürünler sadece yüzme suyunda değil, havada da oldukça yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunabilmektedir. Bu yan ürünlerin oluşum mekanizmalarının bilinmesi ve kontrol altına alınması, yüzücüler ve bilhassa havuz çalışanlarının sağlığına olan etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi bağlamında önem arz etmektedir. Oluştuktan sonra giderilmesi zor ve maliyetli olan DYÜ’lerin oluşumunda etkili öncüllerin belirlenmesi ve kontrolü ile uygun dezenfektan türünün kullanılmasıyla yüzme havuzlarındaki DYÜ oluşumları azaltılabilir.

Keywords

• Dezenfektan, Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünleri, İnsan Vücut Artıkları, Organik Madde, Yüzme Havuzu

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