The Change of Physicochemical Properties of Bartın River in Rainy and Dry Periods

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of rainy and dry periods on the water quality of Bartin River by physicochemical parameters. For this reason, July, August were selected for the dry period, while November, December and February were selected for the rainy period. pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids were measured with Hanna (HI9812-5) multi parameter probe. The dissolved oxygen was determined by the dissolved oxygen meter (Jenway 970). The suspended solids were determined by the gravimetric method using the filter set. Nitrate, sulfate phosphate, COD was determined by spectrophotometric method (Hach Lange DR 6000). The samples were taken in accordance with the ISO 5667-3: 2018. The analyzes were performed in accordance with ASTM (1995) and APHA (1998). The mean COD concentration was determined as 116 mg/L. This value is 1.66 times the specified limit value for 4th class surface waters. It is also higher than the limit value (5 mg/L) reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking waters. PO4-P was determined as 0.17 mg/L. This value is higher than the limit value specified for eutrophication in surface waters (0.1 mg/L). In addition, the water quality index for pH, NO3̄, SO4-2, COD and TDS was calculated according to the Horton Method. The mean WQI values were determined as 1939, 1916 and 956 according to TS 266 (2013), EPA (2018) and WHO (2018) drinking water standard values, respectively. Water quality index (WQI) was determined as 1719 and 1430 for rainy period and dry period, respectively. Heavy rainfall increased the suspended solids (AKM) and turbidity in the river. It is thought that the particles (silt, clay, etc.) carried with the precipitation water cause a decrease in the water quality in the rainy period. As a result, it is not possible to use river water for drinking, irrigation or industrial purposes. However, it can be used after purification with appropriate water treatment technologies.

Keywords

• Bartın River,Water Pollution,Water Quality Management,Water Quality Index

Bartın Nehri’nin Fizikokimyasal Özelliklerinin Yağışlı ve Kurak Dönemlerdeki Değişimi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yağışlı ve kurak dönemin Bartın Nehri su kalitesi üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple temmuz, ağustos ayları kurak dönemi; kasım, aralık, şubat ayları ise yağışlı dönemi temsilen örnekleme zamanları olarak seçilmiştir. Özellikle yaz aylarında hissedilen rahatsız edici koku problemi ve gözlenen balık ölümleri ile yaz ve kış aylarında nehir suyu renk değişimi çalışmanın başlangıç noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Sıcaklık, renk, bulanıklık, askıda katı madde (AKM), toplam çözünmüş katılar (TÇK) ve elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ) fiziksel parametreler; çözünmüş oksijen (ÇO), pH, NO₃^̄, SO₄^-2, PO₄^-3, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ), kimyasal parametreler olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ortalama KOİ konsantrasyonu 116 mg/L olarak belirlenmiş olup, IV. sınıf yüzeysel sular için belirlenmiş limit değerin 1.66 katıdır. Ayrıca Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından içme suları için bildirilmiş limit değerden (10 mg/L) yüksektir. PO₄-P ortalama 0.17 mg/L olup yüzeysel sularda ötrofikasyon için belirlenmiş sınır değerden (0.1 mg/L) yüksektir. Nitrat, sülfat, fosfat , Eİ , TÇK ve sıcaklık yağışlı dönemde azalırken; renk, pH, ÇO artmıştır. Şiddetli yağmur yağışı nehirde akıda katı madde AKM ve bulanıklığı arttırmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca Horton Metoduna göre pH, NO₃-, SO₄^-2, KOİ ve TÇK’ için su kalite indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Su kalite indeksi 394.47-795.83 aralığında değişmiş olup nehir suyunun içme suyu, sulama suyu ve endüstriyel kullanım için uygun olmadığı, ancak uygun su arıtma teknolojileri ile arıtıldıktan sonra kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Bartın Nehri,Su Kirliliği,Su Kalite Yönetimi,Su Kalite İndeksi

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