Research Article
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Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by means of Distorted Physical Model

Year 2021, , 803 - 821, 15.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236909

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of partial vegetation on the wave propagation resulted from sudden dam failure in a residential area. Temporal variations of water depths and flood wave propagation velocities were determined and compared with those obtained from the experiments performed without vegetation. The experiments were performed on the distorted physical model of Urkmez Dam and its downstream region. The distorted physical model with horizontal scale of 1/150 and vertical scale of 1/30 contains the dam reservoir, the dam body, the residential area of Urkmez coastal town until the sea and the partial vegetation. In the model, the reservoir has an active volume of 11.222 m3, the dam body has a length of 2.84 m and a height of 1.07 m, and the downstream area is nearly 200 m2. Water depths were measured by e+ WATER L level sensors placed at various locations of the downstream region. Velocities were measured by ultrasonic velocity profilers (UVP) located near the level sensors. Flood wave propagation was recorded by the high definition digital camera. Experimental findings obtained from the physical model were converted to the prototype values, in nature. The changes in water depths and elapsed times, also the changes in velocities and their occurrence times were determined for different zones of the downstream area in the presence of vegetation. The experimental results revealed that in such a dam failure, the flood arrives at the sea in 6 s in the absence of vegetation, while in 10 s in the presence of vegetation. These values correspond to 2.74 min and 4.57 min, respectively in the prototype. The existence of vegetation resulted in decrease in flood propagation velocities mainly in the dense residential area, as expected. It was observed that the maximum water depths were increased at the left bank and decreased at the right bank, except at level sensor S6 which is very close to the creek. It was observed that the maximum depth averaged velocities were decreased in the sparse and dense residential areas. The existence of the vegetation changed considerably the local velocities during rising and recession stages of the water depth. It was found that the order of magnitude of the prototype velocities was high and such velocities can cause serious damage mainly in the buildings close to the dam body. Because the presence of vegetation caused a decrease in flood propagation velocities in the sparse and dense residential areas, it would reduce the damages on the buildings in these areas.

Supporting Institution

Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

Project Number

110M240

Thanks

The experiments were performed on the distorted physical model designed and built in the scope of the project number 110M240 supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). The authors thank TUBITAK for its financial support.

References

  • [1] Singh, V.P. 1996. Dam Breach Modeling Technology. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht, 1996.
  • [2] Chen, X., Chen, Q., Zhan, J., Liu, D. 2016. Numerical Simulations of Wave Propagation over a Vegetated Platform, Coastal Engineering, 110, pp. 64-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.01.003
  • [3] Yang, K., Cao, S., Knight, D.W. 2007. Flow Patterns in Compound Channels with Vegetated Floodplain, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133(2), pp. 148-159, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:2(148)
  • [4] Chen, G., Huai, W.-X., Han, J., Zhao, M.-D. 2010. Flow Structure in Partially Vegetated Rectangular Channels, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 22(4), pp. 590-597. DOI: 10.1016/S1001-6058(09)60092-5
  • [5] Zhang, M., Hao, Z., Zhang, Y., Wu, W. 2013. Numerical Simulation of Solitary and Random Wave Propagation Through Vegetation Based on VOF Method, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 32(7), pp. 38-46. DOI: 10.1007/s13131-013-0330-4
  • [6] Zhang, M., Xu, Y., Li, J., Qiao, H., Zhang, H. 2016. Interactions Study of Hydrodynamic-Morphology-Vegetation for Dam-Break Flows, Hindawi Mathematical Problems in Engineering, pp. 1-12. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3818591
  • [7] He, Z., Wu, T., Weng, H., Hu, P., Wu, G. 2017. Numerical Simulation of Dam-Break Flow and Bed Change Considering the Vegetation Effects, International Journal of Sediment Research, 32(1), pp. 105-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2015.04.004
  • [8] Li, W., Wang, D., Jiao, J., Yang, K. 2019. Effects of Vegetation Patch Density on Flow Velocity Characteristics in an Open Channel, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 31, pp. 1052-1059. DOI: 10.1007/s42241-018-0086-6
  • [9] Güney, M.S., Tayfur, G., Bombar, G., Elci, S. 2014. Distorted Physical Model to Study Sudden Partial Dam Break Flows in an Urban Area, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 140(11), pp. 1-11. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000926
  • [10] Oguzhan, S., Aksoy, A.O. 2020. Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Vegetation on Dam Break Flood Waves, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 68, 2020, 3, pp. 231-241. DOI: 10.2478/johh-2020-0026
  • [11] Sevinc, E., Guney, M.S. 2018. Time Varied Water Depths and Local Velocities Resulting from Flood Wave Propagation in the Distorted Physical Model of Ürkmez Dam in the case of Partial Vegetation. 5th International Symposium on Dam Safety, 27-31 October, Istanbul, 1027-1038.
  • [12] TUBITAK project number 110M240, 2013. Final Report.
  • [13] Map Data. https://earth.google.com/web/ (Date of Access: 06.02.2020)
  • [14] Yalin, M.S. 1971. Theory of Hydraulic Models. Macmillan Publishers Limited, Palgrave. London, 1971.
  • [15] User Manual. 2011. e+ WATER L. Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment. Giesbeek, Netherlands.
  • [16] User’s Guide. 2002. UVP Monitor Model UVP-DUO with Software Version 3. Met-Flow SA. Lausanne, Switzerland.

Ürkmez Yerleşim Alanında Baraj Yıkılması Sonucunda Oluşan Taşkın Dalgalarının Yayılmasında Kısmi Bitki Örtüsü Etkisinin Çarpıtılmış Fiziksel Model ile Deneysel Olarak Araştırılması

Year 2021, , 803 - 821, 15.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236909

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir yerleşim bölgesindeki ani baraj yıkılması ile meydana gelen dalga yayılmasında bitki örtüsünün etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Su derinliklerinin zamana bağlı değişimleri ve taşkın dalgası yayılma hızları belirlenmiş ve bitki örtüsüz yapılan deneylerden elde edilenlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneyler, Ürkmez Barajı ve mansap bölgesinin çarpıtılmış fiziksel modeli üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1/150 yatay ölçekli ve 1/30 düşey ölçekli çarpıtılmış fiziksel model, baraj haznesi, baraj gövdesi, Ürkmez sahil kasabasının denize kadar olan yerleşim alanını ve kısmen bitki örtüsünü içermektedir. Modelde hazne aktif hacmi 11.222 m3, baraj gövdesi 2.84 m uzunluğunda ve 1.07 m yüksekliğinde olup mansap bölgesi alanı yaklaşık 200 m2'dir. Su derinlikleri, mansap bölgesinin çeşitli yerlerine yerleştirilen e + WATER L seviye ölçerleri ile ölçülmüştür. Hızlar, seviye ölçerlerin yakınında bulunan ultrasonik hız ölçüm cihazları (UVP) ile belirlenmiştir. Taşkın dalgasının yayılması, yüksek çözünürlüklü dijital kamera ile kaydedilmiştir. Fiziksel modelden elde edilen deneysel bulgular, doğadaki prototip değerlerine dönüştürülmüştür. Su derinliklerindeki ve geçen sürelerdeki değişimler, ayrıca hızlardaki değişimler ve bunların oluşma süreleri, bitki örtüsünün varlığında mansap bölgesinin farklı bölgeleri için belirlenmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar bu tür bir baraj yıkılmasında, taşkının bitki örtüsü olmadan 6 saniyede, bitki örtüsü varlığında ise 10 saniyede denize ulaştığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu değerler prototipte sırasıyla 2.74 dakika ve 4.57 dakikaya karşılık gelmektedir. Bitki örtüsünün varlığı, beklendiği gibi, özellikle yoğun yerleşim alanlarında taşkın yayılma hızlarında düşüşe neden olmuştur. Maksimum su derinliklerinin sol sahilde arttığı ve sağ sahilde dereye çok yakın olan S6 seviye ölçeri dışında azaldığı görülmüştür. Seyrek ve yoğun yerleşim bölgelerinde derinlik ortalamalı maksimum hızların azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bitki örtüsü varlığının, su derinliğinin yükselme ve alçalma safhalarında yerel hızları önemli ölçüde değiştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Prototipteki hızların önemli mertebede olduğu ve bu hızların özellikle baraj gövdesine yakın binalarda ciddi hasarlara neden olabileceği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bitki örtüsü varlığının seyrek ve yoğun yerleşim alanlarında taşkın yayılma hızlarını azaltmış olması nedeniyle, bu bölgelerde bulunan binalardaki hasarları da azaltmış olacaktır.

Project Number

110M240

References

  • [1] Singh, V.P. 1996. Dam Breach Modeling Technology. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht, 1996.
  • [2] Chen, X., Chen, Q., Zhan, J., Liu, D. 2016. Numerical Simulations of Wave Propagation over a Vegetated Platform, Coastal Engineering, 110, pp. 64-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.01.003
  • [3] Yang, K., Cao, S., Knight, D.W. 2007. Flow Patterns in Compound Channels with Vegetated Floodplain, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133(2), pp. 148-159, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:2(148)
  • [4] Chen, G., Huai, W.-X., Han, J., Zhao, M.-D. 2010. Flow Structure in Partially Vegetated Rectangular Channels, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 22(4), pp. 590-597. DOI: 10.1016/S1001-6058(09)60092-5
  • [5] Zhang, M., Hao, Z., Zhang, Y., Wu, W. 2013. Numerical Simulation of Solitary and Random Wave Propagation Through Vegetation Based on VOF Method, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 32(7), pp. 38-46. DOI: 10.1007/s13131-013-0330-4
  • [6] Zhang, M., Xu, Y., Li, J., Qiao, H., Zhang, H. 2016. Interactions Study of Hydrodynamic-Morphology-Vegetation for Dam-Break Flows, Hindawi Mathematical Problems in Engineering, pp. 1-12. DOI: 10.1155/2016/3818591
  • [7] He, Z., Wu, T., Weng, H., Hu, P., Wu, G. 2017. Numerical Simulation of Dam-Break Flow and Bed Change Considering the Vegetation Effects, International Journal of Sediment Research, 32(1), pp. 105-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2015.04.004
  • [8] Li, W., Wang, D., Jiao, J., Yang, K. 2019. Effects of Vegetation Patch Density on Flow Velocity Characteristics in an Open Channel, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 31, pp. 1052-1059. DOI: 10.1007/s42241-018-0086-6
  • [9] Güney, M.S., Tayfur, G., Bombar, G., Elci, S. 2014. Distorted Physical Model to Study Sudden Partial Dam Break Flows in an Urban Area, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 140(11), pp. 1-11. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000926
  • [10] Oguzhan, S., Aksoy, A.O. 2020. Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Vegetation on Dam Break Flood Waves, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 68, 2020, 3, pp. 231-241. DOI: 10.2478/johh-2020-0026
  • [11] Sevinc, E., Guney, M.S. 2018. Time Varied Water Depths and Local Velocities Resulting from Flood Wave Propagation in the Distorted Physical Model of Ürkmez Dam in the case of Partial Vegetation. 5th International Symposium on Dam Safety, 27-31 October, Istanbul, 1027-1038.
  • [12] TUBITAK project number 110M240, 2013. Final Report.
  • [13] Map Data. https://earth.google.com/web/ (Date of Access: 06.02.2020)
  • [14] Yalin, M.S. 1971. Theory of Hydraulic Models. Macmillan Publishers Limited, Palgrave. London, 1971.
  • [15] User Manual. 2011. e+ WATER L. Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment. Giesbeek, Netherlands.
  • [16] User’s Guide. 2002. UVP Monitor Model UVP-DUO with Software Version 3. Met-Flow SA. Lausanne, Switzerland.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emrah Sevinç 0000-0002-0999-7906

Mehmet Şükrü Güney 0000-0003-1441-4784

Project Number 110M240
Publication Date September 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Sevinç, E., & Güney, M. Ş. (2021). Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by means of Distorted Physical Model. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 23(69), 803-821. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236909
AMA Sevinç E, Güney MŞ. Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by means of Distorted Physical Model. DEUFMD. September 2021;23(69):803-821. doi:10.21205/deufmd.2021236909
Chicago Sevinç, Emrah, and Mehmet Şükrü Güney. “Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by Means of Distorted Physical Model”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi 23, no. 69 (September 2021): 803-21. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236909.
EndNote Sevinç E, Güney MŞ (September 1, 2021) Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by means of Distorted Physical Model. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 23 69 803–821.
IEEE E. Sevinç and M. Ş. Güney, “Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by means of Distorted Physical Model”, DEUFMD, vol. 23, no. 69, pp. 803–821, 2021, doi: 10.21205/deufmd.2021236909.
ISNAD Sevinç, Emrah - Güney, Mehmet Şükrü. “Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by Means of Distorted Physical Model”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 23/69 (September 2021), 803-821. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236909.
JAMA Sevinç E, Güney MŞ. Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by means of Distorted Physical Model. DEUFMD. 2021;23:803–821.
MLA Sevinç, Emrah and Mehmet Şükrü Güney. “Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by Means of Distorted Physical Model”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 69, 2021, pp. 803-21, doi:10.21205/deufmd.2021236909.
Vancouver Sevinç E, Güney MŞ. Experimental Investigation of the Partial Vegetation Effect on the Flood Wave Propagation Resulted from Dam Failure in Urkmez Residential Area by means of Distorted Physical Model. DEUFMD. 2021;23(69):803-21.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi Dekanlığı Tınaztepe Yerleşkesi, Adatepe Mah. Doğuş Cad. No: 207-I / 35390 Buca-İZMİR.