IN-SITU REMEDIATION OF TCE SOURCE ZONES BY CHEMICAL FLUSHING: PERFORMANCE OF TWEEN 80 AND SDS

Year 2018, Volume: 20 Issue: 58, 197 - 208, 01.01.2018

Seda ASLAN Kılavuz Nihat Hakan Akyol

Abstract

Chlorinated solvents exist as dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) in the subsurface and generally lead to long term groundwater performance, DNAPL mass in the source zone must be controlled contamination. For effective remediation Sodium dodexyl sulfate. or eliminated. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most important DNAPL phase and widespread groundwater contaminant. In this study, reagent enhanced remediation of residual TCE resided in heterogeneous geological setting using Tween 80, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and water was examined. Silica sand media with different median particle diameters were used to represent physical heterogeneity. 2-D Flow-cell experiments were conducted for the objectives. Results showed that residual TCE sources resided in matrix and low-K zones were completely removed due to the effects of solubilization agents (Except water flooding). Performance of reagents on TCE source zone remediation was found to be in the following order: Tween 80> SDS>>Water. The performance of remediation technology was affected by distribution of DNAPLs, type and concentration of reagent and the presence of physical heterogeneity. As a result, the performance of technology depends on the site characteristics which are critical to characterize effective DNAPL remediation strategies for contaminated sites

Keywords

DNAPL, Trichloroethylene, Tween 80

TCE KAYNAK ZONLARIN YERİNDE KİMYASAL YIKAMA İLE ISLAHI: TWEEN 80 VE SDS İLE YIKAMA PERFORMANSI

Abstract

Klorlu solventler genellikle yeraltında sudan yoğun saf
faz (DNAPL) olarak bulunup uzun vadede yeraltı suyu kirliliğine
neden olurlar. Etkili bir ıslah performansı için, kaynak
zonlarındaki saf faz kütlelerin tamamıyla uzaklaştırılması ya da
kontrol edilmesi gerekmektedir. Trikloroetilen (TCE) önemli saf
faz (DNAPL) kirletici gruplarından olup yer altı sularında sıkça
karşılaşılmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, heterojen jeolojik
sistemlerde hapsolmuş olan TCE kaynak zonlarının Tween 80,
Sodyum dodeksil sülfat (SDS) ve su ile yerinde ıslah
performansının başarısı incelenmiştir. Heterojen jeolojik ortamın
yansıtılması amacıyla farklı tane boyundaki kuvars kumları
kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda bir seri 2 boyutlu akım hücresi
deneyleri yürütülerek hedeflenen sonuçlara ulaşılması
planlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; matriks ve düşük
geçirgenlikteki zonların içerisinde bulunan saf faz TCE kütlesi
yıkama ajanlarının etkisiyle tamamıyla (su ile yıkama hariç) ıslah
edilmiştir. Kullanılan yıkama solüsyonları içerisinde en iyi ıslah
performans sıralaması, Tween 80>SDS> su ile yıkama olarak
belirlenmiştir. Teknolojinin başarısı özellikle DNAPL dağılımı,
yıkama solüsyonu türü ve derişimi ve fiziksel ortam
heterojenliğinden önemli oranda etkilenmektedir. Sonuç olarak,
arazi çalışmalarında teknolojinin başarısı sahaya özgü olup, bu
durum kirlenmiş sahalarda etkili DNAPL ıslah teknolojilerini
karakterize etmede oldukça önemlidir

Keywords

DNAPL, Trikloroetilen, Tween 80, Sodyum dodeksil sülfat.

References

• [1] Feenstra, S., Cherry, J.A., 1988. Subsurface contamination by dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) chemicals. International Groundwater Symposium, The International Association of Hydrogeologists, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
• [2] Mercer, J.W., Cohen, R.M., 1990. A review of immiscible fluids in the subsurface: Properties, models, characterization and remediation. J. Contam. Hydrol., 6: 107-163. DOI: 10.1016/0169- 7722(90)90043-G
• [3] Mckay D. J., Stark J. A., Young B. L., Govoni J. W., Berini C. W., Cronan T. J., Hewitt T. J. 2000. ‘‘A field demonstration of trichloroethylene oxidation using potassium permanganate’’. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA, USA, 109-116.
• [4] Boving, T.B., Brusseau, M.L. 2000. Solubilization and removal of residual trichloroethene from porous media: Comparison of several solubilization agents. J. Contam. Hydrol, 42: 51-67. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00077-7
• [5] Tick, G.R., Lourenso, F., Wood, A.L., Brusseau, M.L., 2003. Pilot-scale demonstration of cyclodextrin as a solubility-enhancement agent for the remediation of a tetrachloroethene-contaminated aquifer. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37: 5829-5834. DOI: 10.1021 /es030417f
• [6] Tick, G., Rincon, E., 2009. Effect of enhanced solubilization agents on dissolution and mass flux from uniformly distributed immiscible liquid trichloroethylene (TCE) in homogeneous porous media. Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 204: 315-332.
• [7] Difilippo, E.L., Carroll, K.C., Brusseau, M.L. 2010. Impact of organic-liquid distribution and flow-field heterogeneity on reductions in mass flux. J. Contam. Hydrol. 115: 14–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.03.002
• [8] Harvell J.R., 2012. Solubilization of Multi-component immiscible liquids in homogeneous systems: A Comparison of different flushing agents using a 2-D flow-cell. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Alabama, 83s.
• [9] Akyol, N.H., Russo A.L., Brusseau, M.L. 2013. Impact of EnhancedFlushing Reagents and Organic Liquid Distribution on Mass Removal and Mass Discharge Reduction. Water Air and Soil Pollut., 224:17-31.
• [10] Tick G. R., Harvell J.R., Murgulet D., 2015. ‘’Intermediate-Scale Investigation of EnhancedSolubilization Agents on the Dissolution and Removal of a Multicomponent Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) Source’’, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 204, 315-332.226-371.
• [11] Turkkan S., Akyol N.H., 2017. Cyclodextrin-Enhanced In-situ Flushing of TCE Source Zones Resided in Heterogeneous Porous Media, International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJASEAT)., 5, Iss-2, Spcl Iss-1 (P-I).
• [12] Russo, A.E., Mahal, M.K., Brusseau, M.L., 2009. Nonideal behavior during complete dissolution of organic immiscible liquid: 1. Natural porous media. J. Hazard Mater., 172: 208–213.
• [13] Mahal, M.K., Murao, A., Johnson, G.R., Russo, A., Brusseau, M.L. 2010. Non-ideal behavior during complete dissolution of organic immiscible liquid: 2. Ideal porous media. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 213: 191-197.