ANALYSIS OF AN INDEPENDENCE STRUGGLE IN NORTH AFRICA: POLISARIO FRONT AND SAHRAWI ARAB DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (SADR)

Abstract

The problems of the Western Sahara known as the latest colony of Africant continent still keeps its significance in world public opinion silently. The region which was annexed by the Spanish and Morocco during the approximately two centuries is still one of the unsolved geopolitical questions of the world. The independence of the Western Sahara has been initiated under the leadership of the Front Polisario as an organized manner since the 70s. Despite the fact that Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic defined as non-self-governing territory by the United Nations (UN), it was recognized by many states and became the full member of the African Union as a concrete success of the Front Polisario. As a matter of fact, the struggle of the Front Polisario for the sake of the independence is a kind of unique way in 20th century. The developments in Western Sahara cannot be ignorable matter for the literature of the international relations. In this context, this study elaborates the matter of independence in the Western Sahara historically and aims to explain the nation-building strategies of the Front Polisario with its historical, political, structural and legal dimensions.     

Keywords

• Western Sahara,Independence,Polisario Front,Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic,Constitutions

KUZEY AFRİKA’DA BİR BAĞIMSIZLIK MÜCADELESİ ANALİZİ: POLİSARİO CEPHESİ VE SAHRA ARAP DEMOKRATİK CUMHURİYETİ (SADC)

Abstract

Bugün Afrika Kıtasının son sömürge coğrafyası olarak bilinen Batı Sahra sorunu yüzyılı aşkın bir süredir dünya kamuoyundaki yerini sessizce korumaktadır. Yaklaşık iki yüzyıl boyunca İspanyollar, ardından da Fas hükümeti tarafından ilhak edilmek istenen bölge, halen dünyanın çözülememiş jeopolitik sorunlarından birisidir. Batı Sahra’nın bağımsızlığı Polisario Cephesi liderliğinde yetmişli yıllardan bu yana örgütlü olarak yürütülmektedir. BM tarafından kendisini idare edemeyen topraklar olarak tanımlanmasına karşın; de facto biçimde onlarca devlet tarafından tanınan ve Afrika Birliği’nin tam üyesi olan Sahra Arap Demokratik Cumhuriyeti (SADC), Polisario Cephesinin başarısını gösteren en somut aşamadır. Polisario Cephesi’nin yürüttüğü bağımsızlık mücadelesi esasen 20. yüzyılda örneğine az rastlanan bir mücadele biçimidir. Ülkemiz gündeminde tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte Batı Sahra’da yaşanan gelişmeler, uluslararası ilişkiler yazını bakımından göz ardı edilmemesi gereken bir konudur. İşte bu çalışma Batı Sahra’da yaşanan bağımsızlık sorununu tarihsel açıdan ele almakta ve Polisario Cephesi’nin ulus devlet kurma yolundaki çabalarını siyasal, yapısal ve hukuksal çerçevelerde, tarihi boyutlarıyla ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. 

Keywords

• Batı Sahra,Bağımsızlık Mücadelesi,Polisario Cephesi,Sahra Arap Demokratik Cumhuriyeti,Anayasa

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