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HIZ VE KARŞILAŞTIRMA GERİBİLDİRİMİNİN BİR İŞLEVİ OLARAK BİREYSEL BEYİN FIRTINASI PERFORMANSI

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 197 - 210, 20.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.322058

Abstract

Bu deneysel
çalışmanın amacı, hızın (hız ve kontrol) ve karşılaştırmanın (karşılaştırma ve
kontrol) bireysel beyin fırtınasında düşünce üretme performansına etkisini
incelemektir. Hız koşulundaki katılımcılara, düşüncelerini olabildiğince hızlı
yazmaları konusunda bir yönerge verilirken; kontrol koşulundaki katılımcılara
herhangi bir yönerge verilmemiştir. Karşılaştırma koşulundaki katılımcılara ise,
performanslarının kendilerine benzer biriyle karşılaştırılacağı bilgisi
verilirken; kontrol koşulundaki katılımcılara herhangi bir geribildirim
verilmemiştir. Tüm katılımcılar, üniversitede öğrenci yaşamını geliştirme
yolları hakkında 12 dakika boyunca beyin fırtınası yapmışlardır. Araştırma
bulgularına göre hız ve karşılaştırma koşullarındaki katılımcılar, kontrol
koşullarındaki katılımcılara göre daha fazla düşünce üretmişlerdir. Ayrıca hız
ve karşılaştırma koşullarının bu etkisine, esneklik aracılık etmektedir. Elde
edilen bulgular,  hem hız hem
karşılaştırmanın düşünce üretiminde yararlı olduğunu göstermesine rağmen bu
değişkenlerin düşünce üretme performansına etkileri altında yatan mekanizmalar aynıdır.

References

  • Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. & Nijstad, B. A. (2011). When prevention promotes creativity: the role of mood, regulatory focus, and regulatory closure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 100(5): 794. Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6): 1173–1182.
  • Brown, V., Tumeo, M., Larey, T. S. & Paulus, P. B. (1998). Modeling cognitive interactions during group brainstorming. Small group research, 29(4): 495-526. Cohn, M. & Moscovitch, M. (2007). Dissociating measures of associative memory: Evidence and theoretical implications. Journal of Memory and Language, 57: 437– 454. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.06.006 Collins, A. M. & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading activation of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82: 407–428. Coskun, H., (2000). The effect of out-group comparison, social context, intrinsic motivation, and collective identity in brainstorming groups. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The University of Texas Texas at Arlington. Coşkun, H. (2005a). Beyin fırtınasında sosyal kimlik değişiminin üretkenlik üzerine etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1): 79-94. Coskun, H. (2005b). Cognitive stimulation with convergent and divergent thinking exercising in brainwriting: Incubation, sequence priming, and group context. Small Group Research, 36: 466-498. Coskun, H. (2009). The effects of associative exercises on the idea generation during brainstorming. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 24: 34-44. Coskun, H. (2011). Close associations and memory in brainwriting groups. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 45(1): 59-75. Coskun, H., & Gocmen, O. (2015). Individual brainstorming performance as a function of velocity and the provision of high standard. Poster Presentation in 14th European Congress of Psychology. Milano: Italy. Coskun, H., Paulus, P. B., Brown, V. & Sherwood, J. J. (2000). Cognitive stimulation and problem presentation in idea-generating groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, 4: 307–329. doi: 10.1037//1089-2699.4.4.307 Coskun, H. & Yılmaz, O. (2009). A new dynamical model of brainstorming: Linear, nonlinear, continuous (simultaneous) and impulsive (sequential) cases. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53: 253-264. De Dreu, C. K. W., Baas, M. & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). Hedonic tone and activation level in the mood-creativity link: toward a dual pathway to creativity model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(5): 739–756. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.739 De Dreu, C. K. W., Nijstad, B. A., Baas, M., Wolsink, I. & Roskes, M. (2012). Working memory benefits creative insight, musical improvisation, and original ideation through maintained task-focused attention. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(5): 656–669. doi:10.1177/0146167211435795 Diehl, M. and Stroebe, W. (1987). Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: Toward the solution of a riddle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53: 497–509. Dugosh, K. L. & Paulus, P. B. (2005). Cognitive and social comparison processes in brainstorming. Journal of experimental social psychology, 41(3): 313-320. Dugosh, K. L., Paulus, P. B., Roland, E. J. & Yang, H. (2000). Cognitive stimulation in brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79: 722–735. doi:10.1037//0022-35I4.79.5.722 Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human relations, 7(2): 117-140. Gasper, K. (2003). When necessity is the mother of invention: Mood and problem solving. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39: 248–262. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00023-4 Grawitch, M. J., Munz, D. C., Elliott, E. K. & Mathis, A. (2003). Promoting creativity in temporary problem solving groups: The effects of positive mood and autonomy in problem definition on idea-generating performance. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7: 200–213. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.3.200. Grawitch, M. J., Munz, D. C. & Kramer, T. J. (2003). Effects of member mood states on creative performance in temporary workgroups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7: 41–54. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.1.41 Goldenberg, O., Larson, J. R. & Wiley, J. (2013). Goal instructions, response format, and idea generation in groups. Small Group Research, 44: 227-256. doi:10.1177/1046496413486701. Guo, L. & McLeod, P. L. (2014). The impact of semantic relevance and heterogeneity of pictorial stimuli on individual brainstorming: An extension of SIAM model. Creativity Research Journal, 26: 361-367. doi: 0.1080/10400419.2014.929433. Larey, T. S. & Paulus, P. B. (1995). Social Comparison and Goal Setting in Brainstorming Groups1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(18): 1579-1596. Larsen, R. J., & Ketelaar, T. (1991). Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(1), 132. Lin, F., Heffner, K. L., Ren, P., Tivarus, M. E., Brasch, J., Chen, D. G., et al. (2016). Cognitive and Neural Effects of Vision‐Based Speed‐of‐Processing Training in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(6), 1293-1298. Marsh, R. L., Landau, J. D. & Hicks, J. L. (1996). How examples may (and may not) constrain creativity. Memory & Cognition, 24: 669–680. Mednick, S. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review, 69(3): 220. Neely, J. H. (1991). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In Besner, D. and Humphreys, G. W. (Ed.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (pp. 264-350). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Nijstad, B. A., De Dreu, C. K. W., Rietzschel E. F. & Baas, M. (2010). The dual pathway to creativity model: Creative ideation as a function of flexibility and persistence. European Review of Social Psychology, 21(1): 34–77. doi:10.1080/10463281003765323 Nijstad, B. A. & Stroebe, W. (2006). How the group affects the mind: A cognitive model of idea generation in groups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3): 186-213. Nijstad, B. A., Stroebe, W. & Lodewijkx, H. F. M. (2002). Cognitive stimulation and interference in groups: Exposure effects in an idea generation task. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38: 535–544. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(02)00500-0. Nijstad, B. A., Stroebe, W. & Lodewijkx, H. F. M. (2003). Production blocking and idea generation: Does blocking interfere with cognitive processes? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39: 531-548. Osborn, A. F. (1957). Applied imagination. New York: Scribner. Paulus, P. B. & Brown, V. (2007). Toward more creative and innovative group idea generation: A cognitive-social-motivational perspective of group brainstorming. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1: 248–265. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00006.x Paulus, P. B. & Dzindolet, M. T. (1993). Social influence processes in group brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4): 575. Paulus, P. B., Nakui, T., Putman, V. L. & Brown, V. R. (2006). Effects of task instructions and brief breaks on brainstorming. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(3): 206. Paulus, P. B., Putman, V. L., Dugosh, K. L., Dzindolet, M. T. & Coskun, H. (2002). Social and cognitive influences in group brainstorming: Predicting production gains and losses. European Review of Social Psychology, 12(1): 299-325. Paulus, P. B. & Yang, H. (2000). Idea generation in groups: A basis for creativity in organizations. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 82: 76–87. doi: 10.1006/obhd.2000.2888 Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. Organization of memory, 1, 381-403. Wegge, J. & Haslam, S. A. (2005). Improving work motivation and performance in brainstorming groups: The effects of three group goal-setting strategies. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14(4): 400-430.

INDIVIDUAL BRAINSTORMING PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF VELOCITY AND COMPARISON FEEDBACK

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 197 - 210, 20.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.322058

Abstract

This experimental research aimed to investigate the
effect of velocity (control vs. velocity) and comparison (control vs.
comparison) on the idea generation performance of individual brainstormers. The
participants in the velocity condition were led to write down their ideas as
quick as possible, whereas those in the control received no such instruction.
Those in the comparison condition were informed that their performance would be
compared with someone similar to them, whereas those in the control one
received no such feedback. After that, all they brainstormed on the ways to
improve the student life in the university for 12 minutes session. Findings
showed that those in the velocity condition and comparison one generated more
ideas than their counterparts. These effects were mediated by only flexibility.
These findings suggest that even though both provision of comparison and
velocity were beneficial to idea generation, underlying mechanisms for the
effects of these variables on the idea generation performance were the same.

References

  • Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. & Nijstad, B. A. (2011). When prevention promotes creativity: the role of mood, regulatory focus, and regulatory closure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 100(5): 794. Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6): 1173–1182.
  • Brown, V., Tumeo, M., Larey, T. S. & Paulus, P. B. (1998). Modeling cognitive interactions during group brainstorming. Small group research, 29(4): 495-526. Cohn, M. & Moscovitch, M. (2007). Dissociating measures of associative memory: Evidence and theoretical implications. Journal of Memory and Language, 57: 437– 454. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.06.006 Collins, A. M. & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading activation of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82: 407–428. Coskun, H., (2000). The effect of out-group comparison, social context, intrinsic motivation, and collective identity in brainstorming groups. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The University of Texas Texas at Arlington. Coşkun, H. (2005a). Beyin fırtınasında sosyal kimlik değişiminin üretkenlik üzerine etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1): 79-94. Coskun, H. (2005b). Cognitive stimulation with convergent and divergent thinking exercising in brainwriting: Incubation, sequence priming, and group context. Small Group Research, 36: 466-498. Coskun, H. (2009). The effects of associative exercises on the idea generation during brainstorming. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 24: 34-44. Coskun, H. (2011). Close associations and memory in brainwriting groups. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 45(1): 59-75. Coskun, H., & Gocmen, O. (2015). Individual brainstorming performance as a function of velocity and the provision of high standard. Poster Presentation in 14th European Congress of Psychology. Milano: Italy. Coskun, H., Paulus, P. B., Brown, V. & Sherwood, J. J. (2000). Cognitive stimulation and problem presentation in idea-generating groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, 4: 307–329. doi: 10.1037//1089-2699.4.4.307 Coskun, H. & Yılmaz, O. (2009). A new dynamical model of brainstorming: Linear, nonlinear, continuous (simultaneous) and impulsive (sequential) cases. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53: 253-264. De Dreu, C. K. W., Baas, M. & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). Hedonic tone and activation level in the mood-creativity link: toward a dual pathway to creativity model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(5): 739–756. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.739 De Dreu, C. K. W., Nijstad, B. A., Baas, M., Wolsink, I. & Roskes, M. (2012). Working memory benefits creative insight, musical improvisation, and original ideation through maintained task-focused attention. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(5): 656–669. doi:10.1177/0146167211435795 Diehl, M. and Stroebe, W. (1987). Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: Toward the solution of a riddle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53: 497–509. Dugosh, K. L. & Paulus, P. B. (2005). Cognitive and social comparison processes in brainstorming. Journal of experimental social psychology, 41(3): 313-320. Dugosh, K. L., Paulus, P. B., Roland, E. J. & Yang, H. (2000). Cognitive stimulation in brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79: 722–735. doi:10.1037//0022-35I4.79.5.722 Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human relations, 7(2): 117-140. Gasper, K. (2003). When necessity is the mother of invention: Mood and problem solving. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39: 248–262. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00023-4 Grawitch, M. J., Munz, D. C., Elliott, E. K. & Mathis, A. (2003). Promoting creativity in temporary problem solving groups: The effects of positive mood and autonomy in problem definition on idea-generating performance. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7: 200–213. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.3.200. Grawitch, M. J., Munz, D. C. & Kramer, T. J. (2003). Effects of member mood states on creative performance in temporary workgroups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7: 41–54. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.1.41 Goldenberg, O., Larson, J. R. & Wiley, J. (2013). Goal instructions, response format, and idea generation in groups. Small Group Research, 44: 227-256. doi:10.1177/1046496413486701. Guo, L. & McLeod, P. L. (2014). The impact of semantic relevance and heterogeneity of pictorial stimuli on individual brainstorming: An extension of SIAM model. Creativity Research Journal, 26: 361-367. doi: 0.1080/10400419.2014.929433. Larey, T. S. & Paulus, P. B. (1995). Social Comparison and Goal Setting in Brainstorming Groups1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(18): 1579-1596. Larsen, R. J., & Ketelaar, T. (1991). Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(1), 132. Lin, F., Heffner, K. L., Ren, P., Tivarus, M. E., Brasch, J., Chen, D. G., et al. (2016). Cognitive and Neural Effects of Vision‐Based Speed‐of‐Processing Training in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(6), 1293-1298. Marsh, R. L., Landau, J. D. & Hicks, J. L. (1996). How examples may (and may not) constrain creativity. Memory & Cognition, 24: 669–680. Mednick, S. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review, 69(3): 220. Neely, J. H. (1991). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In Besner, D. and Humphreys, G. W. (Ed.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (pp. 264-350). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Nijstad, B. A., De Dreu, C. K. W., Rietzschel E. F. & Baas, M. (2010). The dual pathway to creativity model: Creative ideation as a function of flexibility and persistence. European Review of Social Psychology, 21(1): 34–77. doi:10.1080/10463281003765323 Nijstad, B. A. & Stroebe, W. (2006). How the group affects the mind: A cognitive model of idea generation in groups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3): 186-213. Nijstad, B. A., Stroebe, W. & Lodewijkx, H. F. M. (2002). Cognitive stimulation and interference in groups: Exposure effects in an idea generation task. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38: 535–544. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(02)00500-0. Nijstad, B. A., Stroebe, W. & Lodewijkx, H. F. M. (2003). Production blocking and idea generation: Does blocking interfere with cognitive processes? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39: 531-548. Osborn, A. F. (1957). Applied imagination. New York: Scribner. Paulus, P. B. & Brown, V. (2007). Toward more creative and innovative group idea generation: A cognitive-social-motivational perspective of group brainstorming. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1: 248–265. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00006.x Paulus, P. B. & Dzindolet, M. T. (1993). Social influence processes in group brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4): 575. Paulus, P. B., Nakui, T., Putman, V. L. & Brown, V. R. (2006). Effects of task instructions and brief breaks on brainstorming. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(3): 206. Paulus, P. B., Putman, V. L., Dugosh, K. L., Dzindolet, M. T. & Coskun, H. (2002). Social and cognitive influences in group brainstorming: Predicting production gains and losses. European Review of Social Psychology, 12(1): 299-325. Paulus, P. B. & Yang, H. (2000). Idea generation in groups: A basis for creativity in organizations. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 82: 76–87. doi: 10.1006/obhd.2000.2888 Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. Organization of memory, 1, 381-403. Wegge, J. & Haslam, S. A. (2005). Improving work motivation and performance in brainstorming groups: The effects of three group goal-setting strategies. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14(4): 400-430.
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hamit Coşkun 0000-0002-5509-8717

Öznur Göçmen 0000-0002-9945-5368

Publication Date March 20, 2019
Submission Date June 17, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 21 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Coşkun, H., & Göçmen, Ö. (2019). INDIVIDUAL BRAINSTORMING PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF VELOCITY AND COMPARISON FEEDBACK. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(1), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.322058