AİLE DESTEKLEYİCİSİ İŞ ORTAMININ İŞ TATMİNİ VE İŞTEN AYRILMA EĞİLİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE İŞ-YAŞAM DENGESİNİN ARACI ROLÜ
Year 2021,
Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 1357 - 1380, 30.09.2021
Fatma Çam Kahraman
,
Gönen Dündar
Abstract
Denge pek çok alanda olduğu gibi, iş yaşamında bulunan bireyler açısından da önemlidir. Bir yandan işteki diğer yandan iş dışındaki sorumluluklarını yerine getirmeye çalışan bireyler zaman zaman bu dengeyi kurmakta zorlanmaktadırlar. Dengeyi sağlamada işgörenlerin kendi çabalarının dışında örgütün formal ve informal desteği, bireylerin iş-yaşam dengelerini daha iyi sağlamalarını, dengenin sağlanması da örgütsel sonuçları etkileyebilir. Bu doğrultuda mevcut araştırmada formal ve informal aile destekleyicisi iş ortamının iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma eğilimi üzerindeki etkisinde iş-yaşam dengesinin aracı rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ulusal literatürde rastlanmayan aile destekleyicisi iş ortamının farklı boyutlarıyla bütüncül bir şekilde incelenmesi önemlidir.
İstanbul, Kocaeli ve Kırklareli’de farklı sektörlerde çalışan 300 beyaz ve mavi yakalı işgörenden toplanan verilerin incelenmesi için Hiyerarşik Regresyon Analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda aile destekleyicisi iş ortamının (formal ve informal) iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma eğilimi üzerindeki etkisinde iş-yaşam dengesinin kısmi aracı rolü olduğu saptanmıştır. İş-yaşam dengesinin kısmi aracı rolünün olması, bu modelde farklı değişkenlerin aracı rolünün olabileceğini göstermektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalarda farklı değişkenlerin aracı rolünün incelenmesi alana katkı sağlayacaktır.
References
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- Haar, J. M., & Roche, M. A. (2010). Family supportive organization perceptions and employee outcomes: The mediating effects of life satisfaction. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(7), 999-1014.
- Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Yragui, N. L., Bodner, T. E., & Hanson, G. C. (2009). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Journal of Management, 35(4), 837-856.
- Hill, E. J. (2005). Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family Issues, 26(6), 793-819.
- Hill, E. J., Hawkins, A. J., Ferris, M., & Weitzman, M. (2001). Finding an extra day a week: The positive influence of perceived job flexibility on work and family life balance. Family Relations, 50(1), 49-58.
- Hill, R. T., Matthews, R. A., & Walsh, B. M. (2015). The emergence of family‐specific support constructs: Cross‐level effects of family‐supportive supervision and family‐supportive organization perceptions on individual outcomes. Stress and Health, 32(5), 472-484.
- Holt, H.,& Thaulow, I. (1996). Formal and informal flexibility in the workplace. S. Lewis & J. Lewis (Der.), Work-family challenge: rethinking employment içinde (ss. 79-92). London: Sage Publications.
- Jex, S.M. (2002).Organizational psychology: A scientist-practitioner approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Karatepe, O. M., & Kilic, H. (2007). Relationships of supervisor support and conflicts in the work–family interface with the selected job outcomes of frontline employees. Tourism Management, 28(1), 238-252.
- Kim, K. Y., Eisenberger, R., & Baik, K. (2016). Perceived organizational support and affective organizational commitment: Moderating influence of perceived organizational competence. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(4), 558-583.
- Ko, J., Hur, S., & Smith-Walter, A. (2013). Family-friendly work practices and job satisfaction and organizational performance: Moderating effects of managerial support and performance-oriented management. Public Personnel Management, 42(4), 545-565.
- Kong, H. (2013). Relationships among work-family supportive supervisors, career competencies, and job involvement. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 304-309.
- Kopp, L. R. (2013). The effects of perceived supervisor work-life support on employee work-life balance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Wisconsin, Stout.
- Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T. & Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace social support and work–family conflict: A meta‐analysis clarifying the influence of general and work–family‐specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), 289-313.
- Kraimer, M. L., Seibert, S. E., Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., & Bravo, J. (2011). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational support for development: The critical role of career opportunities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 485-500.
- Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854-1884.
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Swarnalatha, C.,& Rajalashmi, S. (2016). Work-life balance: A new approach. Indian: Laxmi Book Publication.
Thomas, L. T.,& Ganster, D. C. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(1), 6-15.
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- Thompson, C. A.,& Prottas, D. J. (2005). Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 100-118.
- Topgül, S. (2017). Aile dostu politikalar ve iş yaşamının uyumlaştırılması çerçevesinde uygulamaların değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 45-66.
- Tuncel, E. (2000). Moderating effects of conscientiousness, dispositional affect, and collectivism on the job satisfaction-job performance relationship. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173-194.
- Yamaguchi, Y., Inoue, T., Harada, H., & Oike, M. (2016). Job control, work-family balance and nurses’ intention to leave their profession and organization: A comparative cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 64, 52-62.
Year 2021,
Volume: 23 Issue: 3, 1357 - 1380, 30.09.2021
Fatma Çam Kahraman
,
Gönen Dündar
References
- Ahmad, A., & Omar, Z. (2010). Perceived family-supportive work culture, affective commitment and turnover intention of employees. Journal of American Science, 6(12), 839-846.
- Allard, K., Haas, L., & Hwang, C. P. (2011). Family‐supportive organizational culture and fathers' experiences of work–family conflict in Sweden. Gender, Work & Organization, 18(2), 141-157.
- Allen, T. D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(3), 414-435.
- Anderson, S. E., Coffey, B. S., & Byerly, R. T. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787-810.
- Apaydın, Ç. (2011). Öğretim üyelerinin işe bağımlılık düzeyi ile iş-yaşam dengesi ve iş-aile yaşam dengesi arasındaki ilişki. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Arthur, M. M. & Cook, A. (2003). The relationship between work-family human resource practices and firm profitability: A multi-theoretical perspective. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 22, 219-252.
- Aryee, S., Chu, C. W., Kim, T. Y., & Ryu, S. (2013). Family-supportive work environment and employee work behaviors: An investigation of mediating mechanisms. Journal of Management, 39(3), 792-813.
- Bae, K. B., & Goodman, D. (2014). The influence of family-friendly policies on turnover and performance in South Korea. Public Personnel Management, 43(4), 520-542.
- Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
- Baxter, J., & Chesters, J. (2011). Perceptions of work-family balance: how effective are family-friendly policies?. Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 14(2), 139-151.
- Behson, S. J. (2005). The relative contribution of formal and informal organizational work–family support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(3), 487-500.
Bloom, N., Kretschmer, T., & Van Reenen, J. (2011). Are family‐friendly workplace practices a valuable firm resource?. Strategic Management Journal, 32(4), 343-367.
- Bouckenooghe, D., Raja, U., & Butt, A. N. (2013). Combined effects of positive and negative affectivity and job satisfaction on job performance and turnover intentions. The Journal of Psychology, 147(2), 105-123.
- Breaugh, J. A., & Frye, N. K. (2008). Work–family conflict: The importance of family-friendly employment practices and family-supportive supervisors. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22(4), 345-353.
- Caillier, J. G. (2016). Does satisfaction with family-friendly programs reduce turnover? A panel study conducted in US federal agencies. Public Personnel Management, 45(3), 284-307.
- Ceylan, G. (2011). Aile dostu uygulamaların iş-özel yaşam dengesi üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
- Chiang, C. F., & Hsieh, T. S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 180-190.
- Chou, K. L., & Cheung, K. C. K. (2013). Family-friendly policies in the workplace and their effect on work–life conflicts in Hong Kong. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(20), 3872-3885.
- Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
Ezra, M. & Deckman, M. (1996). Balancing work and family responsibilities: Flextime and child care in the federal government. Public Administration Review, 174-179.
- Feierabend, A., Mahler, P., & Staffelbach, B. (2011). Are there spillover effects of a family supportive work environment on employees without childcare responsibilities?. Management Revue, 22(2), 188-209.
- Ferguson, M., Carlson, D., Zivnuska, S., & Whitten, D. (2012). Support at work and home: The path to satisfaction through balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 299-307.
- Fisher-Mcauley, G., Stanton, J., Jolton, J. & Gavin, J. (2003). Modelling the Relationship Between Work Life Balance and Organisational Outcomes. In Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial-Organisational Psychology. Orlando, 1-26, April.
- Fleetwood, S. (2007). Why work–life balance now?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(3), 387-400.
- Foley, S., Linnehan, F., Greenhaus, J. H., & Weer, C. H. (2006). The impact of gender similarity, racial similarity, and work culture on family-supportive supervision. Group & Organization Management, 31(4), 420-441.
- Glynn, C., Steinberg, I., & McCartney, C. (2002). Work-life balance: The role of the manager. Horsham: Roffey Park Institute.
- Greenberger, E., Goldberg, W. A., Hamill, S., O'Neil, R., & Payne, C. K. (1989). Contributions of a supportive work environment to parents' well-being and orientation to work. American Journal of Community Psychology, 17(6), 755-783.
- Greenblatt, E. (2002). Work/life balance: Wisdom or whining. Organizational Dynamics, 31(2), 177-193.
- Greenhaus, J. H., Ziegert, J. C., & Allen, T. D. (2012). When family-supportive supervision matters: Relations between multiple sources of support and work–family balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 266-275.
- Grover, S. L.,& Crooker, K. J. (1995). Who appreciates family‐responsive human resource policies: The impact of family‐friendly policies on the organizational attachment of parents and non‐parents. Personnel Psychology, 48(2), 271-288.
- Grzywacz, J. G.,& Carlson, D. S. (2007). Conceptualizing work—family balance: Implications for practice and research. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9(4), 455-471.
- Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279.
- Haar, J. M., & Roche, M. A. (2010). Family supportive organization perceptions and employee outcomes: The mediating effects of life satisfaction. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(7), 999-1014.
- Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E. E., Yragui, N. L., Bodner, T. E., & Hanson, G. C. (2009). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Journal of Management, 35(4), 837-856.
- Hill, E. J. (2005). Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family Issues, 26(6), 793-819.
- Hill, E. J., Hawkins, A. J., Ferris, M., & Weitzman, M. (2001). Finding an extra day a week: The positive influence of perceived job flexibility on work and family life balance. Family Relations, 50(1), 49-58.
- Hill, R. T., Matthews, R. A., & Walsh, B. M. (2015). The emergence of family‐specific support constructs: Cross‐level effects of family‐supportive supervision and family‐supportive organization perceptions on individual outcomes. Stress and Health, 32(5), 472-484.
- Holt, H.,& Thaulow, I. (1996). Formal and informal flexibility in the workplace. S. Lewis & J. Lewis (Der.), Work-family challenge: rethinking employment içinde (ss. 79-92). London: Sage Publications.
- Jex, S.M. (2002).Organizational psychology: A scientist-practitioner approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Karatepe, O. M., & Kilic, H. (2007). Relationships of supervisor support and conflicts in the work–family interface with the selected job outcomes of frontline employees. Tourism Management, 28(1), 238-252.
- Kim, K. Y., Eisenberger, R., & Baik, K. (2016). Perceived organizational support and affective organizational commitment: Moderating influence of perceived organizational competence. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(4), 558-583.
- Ko, J., Hur, S., & Smith-Walter, A. (2013). Family-friendly work practices and job satisfaction and organizational performance: Moderating effects of managerial support and performance-oriented management. Public Personnel Management, 42(4), 545-565.
- Kong, H. (2013). Relationships among work-family supportive supervisors, career competencies, and job involvement. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 304-309.
- Kopp, L. R. (2013). The effects of perceived supervisor work-life support on employee work-life balance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Wisconsin, Stout.
- Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T. & Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace social support and work–family conflict: A meta‐analysis clarifying the influence of general and work–family‐specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), 289-313.
- Kraimer, M. L., Seibert, S. E., Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., & Bravo, J. (2011). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational support for development: The critical role of career opportunities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 485-500.
- Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854-1884.
- Lee, Y. W., Dai, Y. T., Park, C. G., & McCreary, L. L. (2013). Predicting quality of work life on nurses’ intention to leave. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 45(2), 160-168.
- Lockwood, N. R. (2003). Work/life balance: Challenges and solutions. USA: SHRM Research.
- Maxwell, G. A., & McDougall, M. (2004). Work–life balance: Exploring the connections between levels of influence in the UK public sector. Public Management Review, 6(3), 377-393.
- McCarraher, L. & Daniels, L. (2002). Dengeli yaşam (Ü.Şensoy, Çev.). İstanbul: Optimist.
- McNall, L. A., Nicklin, J. M., & Masuda, A. D. (2010). A meta-analytic review of the consequences associated with work–family enrichment. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(3), 381-396.
- McNamara, T. K., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., Matz-Costa, C., Brown, M., & Valcour, M. (2013). Across the continuum of satisfaction with work–family balance: Work hours, flexibility-fit, and work–family culture. Social Science Research, 42(2), 283-298.
- Rofcanin, Y., Las Heras, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Family supportive supervisor behaviors and organizational culture: Effects on work engagement and performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(2), 207-217.
- Ruderman, M.N.(2005). Connecting theory and practice. E.E. Kossek & S.J. Lambert (Der.), Work and life interaction: Organizational, cultural, and individual perspectives içinde (ss.493-512). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Schwartz, D. B. (1996). The impact of work-family policies on women’s career development: Boon or bust?. Women in Management Review, 11(1), 5-19.
Swarnalatha, C.,& Rajalashmi, S. (2016). Work-life balance: A new approach. Indian: Laxmi Book Publication.
Thomas, L. T.,& Ganster, D. C. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(1), 6-15.
- Thompson, C. A., Beauvais, L. L., & Lyness, K. S. (1999). When work–family benefits are not enough: The influence of work–family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(3), 392-415.
- Thompson, C. A.,& Prottas, D. J. (2005). Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 100-118.
- Topgül, S. (2017). Aile dostu politikalar ve iş yaşamının uyumlaştırılması çerçevesinde uygulamaların değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 45-66.
- Tuncel, E. (2000). Moderating effects of conscientiousness, dispositional affect, and collectivism on the job satisfaction-job performance relationship. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173-194.
- Yamaguchi, Y., Inoue, T., Harada, H., & Oike, M. (2016). Job control, work-family balance and nurses’ intention to leave their profession and organization: A comparative cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 64, 52-62.