Araştırma Makalesi
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MAKSİMİZE ETME EĞİLİMİ İLE KAYIPTAN KAÇINMA, RİSKTEN KAÇINMA, MUTLULUK VE BİLİŞSEL ÖNYARGIYA DÜŞME EĞİLİMİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN CİNSİYETE GÖRE ANALİZİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 676 - 698, 15.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1383131

Öz

Sınırlı rasyonaliteden yola çıkarak ortaya konan maksimize etme-tatmin etme ayrımı Schwartz vd.’nin (2002) çalışmasıyla teorik temellere oturtulmuştur. Literatür incelediğinde konuyla ilgili çalışmaların çoğunlukla ölçek geliştirme çabalarında yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte az sayıda çalışma maksimize etme eğiliminin farklı değişkenlerle ele alınmasını kapsamaktadır. Bu bakımdan, bu çalışma maksimize etme eğilimi ile kayıptan kaçınma, riskten kaçınma, mutluluk ve bilişsel önyargılara düşme eğilimi arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaya yönelik gerçekleştirilmiştir. 272 kişilik örneklemle gerçekleştirilen çalışmada öncelikle maksimize etme eğilimi, kayıptan kaçınma ve riskten kaçınma ölçekleri Türkçe’ye uyarlanmış ve geçerlilik/güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmış, sonrasında ise oluşturulan hipotezler test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, maksimize etme eğiliminin sadece medeni duruma göre farklılık gösterdiği; kayıptan kaçınma, riskten kaçınma, mutluluk ve bilişsel önyargılara düşme eğilimleri ile ilişkilerinin ise cinsiyetler arasında farklılık gösterdiği şeklindedir. Buna göre kadınlarda maksimize etme eğilimi ile kayıptan kaçınma ve riskten kaçınma arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiş olmasına karşılık erkeklerde her iki değişkenle de maksimize etme eğilimi arasında bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Yine kadınlarda maksimize etme eğilimi ile mutluluk ve batık maliyete düşme eğilimi arasında bir ilişki saptanmazken; erkeklerde maksimize etme eğilimi ile mutluluk arasında ve batık maliyete düşme eğilimi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Burada kadın ve erkeklerin maksimize etme eğilimi noktasında motivasyonlarının farklı olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışma, maksimize etme eğilimini bahsi geçen değişkenlerle birlikte ele alan çalışmaya rastlanmaması bakımından özgün değer taşımaktadır. Ayrıca, Maksimizasyon Eğilimi Ölçeği, Kayıptan Kaçınma Ölçeği ve Riskten Kaçınma Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlamalarının ve analizlerinin de ilk kez gerçekleştirilmesi bakımından da önem taşımaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Albaity, M. & Rahman, M. (2012). Behavioural Finance and Malaysian Culture. International Business Research, 5 (11), 65-76
  • Arkes, H. & Blumer, C. (1985). The Psychology of Sunk Cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 35 (1), 124-140.
  • Atak, O. & Kutukız, D. (2021). Davranışsal Finans Eğilimlerinin, Bireysel Yatırımcıların Yatırım Tercihlerine ve Yatırımlarda Yararlandıkları Bilgi Kaynaklarına Göre Karşılaştırılması: Muğla İlindeki Turizm İşletme Yöneticileri Üzerinde Bir Uygulama. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 8 (1), 231-248.
  • Astar, M. & Güriş S., (2014). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda SPSS ile İstatistik. 1.Baskı, İstanbul: DER Yayınları
  • Besharat, A., Ladik, D. M. & Carrillat, F. A. (2014). Are maximizers blind to the future? When today's best does not make for a better tomorrow. Marketing Letters, 25, 77–91.
  • Bland, J. & Altman, D. (1997). Statistics notes: Cronbach's alpha. BMJ, 314 (275), doi: 10.1136/bmj.314.7080.572
  • Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. in K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (p. 136-162), Newbury Park, CA: Sage
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı, (11. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık
  • Byrnes, J.P., Miller, D.C. & Schafer, W.D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125 (3), 367–383. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.367
  • Cheek, N. N. & Schwartz, B. (2016). On the meaning and measurement of maximization. Judgment and Decision Making, 11 (2), 126–146
  • Croson, R. & Gneezy, U. (2009). Gender Differences in Preferences. Journal of Economic Literature, 47 (2), 448-74.
  • Delaney, R., Strough, J., Parker, A.M. & de Bruin, W.B. (2015). Variations in Decision-Making Profiles by Age and Gender: A Cluster-Analytic Approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 85 (1), 19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.034.
  • Dahling, J.J. & Thompson, M.N. (2012). Detrimental Relations of Maximization With Academic and Career Attitudes. Journal of Career Assessment, 21 (2), 278-294
  • Dalal, D. K., Diab, D. L., Zhu, X. S. & Hwang, T. (2015). Understanding the construct of maximizing tendency: A theoretical and empirical evaluation. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 28, 437-450.
  • Demirci, İ. & Ekşi. H. (2018). Keep calm and be happy: A mixed method study from character strengths to well-being. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 18 (29), 303–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.2.0799
  • Diab, D. L., Gillespie, M. A. & Highhouse, S. (2008). Are maximizers really unhappy? The measurement of maximizing tendency. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 364-370.
  • Eckel, C.C. & Grossman, P.J. (2008). Men, Women and Risk Aversion: Experimental Evidence, (Eds. Charles R. Plott ve Vernon L. Smith), Handbook of Experimental Economics Results, Elsevier, 1, 1061-1073, doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0722(07)00113-8.
  • Ehrlinger, J., Readinger, W.O. & Kim, B. (2016). Decision-Making and Cognitive Biases. Encyclopedia of Mental Health, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397045-9.00206-8.
  • Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric methods (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe- yöntem- analiz (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları
  • Hu, L. & Bentler P.M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit ındexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Iyengar, S. S., Wells, R. E. & Schwartz, B. (2006). Doing better but feeling worse. Looking for the “best” job undermines satisfaction. Psychological Science, 17, 143-150.
  • İslamoğlu, A. H. & Alnıaçık, Ü. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (4. Bs.) İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş.
  • Jones, S.R., Carley, S. & Harrison, M.A. (2003). An introduction to power and sample size estimation. Emergency Medicine Journal, 20, 453-458.
  • Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decisions under risk. Econometrika, 47 (2), 263-291.
  • Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values, and frames. American Psychologist, 39, 341-350.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux: NewYork
  • Kahraman-Kılbaş, E.P. & Cevahir F. (2023). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Örneklem Seçimi ve Güç Analizi. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 7 (1), 1-8.
  • Kılıç, S. (2016). Cronbach’ın Alfa Güvenirlik Katsayısı. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6 (1), 47-48.
  • Klaus, F., Chumbley, J.R., Seifritz, E., Kaiser, S. & Hartmann-Riemer, M. (2020). Loss Aversion and Risk Aversion in Non-Clinical Negative Symptoms and Hypomania. Front Psychiatry, 11, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574131.
  • Kline R.B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford Press: New York
  • Korteling, J.E. & Toet, A. (2022). Cognitive Biases, (Ed. Sergio Della Sala) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience (2th Edition). Elsevier, 610-619, doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.24105-9
  • Larsen, J. T. & McKibban, A. R. (2008). Is happiness having what you want, wanting what you have, or both? Psychological Science, 19, 371-377.
  • Lai, L. (2010). Maximizing without difficulty: a modified maximizing scale and its correlates. Judgment and Decision Making, 5, 164-175.
  • Li, j., Chai, L., Nordstorm, O., Tangpong, C., & Hung, K.-T., (2021). Development of a Loss Aversion Scale. Journal of Managerial Issues, 33 (1), 69-89
  • Malhotra, N. K. (2004). Marketing research an applied orientation (4th. Ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall: New Jersey
  • Mandrik, C.A. & Bao, Y. (2005). Exploring the Concept and Measurement of General Risk Aversion, in -Advances in Consumer Research 32, eds. Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao, Duluth, MN: Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 531-539.
  • Mayers, A. (2013). Introduction to statistics and SPSS in psychology. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Misuraca, R., Faraci, P., Gangemi, A., Carmeci, F. A. & Miceli, S. (2015). The Decision Making Tendency Inventory: A new measure to assess maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 111-116.
  • Misuraca, R., Faraci, P., Ruthruff, E. & Ceresia, F. (2021). Are maximizers more normative decision-makers? An experimental investigation of maximizers' susceptibility to cognitive biases. Personality and Individual Differences, 183, 1-6, doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111123
  • Nenkov, G. Y., Morrin, M., Ward, A., Schwartz, B. & Hulland, J. (2008). A short form of the Maximization Scale: Factor structure, reliability and validity studies. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 371-388.
  • Parker, A., De Bruin, W. & Fischhoff, B. (2007). Maximizers versus satisficers: Decision-making styles, competence, and outcomes. Judgment and Decision Making, 2 (6), 342-350.
  • Peng, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Gong, P., Han, B., Sun, H., Cao, F. & Miao, D. (2018). A new look at the impact of maximizing on unhappiness: Two competing mediating effects. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 66.
  • Polman, E. (2010). Why are maximizers less happy than satisficers? Because they maximize positive and negative outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 23, 179-190.
  • Purvis, A., Howell, R. T. & Iyer, R. (2011). Exploring the role of personality in the relationship between maximization and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 370–375
  • Richardson, C.M.E., Ye, H.J., Ege, E., Suh, G. & Rice, K.C. (2014). Refining the measurement of maximization: Gender invariance and relation to psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 229-234.
  • Ronayne, D., Sgroi, D. & Tickwell, A. (2020). Evaluating the Sunk Cost Effect. CAGE Online Working Paper Series 475. Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K. & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8 (2), 23-74.
  • Schwartz, B. (2000). Self determination: The tyranny of freedom. American Psychologist, 55, 79-88.
  • Schwartz, B., Ward, A., Monterosso, J., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K. & Lehman, D. R. (2002). Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83 (5), 1178–1197.
  • Schwartz, B. (2004). The paradox of choice: Why more is less. New York: Harper Perennial
  • Simon, H.A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economic, 69 (1), 99-118.
  • Simon, D., Kriston, L., Loh, A., Spies, C., Scheibler, F., Wills, C. & Harter, M. (2010). Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Recommendations for Improvement of the AutonomyPreference‐Index (API). Health Expectations, 13 (3), 234-243.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: MA: Pearson.
  • Tanius, B. E., Wood, S., Hanoch, Y. & Rice, T. (2009). Aging and choice: Applications to Medicare Part D. Judgment and Decision Making, 4, 92–101.
  • Tovar, P. (2009). The effects of loss aversion on trade policy: Theory and evidence. Journal of International Economics, 78 (1), 154-167
  • Turner, B. R., Rim, H. B., Betz, N. E. & Nygren, T. E. (2012). The Maximization Inventory. Judgment and Decision Making, 7, 48-60.
  • Yiğit, M. & Sezgin, A. (2020). Bilişsel Yansıma ve İsraftan Kaçınma Davranışının Batık Maliyet Yanılgısındaki Rolü, içinde Ekonomik Tercihlere Davranışsal Yaklaşım (Eds.: Neslihan Koç, Mehmet Yiğit, Asena Gizem Yiğit), Ekin Yayınevi: Ankara.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMIZING TENDENCY AND LOSS AVERSION, RISK AVERSION, HAPPINESS AND COGNITIVE BIAS TENDENCY BY GENDER

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 676 - 698, 15.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1383131

Öz

The maximizing-satisfying distinction, which is based on limited rationality, was established on theoretical grounds by Schwartz et al. (2002). When the literature is analysed, it is seen that the studies on the subject are mostly concentrated on scale development efforts. However, few studies have examined the maximizing tendency with different variables. In this respect, this study was conducted to investigate the relationships between maximizing tendency and loss aversion, risk aversion, happiness and tendency to cognitive biases. In the study with a sample of 272 people, firstly, the scales of maximizing tendency, loss aversion and risk aversion were adapted into Turkish and validity/reliability analyses were performed, and then the hypotheses were tested. The findings indicate that the maximizing tendecy differs only according to marital status, whereas the relationships with loss aversion, risk aversion, happiness and tendency to cognitive biases differ between genders. Accordingly, while there is a statistically significant relationship between the maximizing tendency and loss aversion and risk aversion in women, there is no relationship between both variables and the maximizing tendency in men. Again, while there is no relationship between the maximizing tendency and happiness and the tendency to incur sunk costs in women, there is a significant relationship between the maximizing tendency and happiness and the tendency to incur sunk costs in men. Here, it is seen that the motivations of men and women are different in terms of the maximizing tendency. The study has a unique value in terms of the fact that there is no study that deals with the maximizing tendency together with the aforementioned variables. In addition, it is also important in terms of carrying out the Turkish adaptations and analyses of the Maximization Tendency Scale, Loss Aversion Scale and Risk Aversion Scale for the first time.

Kaynakça

  • Albaity, M. & Rahman, M. (2012). Behavioural Finance and Malaysian Culture. International Business Research, 5 (11), 65-76
  • Arkes, H. & Blumer, C. (1985). The Psychology of Sunk Cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 35 (1), 124-140.
  • Atak, O. & Kutukız, D. (2021). Davranışsal Finans Eğilimlerinin, Bireysel Yatırımcıların Yatırım Tercihlerine ve Yatırımlarda Yararlandıkları Bilgi Kaynaklarına Göre Karşılaştırılması: Muğla İlindeki Turizm İşletme Yöneticileri Üzerinde Bir Uygulama. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 8 (1), 231-248.
  • Astar, M. & Güriş S., (2014). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda SPSS ile İstatistik. 1.Baskı, İstanbul: DER Yayınları
  • Besharat, A., Ladik, D. M. & Carrillat, F. A. (2014). Are maximizers blind to the future? When today's best does not make for a better tomorrow. Marketing Letters, 25, 77–91.
  • Bland, J. & Altman, D. (1997). Statistics notes: Cronbach's alpha. BMJ, 314 (275), doi: 10.1136/bmj.314.7080.572
  • Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. in K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (p. 136-162), Newbury Park, CA: Sage
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı, (11. baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık
  • Byrnes, J.P., Miller, D.C. & Schafer, W.D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125 (3), 367–383. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.367
  • Cheek, N. N. & Schwartz, B. (2016). On the meaning and measurement of maximization. Judgment and Decision Making, 11 (2), 126–146
  • Croson, R. & Gneezy, U. (2009). Gender Differences in Preferences. Journal of Economic Literature, 47 (2), 448-74.
  • Delaney, R., Strough, J., Parker, A.M. & de Bruin, W.B. (2015). Variations in Decision-Making Profiles by Age and Gender: A Cluster-Analytic Approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 85 (1), 19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.034.
  • Dahling, J.J. & Thompson, M.N. (2012). Detrimental Relations of Maximization With Academic and Career Attitudes. Journal of Career Assessment, 21 (2), 278-294
  • Dalal, D. K., Diab, D. L., Zhu, X. S. & Hwang, T. (2015). Understanding the construct of maximizing tendency: A theoretical and empirical evaluation. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 28, 437-450.
  • Demirci, İ. & Ekşi. H. (2018). Keep calm and be happy: A mixed method study from character strengths to well-being. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 18 (29), 303–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.2.0799
  • Diab, D. L., Gillespie, M. A. & Highhouse, S. (2008). Are maximizers really unhappy? The measurement of maximizing tendency. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 364-370.
  • Eckel, C.C. & Grossman, P.J. (2008). Men, Women and Risk Aversion: Experimental Evidence, (Eds. Charles R. Plott ve Vernon L. Smith), Handbook of Experimental Economics Results, Elsevier, 1, 1061-1073, doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0722(07)00113-8.
  • Ehrlinger, J., Readinger, W.O. & Kim, B. (2016). Decision-Making and Cognitive Biases. Encyclopedia of Mental Health, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397045-9.00206-8.
  • Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric methods (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe- yöntem- analiz (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları
  • Hu, L. & Bentler P.M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit ındexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Iyengar, S. S., Wells, R. E. & Schwartz, B. (2006). Doing better but feeling worse. Looking for the “best” job undermines satisfaction. Psychological Science, 17, 143-150.
  • İslamoğlu, A. H. & Alnıaçık, Ü. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (4. Bs.) İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş.
  • Jones, S.R., Carley, S. & Harrison, M.A. (2003). An introduction to power and sample size estimation. Emergency Medicine Journal, 20, 453-458.
  • Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decisions under risk. Econometrika, 47 (2), 263-291.
  • Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values, and frames. American Psychologist, 39, 341-350.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux: NewYork
  • Kahraman-Kılbaş, E.P. & Cevahir F. (2023). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Örneklem Seçimi ve Güç Analizi. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 7 (1), 1-8.
  • Kılıç, S. (2016). Cronbach’ın Alfa Güvenirlik Katsayısı. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6 (1), 47-48.
  • Klaus, F., Chumbley, J.R., Seifritz, E., Kaiser, S. & Hartmann-Riemer, M. (2020). Loss Aversion and Risk Aversion in Non-Clinical Negative Symptoms and Hypomania. Front Psychiatry, 11, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574131.
  • Kline R.B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford Press: New York
  • Korteling, J.E. & Toet, A. (2022). Cognitive Biases, (Ed. Sergio Della Sala) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience (2th Edition). Elsevier, 610-619, doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.24105-9
  • Larsen, J. T. & McKibban, A. R. (2008). Is happiness having what you want, wanting what you have, or both? Psychological Science, 19, 371-377.
  • Lai, L. (2010). Maximizing without difficulty: a modified maximizing scale and its correlates. Judgment and Decision Making, 5, 164-175.
  • Li, j., Chai, L., Nordstorm, O., Tangpong, C., & Hung, K.-T., (2021). Development of a Loss Aversion Scale. Journal of Managerial Issues, 33 (1), 69-89
  • Malhotra, N. K. (2004). Marketing research an applied orientation (4th. Ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall: New Jersey
  • Mandrik, C.A. & Bao, Y. (2005). Exploring the Concept and Measurement of General Risk Aversion, in -Advances in Consumer Research 32, eds. Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao, Duluth, MN: Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 531-539.
  • Mayers, A. (2013). Introduction to statistics and SPSS in psychology. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Misuraca, R., Faraci, P., Gangemi, A., Carmeci, F. A. & Miceli, S. (2015). The Decision Making Tendency Inventory: A new measure to assess maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 111-116.
  • Misuraca, R., Faraci, P., Ruthruff, E. & Ceresia, F. (2021). Are maximizers more normative decision-makers? An experimental investigation of maximizers' susceptibility to cognitive biases. Personality and Individual Differences, 183, 1-6, doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111123
  • Nenkov, G. Y., Morrin, M., Ward, A., Schwartz, B. & Hulland, J. (2008). A short form of the Maximization Scale: Factor structure, reliability and validity studies. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 371-388.
  • Parker, A., De Bruin, W. & Fischhoff, B. (2007). Maximizers versus satisficers: Decision-making styles, competence, and outcomes. Judgment and Decision Making, 2 (6), 342-350.
  • Peng, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Gong, P., Han, B., Sun, H., Cao, F. & Miao, D. (2018). A new look at the impact of maximizing on unhappiness: Two competing mediating effects. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 66.
  • Polman, E. (2010). Why are maximizers less happy than satisficers? Because they maximize positive and negative outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 23, 179-190.
  • Purvis, A., Howell, R. T. & Iyer, R. (2011). Exploring the role of personality in the relationship between maximization and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 370–375
  • Richardson, C.M.E., Ye, H.J., Ege, E., Suh, G. & Rice, K.C. (2014). Refining the measurement of maximization: Gender invariance and relation to psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 229-234.
  • Ronayne, D., Sgroi, D. & Tickwell, A. (2020). Evaluating the Sunk Cost Effect. CAGE Online Working Paper Series 475. Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K. & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8 (2), 23-74.
  • Schwartz, B. (2000). Self determination: The tyranny of freedom. American Psychologist, 55, 79-88.
  • Schwartz, B., Ward, A., Monterosso, J., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K. & Lehman, D. R. (2002). Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83 (5), 1178–1197.
  • Schwartz, B. (2004). The paradox of choice: Why more is less. New York: Harper Perennial
  • Simon, H.A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economic, 69 (1), 99-118.
  • Simon, D., Kriston, L., Loh, A., Spies, C., Scheibler, F., Wills, C. & Harter, M. (2010). Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Recommendations for Improvement of the AutonomyPreference‐Index (API). Health Expectations, 13 (3), 234-243.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: MA: Pearson.
  • Tanius, B. E., Wood, S., Hanoch, Y. & Rice, T. (2009). Aging and choice: Applications to Medicare Part D. Judgment and Decision Making, 4, 92–101.
  • Tovar, P. (2009). The effects of loss aversion on trade policy: Theory and evidence. Journal of International Economics, 78 (1), 154-167
  • Turner, B. R., Rim, H. B., Betz, N. E. & Nygren, T. E. (2012). The Maximization Inventory. Judgment and Decision Making, 7, 48-60.
  • Yiğit, M. & Sezgin, A. (2020). Bilişsel Yansıma ve İsraftan Kaçınma Davranışının Batık Maliyet Yanılgısındaki Rolü, içinde Ekonomik Tercihlere Davranışsal Yaklaşım (Eds.: Neslihan Koç, Mehmet Yiğit, Asena Gizem Yiğit), Ekin Yayınevi: Ankara.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mikro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Asena Gizem Yiğit 0000-0002-9791-2211

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 5 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yiğit, A. G. (2024). MAKSİMİZE ETME EĞİLİMİ İLE KAYIPTAN KAÇINMA, RİSKTEN KAÇINMA, MUTLULUK VE BİLİŞSEL ÖNYARGIYA DÜŞME EĞİLİMİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN CİNSİYETE GÖRE ANALİZİ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(2), 676-698. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1383131