DİYARBAKIR HALKI VE YÖNETİCİLERİNİN BOARD MİSYONERLERİNE YAKLAŞIMI (1836-1915)

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 32 (Dicle Üniversitesi'nin 50. Yılına Özel 50 Makale), 495 - 519, 01.03.2023

Gülşen Akkoyun

Öz

Diyarbakır, Anadolu’da tarih boyunca farklı etnik ve dini grupların yaşadığı bir yer olması hasebiyle 19. yüzyılın başından itibaren farklı misyoner grupların hedefi haline gelmiştir. Misyonerlerin Diyarbakır’a yönelmelerindeki temel amaç Hristiyanlığı yaymak olarak görülse de arka planda siyasi ve ekonomik çıkarlar yatmaktaydı. bu gayeyle de ilk olarak 1830 yılında Board misyonerleri olan H.G.O. Mr. Dwight ve Eli Smith Ermeni, Kürt ve Nasturilerin yaşadığı yerlere bu halklar hakkında araştırma yapmak üzere görevlendirilmişlerdir. Yapılan tüm çalışma ve araştırmalar neticesinde 1835 yılında Musul, Diyarbakır ve İran’ın Urmiye bölgesinin oluşturduğu üçgende bir misyonerlik merkezi kurulması kararlaştırılmıştır. Diyarbakır ise Musul’a yönelik faaliyetlerin ikmal üssü olarak düşünülmüştür. Dr. Ashel Grant 1839 yılında çalışmaları daha da genişletmek için Diyarbakır’a geldiğinde halkın batılılara ve misyonerlere karşı tepkinin olduğunu görmüştür. Daha sonra Diyarbakır’a gelen Board misyonerleri Ermeniler arasında Protestanlığı ve ayrılıkçı fikirlerini yaymak için ilk olarak kiliseler daha sonra da okul, dispanser, hastane ve yetimhaneler açmışlardır. Ancak bu kurumlarda yürütülen faaliyetler kimi zaman sakıncalı görülerek Diyarbakır yöneticilerinin tepkisine neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle bazı misyoner ve yerel yardımcılarının bir kısmı sürgün edilmiş, bazıları ise tutuklanmıştır. Yerel yöneticilerin Board misyonerlerine karşı olan tavrı yerel halkın da misyonerlere olan tutumlarını etkilemiş ve zararlı faaliyet yürüten misyonerlerin evleri yağmalanmış, bazı misyoner ve yardımcıları şiddete maruz kalmışlardır. Tüm bunlara rağmen kimi zaman Diyarbakır’daki yerel yöneticilerin misyonerler ile kurmuş oldukları dostane ilişkiler neticesinde Board misyonerleri gerek Diyarbakır’da gerekte çevresinde daha rahat faaliyet gösterme imkânı da bulabilmişlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diyarbakır, Amerika, Board, Misyoner, Sağlık, Eğitim.

Kaynakça

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