Metabolic Syndrome and Related Factors in Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract

Aim: To assess the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with schizophrenia and to determine related socio-demographic features and clinical characteristics. Methods: Fifty-five inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were included. A demographic and clinical data form was completed. The laboratory results were retrieved from the hospital information system. Patients' weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. The diagnosis of MetS was made based on the NCEP ATP III (Adult Treatment Protocol of the National Cholesterol Education Program), ATP III-A (Adapted) and IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria. Results: The prevalence rate of MetS was 38.2% according to the IDF and 25.5% based on ATP III and ATP III-A criteria. The mean age, duration of illness, length of medication use, and time between symptom onset and diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia with MetS (p<0.05). The groups differed significantly in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). Regarding the MetS criteria, there was a significant difference between groups in waist circumference, fasting triglycerides, and fasting HDL levels (p<0.05). Patients with MetS were more frequently treated with depot antipsychotics (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia are at a high risk of MetS. This risk increases with age, a longer duration of illness, extended medication use, and the use of depot antipsychotics. BMI, waist circumference, and lipid profile are the most significant variables in predicting MetS. Since MetS is often asymptomatic, regular monitoring of these parameters and early recognition of MetS are essential.

Keywords

• Schizophrenia
• metabolic syndrome
• body mass index

Şizofreni Tanılı Hastalarda Metabolik Sendrom ve İlişkili Faktörler

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, şizofreni tanısı almış hastalarda metabolik sendrom (MetS) yaygınlığı ile ilişkili sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 55 şizofreni tanılı yatan hasta dahil edildi. Demografik ve klinik veri formu dolduruldu. Laboratuvar sonuçları hastane bilgi sisteminden tarandı. Hastaların boy, kilo, bel çevresi ve kan basıncı ölçümleri yapıldı. MetS tanısı, NCEP ATP III, ATP III-A (uyarlanmış) ve Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu (IDF) ölçütlerine göre koyuldu. Bulgular: MetS yaygınlığı, IDF kriterlerine göre %38,2, ATP III ve ATP III-A kriterlerine göre ise %25,5 olarak bulundu. MetS tanısı alan şizofreni hastalarında ortalama yaş, hastalık süresi, ilaç kullanım süresi ve belirtilerin başlangıcı ile tanı alma arasındaki süre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Gruplar boy, kilo ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) açısından anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştı (p<0.05). MetS ölçütlerinden bel çevresi, açlık trigliserit ve açlık HDL düzeylerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0.05). MetS tanısı alan hastaların depo antipsikotik kullanım oranları daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Sonuç: Şizofreni tanılı hastalar MetS açısından yüksek risk taşımaktadır. Bu riski; artan yaş, uzayan hastalık ve ilaç kullanım süresi ile depo antipsikotik kullanımı artırmaktadır. VKİ, bel çevresi ve lipid profili MetS’nin en belirleyici parametreleri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu parametrelerin düzenli olarak izlenmesi ve erken dönemde tanı koyulması, MetS genellikle asemptomatik seyrettiğinden büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

• Şizofreni
• metabolik sendrom
• vücut kitle indeksi.

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