Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic

Year 2026, Volume: 53 Issue: 1, 191 - 201, 10.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1906481
https://izlik.org/JA29DA54NM

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the state and trait anxiety levels of mothers whose children were referred to a pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic, to identify associated sociodemographic and clinical factors, and to compare these findings with those of mothers of healthy children.
Methods: This prospective, comparative, observational study enrolled 98 mothers whose children were attending the pediatric gastroenterology clinic for the first time, and 101 mothers whose children were healthy and served as controls. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, clinical features, symptom duration and diagnoses. Maternal anxiety levels were assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The diagnostic groups were categorised as organic gastrointestinal disorders, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and malnutrition.
Results: The patient and control groups were comparable in terms of maternal and child age. However, working status and educational level were significantly lower among mothers in the patient group (p < 0.001). Mothers in the patient group had significantly higher STAI-Trait scores (49.2 ± 6.8 vs. 46.3 ± 5.4; p = 0.001). STAI-State scores were higher, though not significantly so (p = 0.114). Among diagnostic subgroups, anxiety levels did not differ significantly. STAI-State scores showed a negative correlation with child age (ρ = −0.349, p < 0.01). Maternal employment was significantly associated with lower state anxiety (B = −4.33, p = 0.037), whereas education was not associated with either anxiety domain. The duration of symptoms did not correlate with any maternal anxiety parameter. Additionally, no significant associations were found between diagnostic category and either state or trait anxiety.
Conclusion: Mothers of children attending pediatric gastroenterology clinics exhibit significantly higher levels of chronic anxiety. Younger child age and an absence of maternal employment were associated with higher situational anxiety. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating routine psychological screening and supportive interventions into pediatric gastroenterology settings.

Ethical Statement

The study was conducted in compliance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the local ethics committee (No: 2021/06-14; 15 June 2021), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.

References

  • 1.Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan & Sadock’sSynopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/ClinicalPsychiatry.12th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer;2022.
  • 2.Özyurt G, Özyurt A, Ozturk T, et al. Evaluation ofmaternal attachment, self-efficacy, levels ofdepression, and anxiety in mothers who have babiesdiagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity.Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2018 Apr;25(2):140-146.
  • 3.Budak MA, Geçkil E. Kronik hastalığı olançocukların annelerinin bakım verme yükü ileanksiyete-depresyon düzeyinin belirlenmesi.Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2020; 3: 391-9.
  • 4.Toros F, Tot Ș, Düzovalı Ö. Kronik hastalığı olançocuklar, anne ve babalarındaki depresyon veanksiyete düzeyleri. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2002; 5 :240-7.
  • 5.Tekeli A, Bodur İ, Öztürk B, et al. Acil ServiseBaşvuran Kronik ve Akut Hastalığı Olan ÇocuklarınAnnelerinde Depresyon ve Anksiyete DüzeylerininKarşılaştırılması. Ankara Eğitim ve AraştırmaHastanesi Tıp Dergisi. April 2022;55(1):39-44.
  • 6.Majewska KA, Stanisławska-Kubiak M, Wiecheć K,et al. Maternal anxiety in relation to growth failureand growth hormone treatment in children.Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Sep 11;99(37):e22147.
  • 7.Hullmann SE, Keller SA, Lynch DO, et al. Phase I ofthe Detecting and Evaluating Childhood Anxiety andDepression Effectively in Subspecialties (DECADES)Study: Development of an Integrated Mental HealthCare Model for Pediatric Gastroenterology. JParticipat Med 2018;10(3):e10655.
  • 8.Kolemen AB, Akyuz E, Toprak A, et al. Evaluationof the parents' anxiety levels before and after thediagnosis of their child with a rare genetic disease:the necessity of psychological support. Orphanet JRare Dis. 2021 Sep 28;16(1):402.
  • 9.Guido A, Marconi E, Peruzzi L, et al. PsychologicalExperiences of Parents of Pediatric Cancer Patientsduring and after COVID-19 Pandemic. Cancers(Basel). 2024 Feb 22;16(5):891.
  • 10.Boonjindasup W, Marchant JM, McElrea MS, et al.Clinical determinants for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of the parents of children with respiratory problems. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Jan;59(1):31-40.
  • 11.Gençler A, Kılıçaslan F. Assessment of CaregiverBurden, Depression and Quality of Life LevelsAmong Mothers of Children with Chronic KidneyDisease. Psychiatry. 2024 Fall;87(3):227-240.
  • 12.Ataş N, Kılıçaslan F. The Effect of Hopelessnesson Depressive Symptoms in Mothers of InfantsHospitalized at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: TheMediating Role of Anxiety. Psychiatry. 2023Fall;86(3):187-199.
  • 13.Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, et al.Breaking the cycle: Psychological and socialdimensions of pediatric functional gastrointestinaldisorders. World J Clin Pediatr. 2025 Jun9;14(2):103323.
  • 14.Guidelines for the Inpatient Treatment ofSeverely Malnourished Children. Geneva: WorldHealth Organization. 2007. Community-BasedManagement of Severe Acute Malnutrition: A JointStatement by the World Health Organization, theWorld Food Programme, the United Nations SystemStanding Committee on Nutrition, and the UnitedNations Children’s Fund.” World HealthOrganization, Geneva; World Food Programme,Rome; United Nations System Standing Committeeon Nutrition, Geneva; United Nations Children’sFund, New York. http://www.DSÖ.int /nutrition/topics /Statement_community_ based_man_sev_acute_mal_eng.pdf.
  • 15.Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manualfor the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto,CA:Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970:23–49.
  • 16.Oner N, Le Compte WA. Handbook of State andTrait Anxiety Inventory. Istanbul: BogaziciUniversity Press; 1983:1–26.
  • 17.Fırat S. Otistik çocukların anne-babalarınındepresyon ve kaygı düzeyleri. Cukurova MedicalJournal 2016;41(3):539-47.
  • 18.Çetin FB, İrdem A, Karbuz A. Çocuk KardiyolojiUzmanına Kardiyak Üfürüm Nedeniyle GönderilenÇocukların Ebeveynlerindeki Anksiyete DüzeyininDeğerlendirilmesi. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2022;12(2):49-56.
  • 19.Evgin D, Erdem E. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olançocukların ebeveynlerinin depresyon düzeyleri vestresle bașa çıkma tarzları. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2017;7: 8-16.
  • 20.Song Z, Huang J, Qiao T, et al. Associationbetween maternal anxiety and children’s problembehaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):11106.
  • 21.Korja R, Ahlqvist‐Björkroth S, Savonlahti E, et al.Relations between maternal attachmentrepresentations, maternal sensitivity and theinfant’s response to separation. Child Dev.2008;79(3):1223–37.
  • 22.Agras WS, Hammer L, McNicholas F. Interactionsbetween mothers and infants: Impact of maternalanxiety. Infant Behav Dev. 2006;29(3):308–15.

Çocuk Gastroenteroloji Polikliniğine Başvuran Annelerde Anksiyete Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2026, Volume: 53 Issue: 1, 191 - 201, 10.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1906481
https://izlik.org/JA29DA54NM

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, çocukları pediatrik gastroenteroloji polikliniğine sevk edilen annelerin durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerini değerlendirmek, ilişkili sosyodemografik ve klinik faktörleri belirlemek ve bu bulguları sağlıklı çocukların anneleriyle karşılaştırmak amaçlandı.
Yöntemler: Bu prospektif, karşılaştırmalı, gözlemsel çalışmaya, çocukları ilk kez pediatrik gastroenteroloji kliniğine başvuran 98 anne ve çocukları sağlıklı olan ve kontrol grubu olarak görev yapan 101 anne katıldı. Demografik özellikler, klinik özellikler, semptom süresi ve tanılar hakkında veriler toplandı. Annelerin kaygı düzeyleri Spielberger Durum-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (STAI) kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Tanı grupları organik gastrointestinal bozukluklar, fonksiyonel gastrointestinal bozukluklar ve malnütrisyon olarak sınıflandırıldı.
Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrol grupları, anne ve çocuk yaşı açısından benzerdi. Ancak hasta grubundaki annelerin çalışma durumu ve eğitim düzeyi anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p < 0.001). Hasta grubunda sürekli kaygı (STAI-T) puanları anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti (49.2 ± 6.8'e karşı 46.3 ± 5.4; p = 0.001). Durumluk kaygı (STAI-S) puanları hasta grubunda daha yüksek olmakla birlikte anlamlı değildi (p = 0.114). Tanısal alt gruplar arasında kaygı düzeyleri yönünden anlamlı fark bulunmadı. STAI-S puanları ile çocuk yaşı arasında negatif korelasyon vardı (ρ = −0.349, p < 0.01). Annenin çalışıyor olması daha düşük durumluk kaygı ile ilişkiliydi (B = −4.33, p = 0.037); eğitim düzeyinin ise kaygı üzerinde etkisi yoktu. Semptom süresi ile anne kaygısı arasında ilişki saptanmadı. Ayrıca tanı kategorisi ile durumluk veya sürekli kaygı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı.
Sonuç: Çocuk gastroenteroloji polikliniğine başvuran çocukların annelerinde kronik kaygı düzeyleri belirgin olarak daha yüksektir. Daha küçük çocuk yaşı ve annenin çalışmıyor olması, artmış durumluk kaygı ile ilişkilidir. Bu sonuçlar, çocuk gastroenterolojisi birimlerinde düzenli psikolojik tarama ve destek hizmetlerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

References

  • 1.Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan & Sadock’sSynopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/ClinicalPsychiatry.12th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer;2022.
  • 2.Özyurt G, Özyurt A, Ozturk T, et al. Evaluation ofmaternal attachment, self-efficacy, levels ofdepression, and anxiety in mothers who have babiesdiagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity.Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2018 Apr;25(2):140-146.
  • 3.Budak MA, Geçkil E. Kronik hastalığı olançocukların annelerinin bakım verme yükü ileanksiyete-depresyon düzeyinin belirlenmesi.Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2020; 3: 391-9.
  • 4.Toros F, Tot Ș, Düzovalı Ö. Kronik hastalığı olançocuklar, anne ve babalarındaki depresyon veanksiyete düzeyleri. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2002; 5 :240-7.
  • 5.Tekeli A, Bodur İ, Öztürk B, et al. Acil ServiseBaşvuran Kronik ve Akut Hastalığı Olan ÇocuklarınAnnelerinde Depresyon ve Anksiyete DüzeylerininKarşılaştırılması. Ankara Eğitim ve AraştırmaHastanesi Tıp Dergisi. April 2022;55(1):39-44.
  • 6.Majewska KA, Stanisławska-Kubiak M, Wiecheć K,et al. Maternal anxiety in relation to growth failureand growth hormone treatment in children.Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Sep 11;99(37):e22147.
  • 7.Hullmann SE, Keller SA, Lynch DO, et al. Phase I ofthe Detecting and Evaluating Childhood Anxiety andDepression Effectively in Subspecialties (DECADES)Study: Development of an Integrated Mental HealthCare Model for Pediatric Gastroenterology. JParticipat Med 2018;10(3):e10655.
  • 8.Kolemen AB, Akyuz E, Toprak A, et al. Evaluationof the parents' anxiety levels before and after thediagnosis of their child with a rare genetic disease:the necessity of psychological support. Orphanet JRare Dis. 2021 Sep 28;16(1):402.
  • 9.Guido A, Marconi E, Peruzzi L, et al. PsychologicalExperiences of Parents of Pediatric Cancer Patientsduring and after COVID-19 Pandemic. Cancers(Basel). 2024 Feb 22;16(5):891.
  • 10.Boonjindasup W, Marchant JM, McElrea MS, et al.Clinical determinants for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of the parents of children with respiratory problems. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Jan;59(1):31-40.
  • 11.Gençler A, Kılıçaslan F. Assessment of CaregiverBurden, Depression and Quality of Life LevelsAmong Mothers of Children with Chronic KidneyDisease. Psychiatry. 2024 Fall;87(3):227-240.
  • 12.Ataş N, Kılıçaslan F. The Effect of Hopelessnesson Depressive Symptoms in Mothers of InfantsHospitalized at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: TheMediating Role of Anxiety. Psychiatry. 2023Fall;86(3):187-199.
  • 13.Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, et al.Breaking the cycle: Psychological and socialdimensions of pediatric functional gastrointestinaldisorders. World J Clin Pediatr. 2025 Jun9;14(2):103323.
  • 14.Guidelines for the Inpatient Treatment ofSeverely Malnourished Children. Geneva: WorldHealth Organization. 2007. Community-BasedManagement of Severe Acute Malnutrition: A JointStatement by the World Health Organization, theWorld Food Programme, the United Nations SystemStanding Committee on Nutrition, and the UnitedNations Children’s Fund.” World HealthOrganization, Geneva; World Food Programme,Rome; United Nations System Standing Committeeon Nutrition, Geneva; United Nations Children’sFund, New York. http://www.DSÖ.int /nutrition/topics /Statement_community_ based_man_sev_acute_mal_eng.pdf.
  • 15.Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manualfor the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto,CA:Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970:23–49.
  • 16.Oner N, Le Compte WA. Handbook of State andTrait Anxiety Inventory. Istanbul: BogaziciUniversity Press; 1983:1–26.
  • 17.Fırat S. Otistik çocukların anne-babalarınındepresyon ve kaygı düzeyleri. Cukurova MedicalJournal 2016;41(3):539-47.
  • 18.Çetin FB, İrdem A, Karbuz A. Çocuk KardiyolojiUzmanına Kardiyak Üfürüm Nedeniyle GönderilenÇocukların Ebeveynlerindeki Anksiyete DüzeyininDeğerlendirilmesi. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2022;12(2):49-56.
  • 19.Evgin D, Erdem E. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olançocukların ebeveynlerinin depresyon düzeyleri vestresle bașa çıkma tarzları. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2017;7: 8-16.
  • 20.Song Z, Huang J, Qiao T, et al. Associationbetween maternal anxiety and children’s problembehaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):11106.
  • 21.Korja R, Ahlqvist‐Björkroth S, Savonlahti E, et al.Relations between maternal attachmentrepresentations, maternal sensitivity and theinfant’s response to separation. Child Dev.2008;79(3):1223–37.
  • 22.Agras WS, Hammer L, McNicholas F. Interactionsbetween mothers and infants: Impact of maternalanxiety. Infant Behav Dev. 2006;29(3):308–15.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration, Medical Education, Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Betül Aksoy

Yeliz Çağan Appak

Gonca Engin Özyurt

Gülşen Özer This is me

Maşallah Baran

Submission Date December 3, 2025
Acceptance Date March 1, 2026
Publication Date March 10, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1906481
IZ https://izlik.org/JA29DA54NM
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 53 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aksoy, B., Çağan Appak, Y., Engin Özyurt, G., Özer, G., & Baran, M. (2026). Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic. Dicle Medical Journal, 53(1), 191-201. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1906481
AMA 1.Aksoy B, Çağan Appak Y, Engin Özyurt G, Özer G, Baran M. Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026;53(1):191-201. doi:10.5798/dicletip.1906481
Chicago Aksoy, Betül, Yeliz Çağan Appak, Gonca Engin Özyurt, Gülşen Özer, and Maşallah Baran. 2026. “Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic”. Dicle Medical Journal 53 (1): 191-201. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1906481.
EndNote Aksoy B, Çağan Appak Y, Engin Özyurt G, Özer G, Baran M (March 1, 2026) Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic. Dicle Medical Journal 53 1 191–201.
IEEE [1]B. Aksoy, Y. Çağan Appak, G. Engin Özyurt, G. Özer, and M. Baran, “Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic”, Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 191–201, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.5798/dicletip.1906481.
ISNAD Aksoy, Betül - Çağan Appak, Yeliz - Engin Özyurt, Gonca - Özer, Gülşen - Baran, Maşallah. “Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic”. Dicle Medical Journal 53/1 (March 1, 2026): 191-201. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1906481.
JAMA 1.Aksoy B, Çağan Appak Y, Engin Özyurt G, Özer G, Baran M. Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026;53:191–201.
MLA Aksoy, Betül, et al. “Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic”. Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 191-0, doi:10.5798/dicletip.1906481.
Vancouver 1.Betül Aksoy, Yeliz Çağan Appak, Gonca Engin Özyurt, Gülşen Özer, Maşallah Baran. Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Associated Factors in Mothers Attending a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026 Mar. 1;53(1):191-20. doi:10.5798/dicletip.1906481