Research Article

Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations

Volume: 53 Number: 3 September 11, 2026
EN TR

Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between orthorexia nervosa tendencies and exercise dependence, including its subdimensions, in male CrossFit athletes, and to investigate how these psychological tendencies are associated with behavioral factors such as smoking status, dietary supplement use, planned meal consumption, and injury history. Methods: This study was conducted using a correlational research design. The sample consisted of 252 male CrossFit athletes actively training in Diyarbakır, selected on a voluntary basis (mean age: 26.92 ± 4.09 years). Data were collected using a personal information form, the ORTO-11 Scale, and the Exercise Dependence Scale. ORTO-11 scores were categorized into quartile groups (Q1–Q4), while exercise dependence was classified as risk, dependent, and high-level dependent groups. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Cramér’s V effect size, and Pearson correlation analysis. The Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was applied to control for multiple comparisons. Results: The findings indicated that the relationship between orthorexia tendencies and exercise dependence is multidimensional and variable-specific. ORTO-11 scores were negatively and weakly correlated with the “Withdrawal of Individual–Social Needs and Conflict” (r = −0.189, p < 0.01) and “Tolerance Development and Passion” (r = −0.152, p < 0.05) subdimensions of exercise dependence. Significant associations were found between orthorexia and exercise dependence groups and smoking behavior, dietary supplement use, and planned meal consumption (p < 0.05). While injury history was significantly associated with orthorexia tendencies, it was not significantly related to exercise dependence levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, orthorexia nervosa tendencies and exercise dependence in male CrossFit athletes may be associated with psychological characteristics, nutrition-related behaviors, and lifestyle factors. The findings suggest that the observed associations between orthorexia tendencies and exercise dependence may vary according to specific behavioral and psychological factors rather than reflecting a simple linear relationship. Therefore, comprehensive and interdisciplinary assessment approaches are recommended for the identification and management of orthorexia and exercise dependence risks in athletic populations.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Dicle University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee (Approval Date: 27.03.2025, Decision No: 897503) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants

Thanks

The author sincerely thank all participants for their valuable contributions to this study. In addition, artificial intelligence tools were used to assist in correcting grammatical errors and improving language fluency during the writing process. However, these tools were used solely as support, and the entire process was conducted under human supervision.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Health Care Administration, Medical Education, Health Services and Systems (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Publication Date

September 11, 2026

Submission Date

February 10, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 53 Number: 3

APA
Gözaçık, Y. (2026). Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations. Dicle Medical Journal, 53(3), 569-583. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.2036176
AMA
1.Gözaçık Y. Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026;53(3):569-583. doi:10.5798/dicletip.2036176
Chicago
Gözaçık, Yusuf. 2026. “Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations”. Dicle Medical Journal 53 (3): 569-83. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.2036176.
EndNote
Gözaçık Y (September 1, 2026) Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations. Dicle Medical Journal 53 3 569–583.
IEEE
[1]Y. Gözaçık, “Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations”, Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 569–583, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.5798/dicletip.2036176.
ISNAD
Gözaçık, Yusuf. “Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations”. Dicle Medical Journal 53/3 (September 1, 2026): 569-583. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.2036176.
JAMA
1.Gözaçık Y. Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026;53:569–583.
MLA
Gözaçık, Yusuf. “Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations”. Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 569-83, doi:10.5798/dicletip.2036176.
Vancouver
1.Yusuf Gözaçık. Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise Dependence in Male CrossFit Athletes: Behavioral and Health-Related Associations. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026 Sep. 1;53(3):569-83. doi:10.5798/dicletip.2036176