Research Article

Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye

Volume: 53 Number: 3 September 11, 2026
  • Gülcan Özomay Baykal *
EN TR

Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye

Abstract

Objective: To characterize clinical phenotypes and laboratory indicators of systemic involvement (gastrointestinal [GI] and renal) in pediatric immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), focusing on purpura distribution, inflammatory markers, and ultrasonography (USG) findings. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 51 children diagnosed with IgAV according to EULAR/PRINTO/PRES 2008 criteria at a tertiary center in Mardin (March 2025–January 2026). Data were analyzed using Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney U tests for continuous variables. Results: Median age was 6.67 years; 54.9% were male. GI and renal involvement occurred in 41.2% and 43.1%, respectively. Widespread rash (33.3%) significantly correlated with GI (p<0.001) and renal (p=0.012) involvement. Trunk (p=0.0067) and upper extremity involvement (GI: p=0.019; renal: p=0.027) were also associated factors. Fecal occult blood (FOB) positivity (21.6%) associated with widespread rash (p=0.0039). USG demonstrated mesenteric lymphadenopathy (66.6%), free fluid (38.1%), bowel wall thickening (23.8%), and intussusception (14.3%). Thrombocytosis (33.3%) was more frequent in renal involvement (63.6% vs 34.5%, p=0.04). Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated with FOB positivity (p=0.01). Steroid use was linked to GI involvement (p=0.017), while ACE inhibitor use was strongly associated with renal involvement and higher spot urine protein/creatinine ratios (p<0.001). Conclusion: In pediatric IgAV, the extent and distribution of purpura—specifically widespread rash and upper extremity involvement—serve as visible phenotypic predictors of systemic complications. Thrombocytosis and elevated CRP provide additional prognostic value, supporting early risk stratification in clinical practice.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

The study protocol adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee of Mardin Artuklu University (Number: 243407).

References

  1. 1.Koçak M, Büyükkaragöz B, Kuraş Can Y, et al. TheEpidemiological, Clinical And Laboratory FeaturesOf 91 Children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura.Abant Medical Journal. 2015;4(2):134–40.
  2. 2.Ağır MA, Güngörer V, Yorulmaz A, Arslan Ş.İmmünglobulin A Vasküliti Tanısı KonulmuşPediyatrik Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi. Journal of General Medicine/Genel Tıp Dergisi. 2021;31(4).
  3. 3.Ozen S, Pistorio A, Iusan SM, et al.EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schönlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 May;69(5):798–806.
  4. 4.Borakay D, Yiğit Ö. Henoch-Schönlein PurpuraliÇocukların Sistem Tutulumlarının KlinikDeğerlendirilmesi. Acta Medica Nicomedia. 2024 Oct27;7(3):252–6.
  5. 5.Reamy B V, Servey JT, Williams PM. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid EvidenceReview. Am Fam Physician [Internet]. 2020 Aug15;102(4):229–33. Available from:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32803924
  6. 6.Akça Ü, Akça G, Nalcıoğlu H, Genç G, Özkaya O.Henoch Schönlein purpuralı hastalardaepidemiyolojik, klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularındeğerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of FamilyPractice. 2020 Jun 15;24(2):87–94.
  7. 7.Yang YH, Yu HH, Chiang BL. The diagnosis andclassification of Henoch-Schönlein purpura: Anupdated review. Vol. 13, Autoimmunity Reviews.Elsevier; 2014. p. 355–8.
  8. 8.Hwang HH, Lim IS, Choi BS, Yi DY. Analysis ofseasonal tendencies in pediatric Henoch–Schönleinpurpura and comparison with outbreak of infectious diseases. Medicine (United States). 2018 Sep1;97(36).

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Health Care Administration, Medical Education, Health Services and Systems (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gülcan Özomay Baykal * This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 11, 2026

Submission Date

January 23, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 53 Number: 3

APA
Özomay Baykal, G. (2026). Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye. Dicle Medical Journal, 53(3), 585-594. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.2036185
AMA
1.Özomay Baykal G. Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026;53(3):585-594. doi:10.5798/dicletip.2036185
Chicago
Özomay Baykal, Gülcan. 2026. “Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated With Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye”. Dicle Medical Journal 53 (3): 585-94. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.2036185.
EndNote
Özomay Baykal G (September 1, 2026) Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye. Dicle Medical Journal 53 3 585–594.
IEEE
[1]G. Özomay Baykal, “Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye”, Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 585–594, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.5798/dicletip.2036185.
ISNAD
Özomay Baykal, Gülcan. “Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated With Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye”. Dicle Medical Journal 53/3 (September 1, 2026): 585-594. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.2036185.
JAMA
1.Özomay Baykal G. Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026;53:585–594.
MLA
Özomay Baykal, Gülcan. “Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated With Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye”. Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 585-94, doi:10.5798/dicletip.2036185.
Vancouver
1.Gülcan Özomay Baykal. Clinical Phenotypes and Factors Associated with Systemic Involvement in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Single-Center Study from Southeastern Türkiye. Dicle Medical Journal. 2026 Sep. 1;53(3):585-94. doi:10.5798/dicletip.2036185