Diabetes Mellitus ve Epigenetik Mekanizmalar

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), insülin eksikliği veya insülin reseptör direnci kaynaklı ve hiperglisemi ile karakterize önemli bir metabolik bozukluktur. Dünya çapında görülme sıklığı giderek artmakta olan DM, sebep olduğu komplikasyonlar ile yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bunun yanında yüksek tedavi maliyetleriyle ülkelere ciddi ekonomik yükler getirmektedir. Epigenetik, geri dönüşümlü çeşitli modifikasyonlar sayesinde DNA dizisi değişmeden gen ifadesinin değişikliğe uğramasını ifade eder. Çevresel faktörlerden kolaylıkla etkilenebilen bu epigenetik modifikasyonlardaki anormal değişimler başta kanser ve nörodejeneratif bozukluklar olmak üzere birçok hastalıkla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, epigenetik modifikasyonların en önemlilerinden olan DNA ve RNA metilasyonunun DM ve komplikasyonları ile ilişkisi özetlenecektir.

Keywords

• Diabetes Mellitus, Epigenetik, DNA metilasyonu

Diabetes Mellitus and Epigenetic Mechanisms

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an important disease caused by insulin deficiency or insulin receptor resistance and characterized by hyperglycemia. The prevalence rate of DM is increasing rapidly worldwide and its associated complications affect the quality of life of patients adverse­ly. In addition, high medical costs for its treatment bring significant economic load on countries. Epigenetics is the reversible modifications on the genome, which lead to changes in gene expression without any alteration in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications can easily be affected by environmental factors and abnormalities in these modifications have been linked to many diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will summarize the relationship of DM and its complications with DNA and RNA methylation, which are among the most important modifications.

Keywords

• Diabetes Mellitus, Epigenetics, DNA methylation

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