Objective: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most important neurotrophin, which helps the differentiation and growth of central and peripheral neurons, and facilitates synaptic transmission. In this study we aimed to investigate fetal cord BDNF levels of infants born from subclinical and clinical maternal hypothyroidism. Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 67 pregnant women who were followed up in Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinics, 27 with maternal hypothyroidism and 40 age-parity matched healthy pregnants without hypothyroidism. Immediately after vaginal or cesarean delivery fetal cord blood samples were taken from these patients and BDNF levels were measured. Results: BDNF levels of infants born from pregnants with maternal hypothyroidism were significantly lower than the control group (23.3 ± 17.4 ng/dl and 50.7 ± 28.3 ng/dl respectively; p<0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, while BDNF level was related with maternal hypothyroidism and infant sex, it was not associated with mode of delivery, maternal age, total weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age at birth, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and other neonatal data. Conclusion: This study showed that fetal cord BDNF levels significantly decreased in infants of the pregnants with hypothyroidism. Key words: Pregnancy, maternal hypothyroidism, brain derived neurotrophic factor, levothyroxine
Abalovich M, Amino N, Barbour LA, et al. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2007;92:S1-47.
Kıskaç M, Helvacı A, Zorlu M, et al. Subklinik hipotiroidili hastalardaki QT dispersiyonunun ötiroid hastalarla karşılaştırılması.
Dicle Tıp Derg 2010;37:129-133.
Burrow GN, Fisher DA, Larsen PR. Maternal and fetal thyroid
function. New Engl J Med 1994;331:1072-1078.
Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, et al. Guidelines
of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. 2011;21:1081-1125.
Wilson KL, Casey BM, McIntire DD, et al. Subclinical thyroid
disease and the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetr Gynecol 2012;119:315-320.
Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism
and pregnancy outcomes. Obstetr Gynecol 2005;105:239-245.
Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, et al. Maternal thyroid
deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological
development of the child. New Engl J Med 1999;341:549-555.
Li Y, Shan Z, Teng W, et al. Abnormalities of maternal thyroid
function during pregnancy affect neuropsychological development of their children at 25-30 months. Clin Endocrinol 2010;72:825-829.
Huang EJ, Reichardt LF. Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal
development and function. Ann Rev Neurosci 2001;24:677-736.
Yamada K, Nabeshima T. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB signaling in memory processes. J Pharmacol Sci 2003;91:267-270.
Williams GR. Neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 2008;20:784-794.
Henrichs J, Bongers-Schokking JJ, Schenk JJ, et al. Maternal
thyroid function during early pregnancy and cognitive functioning in early childhood: the generation R study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:4227-4234.
Tekin YB, Güven ESG. Gebelikte tiroid hastalıkları ve neonatal sonuçları. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Derg 2014;11:150-153.
Flock A, Weber SK, Ferrari N, et al. Determinants of brainderived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in umbilical cord and maternal serum. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:191-197.
Year 2016,
Volume: 43 Issue: 1, 107 - 111, 01.03.2016
Abalovich M, Amino N, Barbour LA, et al. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2007;92:S1-47.
Kıskaç M, Helvacı A, Zorlu M, et al. Subklinik hipotiroidili hastalardaki QT dispersiyonunun ötiroid hastalarla karşılaştırılması.
Dicle Tıp Derg 2010;37:129-133.
Burrow GN, Fisher DA, Larsen PR. Maternal and fetal thyroid
function. New Engl J Med 1994;331:1072-1078.
Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, et al. Guidelines
of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. 2011;21:1081-1125.
Wilson KL, Casey BM, McIntire DD, et al. Subclinical thyroid
disease and the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetr Gynecol 2012;119:315-320.
Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism
and pregnancy outcomes. Obstetr Gynecol 2005;105:239-245.
Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, et al. Maternal thyroid
deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological
development of the child. New Engl J Med 1999;341:549-555.
Li Y, Shan Z, Teng W, et al. Abnormalities of maternal thyroid
function during pregnancy affect neuropsychological development of their children at 25-30 months. Clin Endocrinol 2010;72:825-829.
Huang EJ, Reichardt LF. Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal
development and function. Ann Rev Neurosci 2001;24:677-736.
Yamada K, Nabeshima T. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB signaling in memory processes. J Pharmacol Sci 2003;91:267-270.
Williams GR. Neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 2008;20:784-794.
Henrichs J, Bongers-Schokking JJ, Schenk JJ, et al. Maternal
thyroid function during early pregnancy and cognitive functioning in early childhood: the generation R study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:4227-4234.
Tekin YB, Güven ESG. Gebelikte tiroid hastalıkları ve neonatal sonuçları. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Derg 2014;11:150-153.
Flock A, Weber SK, Ferrari N, et al. Determinants of brainderived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in umbilical cord and maternal serum. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:191-197.
Alptekin, H., Alptekin, N., Işık, H., Tanrıkulu, Y., et al. (2016). The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels. Dicle Medical Journal, 43(1), 107-111. https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0647
AMA
Alptekin H, Alptekin N, Işık H, Tanrıkulu Y, Şahin E. The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels. diclemedj. March 2016;43(1):107-111. doi:10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0647
Chicago
Alptekin, Hüsnü, Nazife Alptekin, Hatice Işık, Yusuf Tanrıkulu, and Emel Şahin. “The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels”. Dicle Medical Journal 43, no. 1 (March 2016): 107-11. https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0647.
EndNote
Alptekin H, Alptekin N, Işık H, Tanrıkulu Y, Şahin E (March 1, 2016) The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels. Dicle Medical Journal 43 1 107–111.
IEEE
H. Alptekin, N. Alptekin, H. Işık, Y. Tanrıkulu, and E. Şahin, “The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels”, diclemedj, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 107–111, 2016, doi: 10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0647.
ISNAD
Alptekin, Hüsnü et al. “The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels”. Dicle Medical Journal 43/1 (March 2016), 107-111. https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0647.
JAMA
Alptekin H, Alptekin N, Işık H, Tanrıkulu Y, Şahin E. The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels. diclemedj. 2016;43:107–111.
MLA
Alptekin, Hüsnü et al. “The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels”. Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 43, no. 1, 2016, pp. 107-11, doi:10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0647.
Vancouver
Alptekin H, Alptekin N, Işık H, Tanrıkulu Y, Şahin E. The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on Fetal Umbilical Cord Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels. diclemedj. 2016;43(1):107-11.