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Sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of psychiatric disorders in Turkish pilgrims attending psychiatric outpatient clinics during Hajj

Year 2010, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 8 - 15, 01.03.2010

Abstract

Objectives: The psychiatric problems of pilgrims from non-Arabic speaking countries have not been investigated sufficiently. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of psychiatric disorders and socio-demographic characteristics of Turkish pilgrims in psychiatry department of Turkish Mecca Hospital. Methods: A detailed psychiatric interview was performed on 294 Turkish Pilgrims who attended the outpatient clinic of the psychiatric unit at the Turkish hospital in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, during 2008 Hajj period. Information was collected by using a semi-structured form and the patients\' diagnoses were done according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Results: The study group consisted of 175 women (59.5 %) and 119 men (40.5 %) with the mean age of 53.0±13 years. A total of 71 % patients had not traveled abroad previously, and 60% had received a former psychiatric treatment. The commonest disorders were found as depression (26.5%), adjustment disorder with anxiety (16.3%) and panic disorder (14%) in the patients. Anxiety disorders alone or co-morbid with any other psychiatric disorder were found in 49% of the patients. Nine percent of the patients had symptoms of acute psychosis, schizophrenia, dementia or mania which could prevent pilgrims from performing Hajj rituals. Suicide attempt, alcohol and illicit drug use were not detected. Conclusions: Previous psychiatric admission and absence of any foreign travel experience were common among Turkish pilgrims who had sought psychiatric help during the Hajj. Psychiatric disorders seems to be related with older age, low educational level, and having previous medical and psychiatric problems.

References

  • http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/turkish/dy/Diyanet-Isleri-Baskan- ligi-Duyuru-382.aspx
  • http://www.nethabercilik.com/haber/mekkede-bir-turk-has- tanesi.htm
  • Balkhy HH, Memish ZA, Bafaqeer S, Almuneef MA. Influ- enza a common viral infection among Hajj pilgrims: time for routine surveillance and vaccination. J Travel Med 2004;11:82-86.
  • Al-Ghamdi SM, Akbar HO, Qari YA, Fathaldin OA, Al- Rashed RS. Pattern of admission to hospitals during mus- lim pilgrimage (Hajj). Saudi Med J 2003;24:1073-1076.
  • http://www.dmi.gov.tr/tahmin/turkiye.aspx (1 December 2008).
  • Noweir MH, Bafail AO, Jomoah IM. Study of heat expo- sure during Hajj (pilgrimage). Environ Monit Assess 2008;147:279-295.
  • Gatrad AR, Sheikh A. Hajj: journey of a lifetime. BMJ 2005; 330:133–137.
  • Lack LC, Gradisar M, Van Someren EJ, Wright HR, Lush- ington K. The relationship between insomnia and body temperatures. Sleep Med Rev 2008;12:307-317.
  • Ahmed QA, Arabi YM, Memish ZA. Health risks at the Hajj. Lancet 2006, 25;367:1008-1015.
  • Khan NA, Ishag AM, Ahmad MS, El-Sayed FM, Bachal ZA, Abbas TG. Pattern of medical diseases and determi- nants of prognosis of hospitalization during 2005 Muslim pilgrimage Hajj in a tertiary care hospital. Saudi Med J 2006; 27:1373-1380.
  • Meysamie A, Ardakani HZ, Razavi SM, Doroodi T. Com- parison of mortality and morbidity rates among Iranian pil- grims in Hajj 2004 and 2005. Saudi Med J 2006;27:1049- 1053.
  • Masood K, Gazzaz ZJ, Ismail K, Dhafar KO, Kamal A. Pat- tern of psychiatry morbidity during Hajj period at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital. Int J Psychiatry Med 2007;37:163- 172.
  • Archives of Turkish Mecca Hospital, 2007-2008.
  • Andrade L, Caraveo-Anduaga JJ, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2003;12:3-21.
  • Kaplan H, Sadock B. Pocked handbook of clinical psychia- try. Second edition, William&Wilkins, Baltimore, Mary- land, 1996, USA.
  • http://www.timeturk.com/Kad%C4%B1n-hac%C4%B1- adaylar%C4%B1-erkekleri-sollad%C4%B1_68605- haberi.html
  • Arne M, Janson C, Boman G, Lindqvist U, Berne C, Emt- ner M. Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Scand J Prim Health Care 2009; 27:141-147.
  • Robjant K, Robbins I, Senior V. Psychological distress amongst immigration detainees: a cross-sectional question- naire study. Br J Clin Psychol 2009; 48:275-286.
  • Reilly T, Waterhouse J, Edwards B. Some chronobiological and physiological problems associated with long-distance journeys. Travel Med Infect Dis 2009; 7:88-101.
  • Eytan A, Loutan L. Travel and psychiatric problems. Rev Med Suisse 2006;2:1251-1255.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA): Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC, 2000.
  • Ohayon MM, Lemoine P. Encephale. Sleep and insomnia markers in the general population. 2004; 30:135-140.
  • Makhlouf MM, Ayoub AI, Abdel-Fattah MM. Insomnia symptoms and their correlates among the elderly in geriat- ric homes in Alexandria, Egypt. Sleep Breath 2007;11:187- 194.
  • Özen S, Özkan M, Sır A, Özbulut O, Altındağ A. Anxiety disorders and depressive disorders with somatization pa- tients. 3P Derg 1999;7:116-124.
  • Bekker MH, van Mens-Verhulst J. Anxiety disorders: sex differences in prevalence, degree, and background, but gender-neutral treatment. Gend Med 2007;4 Suppl B:S178- 193.
  • Ventura J, Nuechterlein KH, Subotnik KL, Hardesty JP, Mintz J. Life events can trigger depressive exacerbation in the early course of schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 2000;109:139-144.
  • Scocco P, Barbieri I, Frank E. Interpersonal problem areas and onset of panic disorder. Psychopathology 2007;40:8- 13.
  • Sandanger I, Nygard JF, Sorensen T, Moum T. Is women’s mental health more susceptible than men’s to the influence of surrounding stress? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004;39:177-184.
  • Almawi W, Tamim H, Al-Sayed N, et al. Association of co- morbid depression, anxiety, and stress disorders with Type 2 diabetes in Bahrain, a country with a very high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2008;31:1020- 1024.
  • Andersen UA, Andersen M, Rosholm JU, Gram LF. Psy- chopharmacological treatment and psychiatric morbidity in 390 cases of suicide with special focus on affective disor- ders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001;104:458-65.
  • Szanto K, Gildengers A, Mulsant BH, Brown G, Alexopou- los GS, Reynolds CF 3rd. Identification of suicidal ideation and prevention of suicidal behavior in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2002;19:11-24.
  • Ozen S, Guloglu C. Depressive symptom differences be- tween adolescents and youths suicide attempted with drugs. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2003;4:159-166.
  • Global adult tobacco survey, 2008. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=4044, (8 May 2009).
  • McEvoy PM, Shand F. The effect of comorbid substance use disorders on treatment outcome for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord 2008;22:1087-1098.
  • Rinfrette ES. Treatment of anxiety, depression, and alcohol disorders in the elderly: social work collaboration in pri- mary care. J Evid Based Soc Work 2009;6:79-91.
  • Unal A. Alcohol (5:90-93). The QUR’ĀN with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English. Caglayan A.S., Izmir, Turkey, 2006.
  • http://nkg.die.gov.tr (10 March 2009).

Hac süresince psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında sosyodemografik özellikler ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı

Year 2010, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 8 - 15, 01.03.2010

Abstract

Amaç: Arapça konuşmayan ülkelerden gelen hacıların psikiyatrik sorunları yeterince incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Mekke Türk Hastanesine başvuran hacılarda rastlanan psikiyatrik bozuklukların sıklığını ve hastaların sosyodemografik özelliklerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve yöntem: Suudi Arabistan\'daki Mekke kentinde bulunan Mekke Türk Hastanesi psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran 294 hasta ile psikiyatrik açıdan detaylı görüşme yapıldı. Hasta bilgileri yarı yapılandırılmış bir form yardımıyla elde edildi ve tanılar DSM-IV-TR kriterlerine göre kondu. Bulgular: Hastalar toplam 175 kadın (%59.5), 119 erkekten (%40.5) oluştu ve yaş ortalaması 53.0±13 yıl idi. Hastaların yaklaşık %71\'i daha önce hiç yurtdışına çıkmamıştı ve %60\'ı daha önce en az bir kez psikiyatrik tedavi görmüştü. Hastalarda saptanan en yaygın bozukluklar şunlardı; depresyon (%26.5), anksiyeteli uyum bozukluğu (%16.3), panik bozukluk (%14). Hastaların %49\'unda tek başına ya da komorbidite şeklinde herhangi bir anksiyete bozukluğu bulunmaktaydı. Hastaların %9\'una akut psikoz, şizofreni, demans ya da mani tanısı kondu ki, bu tablolar hacıların hac gereklerini yerine getirmesine engel olabilir özellikte idi. İntihar girişimi, alkol ve madde kullanımı herhangi bir hastada saptanmadı. Sonuç: Hac sürecinde psikiyatrik yardım arayan Türk hacıları arasında daha önce psikiyatrik tedavi görme ve yurt dışında bulunmama öyküsü yaygındı. Psikiyatrik bozukluklar ileri yaş, düşük eğitim düzeyi ve daha önce fiziksel ve psikiyatrik bir problemi olma ile yakından ilişkili bulundu.

References

  • http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/turkish/dy/Diyanet-Isleri-Baskan- ligi-Duyuru-382.aspx
  • http://www.nethabercilik.com/haber/mekkede-bir-turk-has- tanesi.htm
  • Balkhy HH, Memish ZA, Bafaqeer S, Almuneef MA. Influ- enza a common viral infection among Hajj pilgrims: time for routine surveillance and vaccination. J Travel Med 2004;11:82-86.
  • Al-Ghamdi SM, Akbar HO, Qari YA, Fathaldin OA, Al- Rashed RS. Pattern of admission to hospitals during mus- lim pilgrimage (Hajj). Saudi Med J 2003;24:1073-1076.
  • http://www.dmi.gov.tr/tahmin/turkiye.aspx (1 December 2008).
  • Noweir MH, Bafail AO, Jomoah IM. Study of heat expo- sure during Hajj (pilgrimage). Environ Monit Assess 2008;147:279-295.
  • Gatrad AR, Sheikh A. Hajj: journey of a lifetime. BMJ 2005; 330:133–137.
  • Lack LC, Gradisar M, Van Someren EJ, Wright HR, Lush- ington K. The relationship between insomnia and body temperatures. Sleep Med Rev 2008;12:307-317.
  • Ahmed QA, Arabi YM, Memish ZA. Health risks at the Hajj. Lancet 2006, 25;367:1008-1015.
  • Khan NA, Ishag AM, Ahmad MS, El-Sayed FM, Bachal ZA, Abbas TG. Pattern of medical diseases and determi- nants of prognosis of hospitalization during 2005 Muslim pilgrimage Hajj in a tertiary care hospital. Saudi Med J 2006; 27:1373-1380.
  • Meysamie A, Ardakani HZ, Razavi SM, Doroodi T. Com- parison of mortality and morbidity rates among Iranian pil- grims in Hajj 2004 and 2005. Saudi Med J 2006;27:1049- 1053.
  • Masood K, Gazzaz ZJ, Ismail K, Dhafar KO, Kamal A. Pat- tern of psychiatry morbidity during Hajj period at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital. Int J Psychiatry Med 2007;37:163- 172.
  • Archives of Turkish Mecca Hospital, 2007-2008.
  • Andrade L, Caraveo-Anduaga JJ, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2003;12:3-21.
  • Kaplan H, Sadock B. Pocked handbook of clinical psychia- try. Second edition, William&Wilkins, Baltimore, Mary- land, 1996, USA.
  • http://www.timeturk.com/Kad%C4%B1n-hac%C4%B1- adaylar%C4%B1-erkekleri-sollad%C4%B1_68605- haberi.html
  • Arne M, Janson C, Boman G, Lindqvist U, Berne C, Emt- ner M. Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Scand J Prim Health Care 2009; 27:141-147.
  • Robjant K, Robbins I, Senior V. Psychological distress amongst immigration detainees: a cross-sectional question- naire study. Br J Clin Psychol 2009; 48:275-286.
  • Reilly T, Waterhouse J, Edwards B. Some chronobiological and physiological problems associated with long-distance journeys. Travel Med Infect Dis 2009; 7:88-101.
  • Eytan A, Loutan L. Travel and psychiatric problems. Rev Med Suisse 2006;2:1251-1255.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA): Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC, 2000.
  • Ohayon MM, Lemoine P. Encephale. Sleep and insomnia markers in the general population. 2004; 30:135-140.
  • Makhlouf MM, Ayoub AI, Abdel-Fattah MM. Insomnia symptoms and their correlates among the elderly in geriat- ric homes in Alexandria, Egypt. Sleep Breath 2007;11:187- 194.
  • Özen S, Özkan M, Sır A, Özbulut O, Altındağ A. Anxiety disorders and depressive disorders with somatization pa- tients. 3P Derg 1999;7:116-124.
  • Bekker MH, van Mens-Verhulst J. Anxiety disorders: sex differences in prevalence, degree, and background, but gender-neutral treatment. Gend Med 2007;4 Suppl B:S178- 193.
  • Ventura J, Nuechterlein KH, Subotnik KL, Hardesty JP, Mintz J. Life events can trigger depressive exacerbation in the early course of schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 2000;109:139-144.
  • Scocco P, Barbieri I, Frank E. Interpersonal problem areas and onset of panic disorder. Psychopathology 2007;40:8- 13.
  • Sandanger I, Nygard JF, Sorensen T, Moum T. Is women’s mental health more susceptible than men’s to the influence of surrounding stress? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004;39:177-184.
  • Almawi W, Tamim H, Al-Sayed N, et al. Association of co- morbid depression, anxiety, and stress disorders with Type 2 diabetes in Bahrain, a country with a very high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2008;31:1020- 1024.
  • Andersen UA, Andersen M, Rosholm JU, Gram LF. Psy- chopharmacological treatment and psychiatric morbidity in 390 cases of suicide with special focus on affective disor- ders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001;104:458-65.
  • Szanto K, Gildengers A, Mulsant BH, Brown G, Alexopou- los GS, Reynolds CF 3rd. Identification of suicidal ideation and prevention of suicidal behavior in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2002;19:11-24.
  • Ozen S, Guloglu C. Depressive symptom differences be- tween adolescents and youths suicide attempted with drugs. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2003;4:159-166.
  • Global adult tobacco survey, 2008. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=4044, (8 May 2009).
  • McEvoy PM, Shand F. The effect of comorbid substance use disorders on treatment outcome for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord 2008;22:1087-1098.
  • Rinfrette ES. Treatment of anxiety, depression, and alcohol disorders in the elderly: social work collaboration in pri- mary care. J Evid Based Soc Work 2009;6:79-91.
  • Unal A. Alcohol (5:90-93). The QUR’ĀN with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English. Caglayan A.S., Izmir, Turkey, 2006.
  • http://nkg.die.gov.tr (10 March 2009).
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Şakir Özen This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2010
Submission Date March 2, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 37 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özen, Ş. (2010). Hac süresince psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında sosyodemografik özellikler ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 37(1), 8-15.
AMA Özen Ş. Hac süresince psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında sosyodemografik özellikler ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı. diclemedj. March 2010;37(1):8-15.
Chicago Özen, Şakir. “Hac süresince Psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında Sosyodemografik özellikler Ve Psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 37, no. 1 (March 2010): 8-15.
EndNote Özen Ş (March 1, 2010) Hac süresince psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında sosyodemografik özellikler ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 37 1 8–15.
IEEE Ş. Özen, “Hac süresince psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında sosyodemografik özellikler ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı”, diclemedj, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 8–15, 2010.
ISNAD Özen, Şakir. “Hac süresince Psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında Sosyodemografik özellikler Ve Psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 37/1 (March 2010), 8-15.
JAMA Özen Ş. Hac süresince psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında sosyodemografik özellikler ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı. diclemedj. 2010;37:8–15.
MLA Özen, Şakir. “Hac süresince Psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında Sosyodemografik özellikler Ve Psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, vol. 37, no. 1, 2010, pp. 8-15.
Vancouver Özen Ş. Hac süresince psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran Türk hacılarında sosyodemografik özellikler ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların sıklığı. diclemedj. 2010;37(1):8-15.