Yaşlı metastatik mide kanserli hastalarda tek başına oral kapesitabin ile platin kombinasyonlarının karşılaştırılması

Year 2019, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 567 - 573, 16.09.2019

Serkan Değirmencioğlu , Olçun Ümit Ünal Esin Oktay

https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.550235

Abstract

Amaç: Mide kanseri, kanser kaynaklı ölümlerin önemli
bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Tüm mide
kanseri olgularının yarısından fazlası 70 yaş üzerinde olmasına rağmen yaşlı
kanser hastalar kemoterapi etkinliğinin değerlendirildiği prospektif
çalışmalarda kendilerine yer bulamamaktadırlar. Biz
bu çalışmada iki onkoloji merkezindeki geriyatrik gastrik kanserli hastalarda
kapesitabin bazlı kemoterapilerin etkinliğini ve uygulanabilirliğini
araştırmayı amaçladık.

Materyal-metod:   Çalışmaya iki merkezden metastatik mide
kanseri tanısı ile 2012- 2017 yılları arasında kemoterapi alan 65 yaş üzeri
hastalar alındı. Hasta dosyaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar
Amerikan Kanser Komitesi evrelendirme sistemi ve performans statusu Dünya
Sağlık Örgütü skalasına göre değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 81 hastada
ortalama yaş 74 idi. Erkek cinsiyet ve adenokarsinom histolojik tip daha yüksek
orandaydı. Hastaların çoğunluğuna kapesitabin-sisplatin kemoterapisi
verilmişti. Hastaların ortalama takip süresi 42 aydır. Kapesitabin-sisplatin,
kapesitabin-okzaliplatin, kapesitabin 
kemoterapisi alan grupların median tüm sağ kalım sırasıyla 8 ay, 10,7 ay
ve 8,9 ay olarak saptandı, arada istatistiksel fark bulunmadı (p=0,467). Tüm
hastaların median tüm sağ kalım 8,7 bulundu.
Kemoterapi alt grupları aralarındaki progresyonsuz sağ kalım farkı
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir (p=0,59). En sık yan etki anemi olarak
saptandı. Grad 3-4 yan etkiler kollar arası benzerdi (p=0,725). Çok değişkenli
analizde metastatik bölge sayısı ile mortalite riski istatistiksel anlamlı
artış göstermiştir (p=0,001). Kemoterapi protokolleri ile mortalite riski arası
ilişki yoktur (p=0,472). Kemoterapiden bağımsız olarak stomatit, bulantı-kusma,
nöropati, nötropenik ateş ve nefrotoksisite yan etkileri mortalite riski ile
istatistiksel anlamlı ilişki içindedir (sırasıyla p=0,045, p=0,047, p=0,036,
p=0,02 ve p=0,049).

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda evre IV mide kanserli olgularda 8,7 ay
tüm sağ kalıma ulaşılmıştır. Kemoterapi alt gruplarında ise hem yan etki hem de sağ
kalımlar açısından anlamlı fark
yoktur.  Stomatit, bulantı-kusma, nötropenik ateş, nefrotoksisite
ve nöropati yan etkilerinin mortalite riskini arttırması, geriyatrik olgularda
özellikle ağız bakımı, uygun antiemetik tedavi uygulanması, böbrek fonksiyon
testlerininin sıkı takibi ve yeterli hidrasyon, enfeksiyon açısından koruyucu
bariyer tedbirler ve nöropati ilişkili kronik hastalıkların etkin tedavisinin
en az kemoterapi uygulanması kadar önem taşıdığını göstermiştir.  

Keywords

Mide kanseri, kapesitabin, yaşlı

Comparison of oral capecitabine alone versus platinum combinations in elderly metastatic gastric cancer patients

Abstract

Background: Gastric cancer is responsible for a considerable
proportion of all cancer-related deaths. Elderly cancer patients are often
ignored in prospective studies in which the efficacy of chemotherapy is
evaluated, although more than half of all gastric cancer cases are over the age
of 70 years. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of
capecitabine-based chemotherapies in geriatric patients with gastric cancer.

Methods: A total of 81 patients over
the age of 65 years who received chemotherapy for metastatic gastric cancer at
two oncology centers between 2012 and 2017 were included in the study. The
medical records of the patients were evaluated retrospectively, and the
patients and their performance status were evaluated using the American Joint
Committee on Cancer staging system and the World Health Organisation scale,
respectively.

Results: The mean age was 74 years. The
male gender and the adenocarcinoma histological type were seen in higher rates.
Most of the patients underwent capecitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy, and the
mean follow-up was 42 months. The median overall survival of the groups of
patients receiving capecitabine-cisplatin, capecitabine-oxaliplatin and
capecitabine was 8 months, 10.7 months and 8.9 months, respectively, indicating
no statistically significant differences between the groups (p=0.467). The
median overall survival of all patients was found to be 8.7. The
progression-free survival between the different chemotherapy subgroups was not
statistically significant (p=0.59). The most common side effect was found to be
anemia. Grade 3–4 adverse effects were similar between the arms of the study
(p=0.725). A statistically significant increase was found in the mortality risk
with an increased number of metastatic sites in a multivariate analysis
(p=0.001). No correlation was found between the chemotherapy protocols and
mortality risk (p=0.472). Adverse effects such as stomatitis, nausea/vomiting,
neuropathy, neutropenic fever and nephrotoxicity, independent of chemotherapy,
were statistically and significantly associated with the mortality risk
(p=0.045, p=0.047, p=0.036, p=0.02 and p=0.049, respectively).

Conclusions: Our study results
show that adverse effects such as stomatitis, nausea/vomiting, neutropenic
fever, nephrotoxicity and neuropathy increase the mortality risk which suggest
that particularly oral health care, the application of appropriate antiemetic
treatments, the close follow-up of kidney function tests and adequate
hydration, protective infection barrier measures and effective treatment of
neuropathy associated with chronic diseases are as important as chemotherapy in
geriatric cases.

Keywords

Gastric cancer, capecitabine, elderly

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