Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 51 Issue: 4, 573 - 582, 27.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1608179

Abstract

References

  • 1.GBD 2015 LRI Collaborators. Estimates of theglobal, regional, and national morbidity, mortality,and aetiologies of lower respiratory tract infectionsin 195 countries: A systematic analysis for the GlobalBurden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Infect Dis.2017; 17: 1133-61.
  • 2.Scott JAG. The global epidemiology of childhoodpneumonia 20 years on. Bull World Health Organ.2008; 86: 494-6.
  • 3.Mahapatra C, Sharma VK, Singhal S, Jangid RK,Laxminath TK. Risk Factors of Hyponatremia inChildren with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection(LRTI). J Pediatr Res. 2021; 8(4): 479-84.
  • 4.Regha IR, Sulekha B. Bacteriological profile andantibiotic susceptibility patterns of lowerrespiratory tract infections in a tertiary carehospital, Central Kerala. Int J Med Microbiol TropDis. 2018; 4(4): 186-90.
  • 5.Thomas AM, Jayaprakash C, Amma GMR. Thepattern of bacterial pathogens and their antibioticsusceptibility profile from lower respiratory tractspecimens in a rural tertiary care centre. J EvolutionMed Dent Sci. 2016; 5(40): 2470-76.
  • 6.Mishra S, Kattel H, Acharya J, et al. Recent trend ofbacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tractinfection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal. Int J InfectMicrobiol. 2012; 1(1): 3-8.
  • 7.Duan N, Du J, Huang C, Li H. Microbial distributionand antibiotic susceptibility of lower respiratorytract infections patients from pediatric ward, adultrespiratory ward, and respiratory intensive careunit. Front microbiol. 2020; 11: 1480.
  • 8.Majumder MAA, Rahman S, Cohall D, et al.Antimicrobial stewardship: Fighting antimicrobialresistance and protecting global public health. InfectDrug Resist. 2020; 13: 4713-38.
  • 9.Llor C, Bjerrum L. Antimicrobial resistance: riskassociated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives toreduce the problem. Ther Adv in Drug Saf. 2014; 5(6): 229-41.
  • 10.Akingbade OA, Ogiogwa JI, Okerentugba PO, et al.Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern ofbacterial agents involved in lower respiratory tractinfections in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria ReportOpinion. 2012; 4(5): 25-30.
  • 11.Saha A, Das PK, Das NS. Clinico-bacteriologicalprofile of lower respiratory tract infections inpatients attending Tripura medical college and DrBram teaching hospital, Tripura. Indian J Appl Res.2018; 8(6): 39-40.
  • 12.Singh S, Sharma A, Nag VL. Bacterial pathogensfrom lower respiratory tract infections: A studyfrom Western Rajasthan. J Family Med Prim Care.2020; 9(3): 1407-12.
  • 13.Egbe CA, Ndiokwre C, Omoregie R. Microbiologyof Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Benin City,Nigeria. Malaysian J Med Sci. 2011; 18(2): 27-31.
  • 14.Müderris T, Özdemir R, Kaya S, ve ark. Solunumyolu örneklerinden izole edilen non-fermentatifgram negatif bakterilerin antibiyotik dirençdağılımları: altı yıllık analiz. Pam Tıp Derg. 2020;13(3): 695-704.
  • 15.Gürbüz M, Çimke P, Altunkara H, Altınkaya FU,Şen G. Evaluation of Pathogens and AntibioticResistance Profiles Isolated from Lower RespiratoryTract Samples. KOU Sag Bil Derg. February 2023;9(1): 14-19.
  • 16.Ratna S, Devi M, Sharma S, et al. BacteriologicalProfile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ofLower Respiratory Tract Infection in A TertiaryHospital In North-East India. Int J Recent Sci Res.2017; 8(9): 20337-40.
  • 17.Amutha C, Suganthi M, Katragadda R, Leela KV,Jayachitra J and Padmanaban. Bacterial Profile ofLower Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults andtheir Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern withDetection of MRSA, ESBLs and MBLs. Int J CurrMicrobiol App Sci. 2017; 6(3): 631-9.
  • 18.Anvari MS, Naderan M, Boroumand MA Shoar S,Bakhshi R, Naderan M. Microbiologic Spectrum andAntibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Patientswith Urinary and Respiratory Tract Infection. Int JMicrobiol. 2014; 7: 682304.
  • 19.Ioannou P, Vouidaski A, Spernovasilis N, et al.Candida spp. isolation from critically ill patients’respiratory tract. Does antifungal treatment affectsurvival? Germs. 2021; 11(4): 536-43.
  • 20.Akın A, Çoruh EA, Alp E, Günay Canpolat D.Anestezi yoğun bakım ünitesinde beş yıl içerisindegelişen nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlar ve antibiyotikdirencinin değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Tıp Derg.2011; 33(1): 7-16.
  • 21. Santella B, Serretiello E, De Filippis A, et al. Lowerrespiratory tract pathogens and their antimicrobialsusceptibility pattern: a 5-year study. Antibiotics.2021; 10(7): 851.
  • 22.Georgakopoulou VE, Gkoufa A, AravantinouFatorou A, et al. Lower respiratory tract infectionsdue to multi drug resistant pathogens in centralnervous system injuries. Biomed Rep. 2023: 18(4);30.
  • 23.Wang Y, Zhang R. Li W, Feng Y, Leng T. Seriousantimicrobial resistance status of pathogens causinghospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infectionsin North China. J Int Med Res. 2009; 37(3): 899-907.
  • 24.Altay Koçak A, Yayla B, Üsküdar Güçlü A, et al.Evaluation of Respiratory Pathogens Isolated in aUniversity Hospital in Adana and Their AntibioticResistance Profiles. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg.2019; 49(4): 226-32.
  • 25. Xie R, Zhang XD, Zhao Q, Peng B, Zheng J. Analysisof global prevalence of antibiotic resistance inAcinetobacter baumannii infections disclosed afaster increase in OECD countries. Emerg MicrobesInfect. 2018; 7: 31.
  • 26.Xia W, Chen Y, Mei Y, et al. Changing trend ofantimicrobial resistance among pathogens isolatedfrom lower respiratory tract at a university-affiliated hospital of China, 2006-2010. J Thorac Dis. 2012; 4(3): 284-91.
  • 27.Ahmed SM, Jakribettu RP, Meletath SK, Arya B,Shakir VPA. Lower respiratory tract infections(LTRIs): An insight into the prevalence and theantibiogram of the gram negative, respiratory,bacterial agents. J Clin diagn Res. 2013; 7(2): 253-6.
  • 28.The antibiotic alarm. Nature. 2013; 495(7440):141.https://www.nature.com/articles/495141a
  • 29.Nurahmed N, Kedir S, Fantahun S, et al. Bacterialprofile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns oflower respiratory tract infection among patientsattending selected health centers of Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2020; 69(2): 399-406.
  • 30.Özer B, Babayiğit C, Çolak S. Alt Solunum Yoluörneklerinden İzole Edilen Mikroorganizmalar veantimkrobiyal direnç durumları. Mustafa KemalÜniv Tıp Derg. 2016; 7(26): 45-53.
  • 31.Bhatta DR, Hamal D, Shrestha R, Nayak N.Antibiotic resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pathogensassociated with Lower respiratory Tract Infections.Nepal J Med Sci. 2023; 8(1): 5-11.
  • 32.Baghdadi E, Khodavaisy S, Rezaie S, et al.Antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida speciesrecovered from endotracheal tube in an intensivecare unit. Adv Med. 2016: 9242031.
  • 33.Manyi-Loh C, Mamphweli S, Meyer E, Okoh A.Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its ConsequentialResistance in Environmental Sources: PotentialPublic Health Implications. Molecules. 2018; 23:795.

Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları

Year 2024, Volume: 51 Issue: 4, 573 - 582, 27.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1608179

Abstract

Amaç: Alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, dünya çapında yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olan hastalıklardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı alt solunum yolu örneklerinden izole edilen patojenleri ve antibiyotik direnç durumlarını belirlemektir.
Yöntemler: 2018-2022 yılları arasında laboratuvarımıza gönderilen tüm alt solunum yolu örnekleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. İzole edilen suşlar konvansiyonel yöntemlerin yanı sıra tür tanımlamaları ve antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri otomatize sistem (BD Phoenix 100) ile yapıldı.
Bulgular: Beş yıllık dönemde alt solunum yolu örneklerinden toplam 2889 üreme oldu. Bunların 1772’si (%61,33) erkek hastalardan izole edildi. Solunum yolları patojenlerinin %74,59’u yoğun bakım üniteleri, %15,75’i yataklı servis, %9,66’sı ise polikliniklerden izole edildi. 2889 suşun %85,12’si gram negatif bakteri, %10,59’u gram pozitif bakteri ve %4,29’u Candida spp. olarak tanımlandı. İzole edilen başlıca mikroorganizmalar Acinetobacter baumannii (%32,12), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (%21,32), Klebsiella. pneumoniae (%16,68) ve Staphylococcus aureus (%9,10) idi. Acinetobacter baumannii test edilen bütün antibiyotiklere yüksek oranda (%81,20-97,53) dirençliydi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa'nın levofloksasine %76,48 oranında dirençli, amikasine ise %88,3 oranında duyarlı olduğu saptandı. Klebsiella pneumoniae’nın test edilen antibiyotiklere karşı direnç oranlarının yüksek olduğu belirlendi (%55,94-92,33). Staphylococcus aureus suşlarının hepsinin penisiline (%100), yarısının oksasiline (%49,61) dirençli olduğu, en yüksek duyarlılığı ise vankomisin (%100), linezolid (%99,62) ve teikoplanine karşı (%98,86) gösterdiği görüldü.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada solunum yolu örneklerinden izole edilen bakterilerde yüksek oranda antimikrobiyal direnç gözlendi. Alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonuna neden olan mikroorganizmaların ve bunların antibiyotiklere duyarlılık paternlerinin doğru tanımlanması, hedefe yönelik ve etkili antibiyotik tedavisinin seçilmesi, dirençli bakterilerin ortaya çıkmasının önlenmesi açısından önemlidir.

References

  • 1.GBD 2015 LRI Collaborators. Estimates of theglobal, regional, and national morbidity, mortality,and aetiologies of lower respiratory tract infectionsin 195 countries: A systematic analysis for the GlobalBurden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Infect Dis.2017; 17: 1133-61.
  • 2.Scott JAG. The global epidemiology of childhoodpneumonia 20 years on. Bull World Health Organ.2008; 86: 494-6.
  • 3.Mahapatra C, Sharma VK, Singhal S, Jangid RK,Laxminath TK. Risk Factors of Hyponatremia inChildren with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection(LRTI). J Pediatr Res. 2021; 8(4): 479-84.
  • 4.Regha IR, Sulekha B. Bacteriological profile andantibiotic susceptibility patterns of lowerrespiratory tract infections in a tertiary carehospital, Central Kerala. Int J Med Microbiol TropDis. 2018; 4(4): 186-90.
  • 5.Thomas AM, Jayaprakash C, Amma GMR. Thepattern of bacterial pathogens and their antibioticsusceptibility profile from lower respiratory tractspecimens in a rural tertiary care centre. J EvolutionMed Dent Sci. 2016; 5(40): 2470-76.
  • 6.Mishra S, Kattel H, Acharya J, et al. Recent trend ofbacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tractinfection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal. Int J InfectMicrobiol. 2012; 1(1): 3-8.
  • 7.Duan N, Du J, Huang C, Li H. Microbial distributionand antibiotic susceptibility of lower respiratorytract infections patients from pediatric ward, adultrespiratory ward, and respiratory intensive careunit. Front microbiol. 2020; 11: 1480.
  • 8.Majumder MAA, Rahman S, Cohall D, et al.Antimicrobial stewardship: Fighting antimicrobialresistance and protecting global public health. InfectDrug Resist. 2020; 13: 4713-38.
  • 9.Llor C, Bjerrum L. Antimicrobial resistance: riskassociated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives toreduce the problem. Ther Adv in Drug Saf. 2014; 5(6): 229-41.
  • 10.Akingbade OA, Ogiogwa JI, Okerentugba PO, et al.Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern ofbacterial agents involved in lower respiratory tractinfections in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria ReportOpinion. 2012; 4(5): 25-30.
  • 11.Saha A, Das PK, Das NS. Clinico-bacteriologicalprofile of lower respiratory tract infections inpatients attending Tripura medical college and DrBram teaching hospital, Tripura. Indian J Appl Res.2018; 8(6): 39-40.
  • 12.Singh S, Sharma A, Nag VL. Bacterial pathogensfrom lower respiratory tract infections: A studyfrom Western Rajasthan. J Family Med Prim Care.2020; 9(3): 1407-12.
  • 13.Egbe CA, Ndiokwre C, Omoregie R. Microbiologyof Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Benin City,Nigeria. Malaysian J Med Sci. 2011; 18(2): 27-31.
  • 14.Müderris T, Özdemir R, Kaya S, ve ark. Solunumyolu örneklerinden izole edilen non-fermentatifgram negatif bakterilerin antibiyotik dirençdağılımları: altı yıllık analiz. Pam Tıp Derg. 2020;13(3): 695-704.
  • 15.Gürbüz M, Çimke P, Altunkara H, Altınkaya FU,Şen G. Evaluation of Pathogens and AntibioticResistance Profiles Isolated from Lower RespiratoryTract Samples. KOU Sag Bil Derg. February 2023;9(1): 14-19.
  • 16.Ratna S, Devi M, Sharma S, et al. BacteriologicalProfile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ofLower Respiratory Tract Infection in A TertiaryHospital In North-East India. Int J Recent Sci Res.2017; 8(9): 20337-40.
  • 17.Amutha C, Suganthi M, Katragadda R, Leela KV,Jayachitra J and Padmanaban. Bacterial Profile ofLower Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults andtheir Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern withDetection of MRSA, ESBLs and MBLs. Int J CurrMicrobiol App Sci. 2017; 6(3): 631-9.
  • 18.Anvari MS, Naderan M, Boroumand MA Shoar S,Bakhshi R, Naderan M. Microbiologic Spectrum andAntibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Patientswith Urinary and Respiratory Tract Infection. Int JMicrobiol. 2014; 7: 682304.
  • 19.Ioannou P, Vouidaski A, Spernovasilis N, et al.Candida spp. isolation from critically ill patients’respiratory tract. Does antifungal treatment affectsurvival? Germs. 2021; 11(4): 536-43.
  • 20.Akın A, Çoruh EA, Alp E, Günay Canpolat D.Anestezi yoğun bakım ünitesinde beş yıl içerisindegelişen nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlar ve antibiyotikdirencinin değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Tıp Derg.2011; 33(1): 7-16.
  • 21. Santella B, Serretiello E, De Filippis A, et al. Lowerrespiratory tract pathogens and their antimicrobialsusceptibility pattern: a 5-year study. Antibiotics.2021; 10(7): 851.
  • 22.Georgakopoulou VE, Gkoufa A, AravantinouFatorou A, et al. Lower respiratory tract infectionsdue to multi drug resistant pathogens in centralnervous system injuries. Biomed Rep. 2023: 18(4);30.
  • 23.Wang Y, Zhang R. Li W, Feng Y, Leng T. Seriousantimicrobial resistance status of pathogens causinghospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infectionsin North China. J Int Med Res. 2009; 37(3): 899-907.
  • 24.Altay Koçak A, Yayla B, Üsküdar Güçlü A, et al.Evaluation of Respiratory Pathogens Isolated in aUniversity Hospital in Adana and Their AntibioticResistance Profiles. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg.2019; 49(4): 226-32.
  • 25. Xie R, Zhang XD, Zhao Q, Peng B, Zheng J. Analysisof global prevalence of antibiotic resistance inAcinetobacter baumannii infections disclosed afaster increase in OECD countries. Emerg MicrobesInfect. 2018; 7: 31.
  • 26.Xia W, Chen Y, Mei Y, et al. Changing trend ofantimicrobial resistance among pathogens isolatedfrom lower respiratory tract at a university-affiliated hospital of China, 2006-2010. J Thorac Dis. 2012; 4(3): 284-91.
  • 27.Ahmed SM, Jakribettu RP, Meletath SK, Arya B,Shakir VPA. Lower respiratory tract infections(LTRIs): An insight into the prevalence and theantibiogram of the gram negative, respiratory,bacterial agents. J Clin diagn Res. 2013; 7(2): 253-6.
  • 28.The antibiotic alarm. Nature. 2013; 495(7440):141.https://www.nature.com/articles/495141a
  • 29.Nurahmed N, Kedir S, Fantahun S, et al. Bacterialprofile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns oflower respiratory tract infection among patientsattending selected health centers of Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2020; 69(2): 399-406.
  • 30.Özer B, Babayiğit C, Çolak S. Alt Solunum Yoluörneklerinden İzole Edilen Mikroorganizmalar veantimkrobiyal direnç durumları. Mustafa KemalÜniv Tıp Derg. 2016; 7(26): 45-53.
  • 31.Bhatta DR, Hamal D, Shrestha R, Nayak N.Antibiotic resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pathogensassociated with Lower respiratory Tract Infections.Nepal J Med Sci. 2023; 8(1): 5-11.
  • 32.Baghdadi E, Khodavaisy S, Rezaie S, et al.Antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida speciesrecovered from endotracheal tube in an intensivecare unit. Adv Med. 2016: 9242031.
  • 33.Manyi-Loh C, Mamphweli S, Meyer E, Okoh A.Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its ConsequentialResistance in Environmental Sources: PotentialPublic Health Implications. Molecules. 2018; 23:795.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Medical Education, Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zerife Orhan

Burak Küçük

Adem Doğaner

Arzu Kayış

Murat Aral

Publication Date December 27, 2024
Submission Date March 20, 2024
Acceptance Date December 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 51 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Orhan, Z., Küçük, B., Doğaner, A., Kayış, A., et al. (2024). Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları. Dicle Medical Journal, 51(4), 573-582. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1608179
AMA Orhan Z, Küçük B, Doğaner A, Kayış A, Aral M. Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları. diclemedj. December 2024;51(4):573-582. doi:10.5798/dicletip.1608179
Chicago Orhan, Zerife, Burak Küçük, Adem Doğaner, Arzu Kayış, and Murat Aral. “Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri Ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları”. Dicle Medical Journal 51, no. 4 (December 2024): 573-82. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1608179.
EndNote Orhan Z, Küçük B, Doğaner A, Kayış A, Aral M (December 1, 2024) Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları. Dicle Medical Journal 51 4 573–582.
IEEE Z. Orhan, B. Küçük, A. Doğaner, A. Kayış, and M. Aral, “Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları”, diclemedj, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 573–582, 2024, doi: 10.5798/dicletip.1608179.
ISNAD Orhan, Zerife et al. “Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri Ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları”. Dicle Medical Journal 51/4 (December 2024), 573-582. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1608179.
JAMA Orhan Z, Küçük B, Doğaner A, Kayış A, Aral M. Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları. diclemedj. 2024;51:573–582.
MLA Orhan, Zerife et al. “Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri Ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları”. Dicle Medical Journal, vol. 51, no. 4, 2024, pp. 573-82, doi:10.5798/dicletip.1608179.
Vancouver Orhan Z, Küçük B, Doğaner A, Kayış A, Aral M. Beş Yıllık Süreçte Elde Edilen Alt Solunum Yolu Patojenleri ve Antimikrobiyal Direnç Durumları. diclemedj. 2024;51(4):573-82.