Evaluation of Hearing in Patients Undergoing Type 1 Tympanoplasty

Year 2025, Volume: 52 Issue: 3, 487 - 495, 16.09.2025

Günay Kozan , Serkan Dedeoğlu , Şermin Can , Muhammed Ayral , Mehmet Akdağ

https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1784968

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical results of type 1 tympanoplasty performed in our clinic.
Methods: This retrospective analysis included eighty patients who underwent type I tympanoplasty for tympanic membrane perforation in the otorhinolaryngology department of between January 2019 and December 2022. We determined the mean hearing levels by averaging the hearing thresholds at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz. Researchers examined the differences in air-bone gaps before and after tympanoplasty between the groups. Researchers evaluated pre- and postoperative air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC), and air-bone gap (ABG) between groups using paired t-tests.
Results: This study involved 80 patients, comprising 45 males and 35 females. The mean age was 33.8 ± 15.3 years. Out of 80 patients, 38 (47.5%) exhibited disease in the right ear, 33 (41.25%) had disease solely in the left ear, and nine patients (11.25%) were affected in both ears. The existence of central perforation was the most ordinary observation (43.75%). In the present investigation, we noticed that 100% of patients had hearing thresholds of more than 30 dB. The preoperative air-bone tract gap ratio was 38.3. The postoperative air-bone tract gap ratio was 22.8. 74 of 80 patients (92.5%) showed remarkable surgical success with graft harvesting, with just four patients having residual tympanic membrane perforation and two with graft medialisation. Out of 80 patients, 71 (88.75%) have restored to normal hearing, while only 9 (11.25%) remain in the category of mild deafness. The mean of the preoperative air-bone gap is 38.3 Db; however, postoperatively, the air-bone gap is 23.98 Db. Improvement in the air-bone gap is 14.32 Db.
Conclusions: Type 1 tympanoplasty employing temporalis fascia is a reliable method for mending tympanic membrane perforations and boosting hearing results. The procedure achieves great air bone gap closure and enhances patients' auditory function. However, individual variables such as age, perforation size, and surgical procedure must be acknowledged when quantifying postoperative hearing improvement.
Keywords:

Keywords

Type 1 tympanoplasty , hearing loss , chronic otitis media; air bone gap; temporalis fascia

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Dicle University Hospital with approval number 395 on March 28, 2025.

Tip 1 Timpanoplasti Uygulanan Hastalarda İşitmenin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kliniğimizde uygulanan tip 1 timpanoplastinin klinik sonuçları değerlendirildi.
Yöntem: Bu retrospektif analiz, Ocak 2019 ile Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında Kulak Burun Boğaz kliniğinde tip I timpanoplasti uygulanan hastaları kapsamaktadır. Ortalama işitme seviyelerini elde etmek için 500, 1.000, 2.000 ve 4.000 Hz eşiklerinin ortalaması alındı. Gruplar arasında timpanoplasti öncesi ve sonrasında hava-kemik aralığındaki değişimleri incelendi. Eşleştirilmiş t-testleri kullanarak gruplar arasında ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası hava iletimi, kemik iletimi ve hava-kemik aralığı incelendi.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya 45 erkek ve 35 kadından oluşan 80 hasta katıldı. Ortalama yaş 33.8 ± 15.3 yıldı. Seksen hastanın otuz üçünde (%41,25) sadece sol kulakta, dokuzunda (%11,25) her iki kulakta ve 38'inde (%47,5) sağ kulakta hastalık vardı. En yaygın bulgu (%43,75) santral perforasyon varlığı idi. Bu çalışmadaki tüm hastaların işitme eşiklerinin 30 dB'den yüksek olduğunu tespit ettik. Ameliyat öncesi hava-kemik yolu boşluk oranı 38,3 idi. Ameliyat sonrası hava-kemik yolu boşluk oranı 22,8 idi. 80 hastanın 74'ünde (%92,5) greft alımında kayda değer bir cerrahi başarı elde edilmiş, sadece dört hastada rezidüel timpanik membran perforasyonu ve iki hastada greft medializasyonu görülmüştür. 80 hastanın 71'i (%88,75) normal işitmeye geri dönerken, sadece 9'u (%11,25) hafif sağırlık kategorisinde kalmıştır. Hava-kemik aralığındaki iyileşme 14.32 Db'dir.
Sonuçlar: Bu prosedür, hava kemik aralığını etkili şekilde kapatmakta ve hastaların işitme fonksiyonu postoperatif düzeltmenin yanısıra yaş, perforasyon boyutu ve cerrahi prosedür gibi bireysel değişkenler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

Keywords

Tip 1 timpanoplasti , işitme kaybı , kronik otitis media , hava kemik aralığı , temporal fasya.

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