As stated in the Qur’an, the Prophet Muhammad is the last messenger sent by Allah to mankind, and the Qur’an is the last divine script. The holy birth and survival of the Prophet was necessary until the revelation of the Qur’an was completed. There were no such necessities for other prophets. If a prophet was murdered, Allah did send another prophet. Logical it is that the holy protection is necessary; nevertheless, Allah promised protection from the people who want to murder him (Ma’idah, 5/67). Apparently this promise was realized as the Prophet Muhammad died not by an assassination but from an illness at his home Theologians and hermeneutics comprehended the subject of protection as a protection from killers and stated that his survival was one of his miracles. Protection of Prophet Ishmael and Prophet Muhammad’s father Abdullah from being sacrificed should be evaluated within the protection. Protection of his ancestors is a kind of protection indirectly. The protection of the Prophet Muhammad when he was a 6-year-old child in Madinah, and when he was 12 from the Jewish by Bahira should be evaluated in the same way. He was protected from the assaults of Abu Jahl, Abu Lahab’s wife Umm Jamil, and Walid ibn al-Mughirah after his prophethood; his enemies did not see him leaving his house and in the Cave of Sawr, Suraqah could not catch him because his horse slipped, and during the Hijrah, a shepherd saw him on the way and wanted to tell people, but later he forgot why he came to Mecca; he (saw) escaped from the assassinations of Du‘thur ibn al-Harith known as Gawrath, Thumamah ibn Uthal the hired killer of Abu Sufyan, Fadala ibn Umayr, Shaybah ibn Uthman, Amir ibn Tufayl, and Banu Nadir; He was saved from the poisonous food offered to him after the Conquest of Khaybar. Although some of these may seem to be natural, the great number of them occurred because Allah informed him of what was happening. Incidents of this kind are khabari miracles. He was saved directly by the intervention of Allah during some events such as an assailant facing him did not see him, the sword fell from the attacker’s hand, and the horse slipped. These are known as kawni miracles. By overgeneralizing the negative answers given to the polytheists who asked for miracles during the Meccan period, some researchers draw the conclusion and claimed that the only miracle of the Prophet Muhammad is the Holy Qur’an. Thus, they claimed that the protection of the Prophet occurred naturally or some of such events even did not even happen. Some academicians even claimed that the Prophet learned about assassinations not by revelation but by human relations because they are fixed to think that the Qur’an is the only revelation. Indeed, those claimers who say the Qur’an is the only revelation are very rapacious group. The great part of the scholars are of the opinion that other revelations exist as well. Therefore, the assassinations were pre-told by the angel Jibreel. The negative answers to polytheists do not mean that the Qur’an is the only miracle. According to their nature, miracles are three kinds: kawni, khabari (information-related), and logical. According to purpose: guiding to the true path, helping and perishing. Challenging occurs only at miracles for the true path. The only true path miracle is the Qur’an. There are other kinds of miracles such as help, kawni, information-related, and logical. Related to the protection of the Prophet, some kawni and khabari miracles occurred. In this study, four, three and eight events during the Hijrah, Mecca and Madinah periods are identified, all of which are related to the protection of the Prophet. Some occurred naturally, but most of them by miracle. A few reports are weak but we may accept them according to the methodology of hadith. But, ones who are accepting them cannot be criticized unless we carry them to the dimensions of faith. The verse promising the protection of the Prophet Muhammad was revealed after the sixth year of the Hijrah. Therefore, the Prophet did not know his divine protection. For this reason, he wore armor, used helmet, and companions protected him during dangerous times. After the assassinations increased in the Madinah period, it is understood that conveying duty slowed down. Therefore, Allah promised his (saw) protection for conveying duty. Yet, it could be said that even this promise was conditioned. First, precautions should not be ignored. Second, it is granted until the revelation of the Qur’an is completed. The Prophet continued his struggle under a natural reality and reasonable precautions. The miracles in his life are the heavenly helps (divine intervention) when his conveying duty was in danger. He established a state not on the miracles but on the realities of the life.
Kelâm terminolojisinde “peygamberlerin Allah tarafından günah işlemekten korunması”na “ismet” denir ve bu, peygamberlerin ortak özelliklerindendir. Ancak Hz. Peygamber’in ismet sıfatının yanı sıra “insanlar tarafından öldürülmekten de korunması” gibi farklı bir özelliği vardır. Mâide suresinin 67. âyetinde Cenâb-ı Allah, Hz. Peygamber’i (s.a.s.) koruyacağını vaat etmiştir. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) on yıllık Medine döneminde küçüklü büyüklü yüz dolayında askerî operasyona imza atmış ve bunların otuzunda operasyonu bizzat kendisi yönetmiştir (gazve). Medine döneminin ilk yarısında sadece Mekkeli müşrikler ve Medineli Yahudilerle çarpışırken ikinci yarısında Arap Yarımadasında yaşayan bütün Arap kabileleriyle münasebet halinde olmuş ve bunların çoğu ile savaşmak mecburiyetinde kalmıştır. Hasmane ilişkiler sonucunda sadece savaş yapılmamış, aynı zamanda düşmanları Hz. Peygamber’i (s.a.s.) ortadan kaldırmak için çeşitli suikastlar düzenlemişlerdir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız ilk dönem siyer ve hadis kaynaklarına müracaat ederek Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.s.) çeşitli suikastlardan ne şekilde korunduğunu tespit etmek ve bunları kronolojik olarak bir araya getirmektir.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Religious Studies |
Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 15, 2020 |
Submission Date | October 17, 2019 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 56 Issue: 2 |
Diyanet İlmi Dergi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).