Abdullah b. Abbas, kıraat ilminde ön plana çıkmış ve ikinci tabakadan kurrâ olan sahâbe arasında yer almıştır. Resûlullah’ın (s.a.s.) çocukluktan itibaren yanında olan İbn Abbas’a, Kur’an’ı ve hadisi öğrettiği nakledilmiştir. Özellikle teyzesi Meymûne’nin Hz. Peygamber’in eşi olması hasebiyle İbn Abbas’ın bazı gecelerde onun evinde kaldığı, arkasında defalarca namaz kıldığı ve tilavetini işittiği aktarılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Hz. Peygamber’den Kur’an’ı öğrenen ve onun kıraatini dinleyen İbn Abbas, Allah Resûlü’nün döneminde sûrelerin bir kısmını da ezberlemiştir. O, Hz. Peygamber’den sonra kıraat ilmini ilk tabakadan kurrâ olan Übey b. Ka‘b, Zeyd b. Sâbit ve Abdullah b. Mes‘ûd’dan arz yoluyla almıştır. İbn Abbas’ın kıraat ilminde yetkin olduğunu gösteren özelliklerinden birisi de kaynaklarda ona nisbet edilen kıraatlerin çok geniş bir şekilde yer almasıdır. Ona nisbet edilen bu kıraatler iki kısımda ele alınabilir. Birinci kısımda kıraat-i seb‘a ve aşere imamlarının senedlerinde yer alan ve sahih kategorisinde değerlendirilen kıraatleridir. İkincisi ise sahih kıraatlerin dışında yer alan tefsir kabilinden, müteradif olarak naklettiği şâz kategorisinde yer alan okuyuşlarıdır. Kaynaklarda nakledilen bu kıraat vecihleri, çeşitli yönlerden ele alınarak âyetlerin te’vilinde ve tefsirinde kullanılmıştır.
Abdallah ibn Abbas came to the fore in the science of qira’at (Qur’ānic recitation) as well and was among the companions who were Qur’ān reciters (qurra) of the second-generation. It is reported that he taught the Quran and hadiths to Ibn Abbas, who had been with the Messenger of Allah since childhood. In particular, due to his aunt Maymunah bint al-Harith’s being the wife of the Prophet, Ibn Abbas was also reported to have stayed some nights in the house of the Prophet, prayed behind him heaps of times, and heard the recitation of the Messenger of Allah. Ibn Abbas, who had learned the Qur’ān from the Prophet and listened to his recitation, also memorized some of the surahs during the time of the Messenger of Allah. He received the science of qira’at by way of ard (reciting in the master’s presence) from Ubayy ibn Ka’b, Zayd ibn Thabit, and Abdullah ibn Mas’ud, who were Qur’an reciters (qurra) of the first generation. The extensive presence of narrations regarding recitation aspects attributed to Ibn Abbas in the sources is another indication that he was competent in the science of recitation. This study divides the recitation aspects cited in the sources into two parts. In the first part are the recitations included in the transmission chains of the Imams of Seven and Ten Recitations (qira’at al-sab’a and al-ashara) that are considered within the authentic category. The second is his recitations falling within the category of shaz qira’at, which he reports for commentating purposes as synonymous, and are outside the authentic recitations. These recitation aspects narrated in the sources were evaluated from various aspects and used in the interpretation and exegesis of the verses.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Recitation of the Qur'an and Qiraat |
Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | September 27, 2024 |
Submission Date | March 21, 2024 |
Acceptance Date | September 19, 2024 |
Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 60 Issue: 3 |
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