On the Process of Prefixization and Prefixoids in Turkish

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 35, 109 - 130, 10.11.2024

İsa Sarı

https://doi.org/10.54316/dilarastirmalari.1420069

Öz

Prefixoids are the left-most elements attaching to roots or stems, which emerge from lexemes, and behave like derivational or inflectional affixes tending to slightly grammaticalize to a limited extent, showing an increase in productivity. In Turkish, certain adjectival constituents of the ADJ+N type compounds like ana 'lit. mother=PFmain, PFprimary' as in anafikir 'gist', baş 'lit. head=PFmain' as in başkent 'capitol', or ön 'lit. front=PFpre-' as in ön(-)basım 'pre-edition' show this tendency and are used productively to name concepts by behaving like prefixoids in spontaneous naming needs to fill the lexical gaps. Thus, though Turkish does not have an established prefixation mechanism typologically, these elements give rise to a blurry and controversial territory between compounding and prefixation. In the present study, such adjectival constituents will be investigated within the continuum between compounding and affixation, and it will be advocated that these constituents are at the very beginning of a morphologization/grammaticalization process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

affixoid, prefixoid, prefixization, compounding, Turkish

Türkçede Önekleşme Süreci ve Önekimsiler Üzerine

Öz

Önekimsiler, sözcükbirimlerden ortaya çıkarak kök ya da gövdelere eklenip en sola bitişen öğelerdir ve türetkenlikte bir artış göstererek sınırlı ölçüde kısmen dilbilgiselleşme eğiliminde olan türetim ya da çekim ekleri gibi davranırlar. Türkçede, anafikir, başkent, ön(-)basım gibi SIFAT+AD tipi bileşiklerin bazı sıfat bileşenleri bu eğilimi gösterir ve bu bileşenle sözlüksel boşlukları doldurmak için anlık adlandırma ihtiyaçlarında önekler gibi davranır, ayrıca kavramları adlandırmak için türetken bir şekilde kullanılır. Dolayısıyla Türkçe tipolojik olarak yerleşik bir önekleme mekanizmasına sahip olmasa da bu unsurlar birleştirme ve önekleme arasında bulanık ve tartışmalı bir alan ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bu tür sıfat bileşenleri birleşme ve ekleşme arasındaki süreklilik içinde incelenecek ve bu bileşenlerin bir biçimbilgiselleşme/dilbilgiselleşme sürecinin en başında olduğu savunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ekimsi, önekimsi, önekleşme, birleştirme, Türkçe

Kaynakça

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