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التأسيس للوقف الرقمي من خلال دمج التكنولوجيا الحديثة في الوقف "جامع الوقف" نموذجاً

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 65 - 86, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1474978

Abstract

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو وضع الأساس لنموذج علمي شامل مصمم خصيصًا لمنصة رقمية مخصصة للوقف، تهدف إلى أن تكون بمثابة إطار أساسي لتبني مبادرات الوقف الرقمي على نطاق واسع عبر الدول ذات الأغلبية المسلمة. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، اعتمدت الدراسة في الغالب على المنهج المعياري، مما يسهل تطوير وجهات نظر مستنيرة حول مفهوم "الوقف الرقمي". بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم استخدام التحليل المفاهيمي لتقديم مصطلحات جديدة ذات صلة بتقاطع التكنولوجيا مع مؤسسة الوقف التقليدية.
وفي هذا السياق، يبرز "الوقف الرقمي" كأداة محورية تعمل على تنسيق الحفاظ على التراث الثقافي الإسلامي، ولا سيما مؤسسة الوقف، مع أحدث التطورات التكنولوجية. ومن خلال دمج التقنيات المتطورة مثل الدفاتر الموزعة والعقود الذكية والرموز غير القابلة للاستبدال، يسعى مفهوم "الوقف الرقمي" إلى تحديث وتعزيز الممارسات التقليدية المرتبطة بتنظيم الوقف وإدارته. وفي قلب هذا المسعى يكمن تصور نموذج لمنصة "الوقف الرقمي"، والتي تمت صياغتها باسم "جامع الوقف"، والتي تهدف إلى مركزة جميع جوانب إنشاء الوقف وإدارته مع تخفيف الفوارق القائمة بين أصحاب المصلحة.
تمثل منصة "الوقف الرقمي" المتصور نموذجًا عمليًا قائمًا على أسس علمية وقابل للتكيف مع السياقات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية المتنوعة للدول الإسلامية. ويحمل تنفيذه المرتقب وعدًا بإدخال تحسينات جوهرية في كل من تصور وتنفيذ مبادرات الوقف. ونتيجة لذلك، تؤكد التوصية الأولية المنبثقة عن هذا البحث على ضرورة تعزيز التعاون المتزايد بين الباحثين والسلطات الحكومية وأصحاب المصلحة في الوقف للحفاظ على زخم وتقدم مسعى "الوقف الرقمي". ويستعد هذا الجهد التعاوني لإعادة تحديد مسار الوقف والعمل الخيري، ليكون حافزاً قوياً لتعزيز الشمولية والتنمية المستدامة داخل النظام البيئي للوقف.
ومن خلال تغليف المبادئ التقليدية للوقف ضمن إطار رقمي مدعوم بالتقنيات المتطورة، لا تحافظ منصة "الوقف الرقمي" على جوهر الوقف الإسلامي فحسب، بل تمهد الطريق أيضًا لتكيفه السلس مع المشهد الاجتماعي والاقتصادي المعاصر. ومن خلال العمليات المبسطة التي تسهلها البنية التحتية الرقمية المتقدمة، يعد "جامع الوقف" بإحداث ثورة في إمكانية الوصول والشفافية وفعالية إدارة الوقف، وبالتالي إطلاق العنان لإمكاناتها التحويلية عبر المجتمعات والمناطق المتنوعة.
وفي جوهر الأمر، فإن تتويج هذه الدراسة يبشر بتحول نموذجي في تصور وممارسة الوقف، ويدفعه نحو مستقبل يتميز بالابتكار والكفاءة والشمولية. ومن خلال احتضان العالم الرقمي، يتجاوز الوقف الحدود التقليدية، ليظهر كقوة ديناميكية تدفع التقدم الاجتماعي والاقتصادي والرفاهية المجتمعية داخل العالم الإسلامي وخارجه. فهو لا يمثل تطورًا تكنولوجيًا فحسب، بل يمثل أيضًا إعادة تأكيد على الأهمية الدائمة للمبادئ الإسلامية وقدرتها على التكيف في السياقات المعاصرة، وبالتالي سد الفجوة بين التقليد والحداثة في مجال العمل الخيري والرعاية الاجتماعية.

References

  • الشبل، بن إبراهيم عبد العزيز. "الأوقاف الإلكترونية". مجلة البحوث الإسلامية 119 (2019). 229-296.
  • سالم، أحمد. توثيق الأوقاف ونماذج لحجج وقفية ومقارنتها. الكويت: الأمانة العامة للأوقاف، 2014.
  • النجران، بن محمد سليمان. "الوقف الرقمي مقاصده ومجالاته". مجلة دراسات إسلامية، 16/02 (2019). 09-34.
  • ساسي، حازم فضل الله. "استخدام تطبيقات البلوكتشين لتطوير الأصول الوقفية: منصة شركة فينترا نموذجا". مجلة الإسلام في آسيا، 16/03 (2019). 141-160.
  • حماد، حمزة. "الوقف الخيري الإلكتروني، دراسة فقهية مقارنة "أوقاف تك" نموذجاً". مجلة الدراسات الإسلامية، 32/03 (2020). 145-173.
  • الشايع، سهيل بن سليمان. الأوقاف الرقمية وأحكامها الفقهية. الرياض: مؤسسة ساعي لتطوير الوقف، 2016.
  • آلُ جَبْعانَ، ظافرُ بنُ حسنٍ. الوقفُ الخيريُّ الإلكترونيُّ. صيد الفوائد. الوصول 22 جانفي 2023. http://www.saaid.net/Doat/dhafer/93.htm
  • نعيمي، عبد المنعم. (2020). "الوقف الرقمي كرؤية استشرافية لعصرنة قطاع الأوقاف". المجلة الجزائرية للعلوم القانونية والسياسية، 57/05 (2020). 163-193.
  • Aji, Nassir Abba et al. “Chapter Twenty-Two the Pros and Cons of Digitalisation and Its Interplay In Public Complaints In Nigeria: A Focus On Public Complaints Commission (Pcc) And Service Compact For All Nigerians.” Communication and Metacommunication: A Discourse on Media and Society, 377.
  • Al-Zidaneen, Hiyam Mohammed et al. “Obstacles to Digitization in the Islamic Circle.” LINGUISTICA ANTVERPIENSIA, 1144–1155.
  • Bickauske, Daiva et al. “Analysis and Perspectives of the Level of Enterprises Digitalization (Lithuanian Manufacturing Sector Case).” Independent Journal of Management & Production 11/9 (November 1, 2020), 2291–2307. https://doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i9.1404
  • CompTIA. “Blockchain Terminology: A Glossary for Beginners.” Blockchain Advisory Council, 2022. https://comptiacdn.azureedge.net/webcontent/docs/default-source/research-reports/07576-blockchain-glossary-of-terms-r3.pdf?sfvrsn=7df7462a_0
  • Durgambini, A. Patel. Digitalisation Vis-à-Vis the Indian Labour Market: Pros and Cons. Labour Law and the Gig Economy. Routledge, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003033721-3
  • Fabri, JP - Wismayer, Karl. “How NFTs and Tokenisation Will Disrupt Tomorrow’s Economies.” Seed, 2022. https://seedconsultancy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Tokenise.pdf
  • FMW Team. “19. DAO Cryptos.” Blog. Future Money Wallet. February 27, 2022. Accessed June 27, 2022. https://www.futuremoneywallet.com/features.php?link=dao-cryptos
  • FSB. Assessment of Risks to Financial Stability from Crypto-Assets. Crypto Assets, Vulnerabilities Assessments. Financial Stability Board, February 16, 2022. Financial Stability Board. https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P160222.pdf
  • Hulla, Maria et al. “Towards Digitalization in Production in SMEs – A Qualitative Study of Challenges, Competencies and Requirements for Trainings.” Procedia CIRP 104 (2021), 887–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.149
  • Ingaldi, Manuela - Klimecka-Tatar, Dorota. “Digitization of the Service Provision Process - Requirements and Readiness of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector.” Procedia Computer Science 200 (2022), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.222
  • Lui, Alison - Nicholas Ryder (eds.). FinTech, Artificial Intelligence and the Law. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 1st edition., 2021.
  • Nicoletti, Bernardo. Banking 5.0: How Fintech Will Change Traditional Banks in the “New Normal” Post Pandemic. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75871-4
  • Pastrana, Sergio - Suarez-Tangil, Guillermo. “A First Look at the Crypto-Mining Malware Ecosystem: A Decade of Unrestricted Wealth.” Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference. 73–86. Amsterdam Netherlands: ACM, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355576
  • Pedersen, Niels. Financial Technology: Case Studies in Fintech Innovation. London, United Kingdom ; New York, NY: Kogan Page, 2021.
  • Rodríguez, Rocio et al. “Digitalization Process of Complex B2B Sales Processes – Enablers and Obstacles.” Technology in Society 62 (August 2020), 101324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101324
  • Rüth, Jan et al. “Digging into Browser-Based Crypto Mining.” Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018. 70–76. Boston MA USA: ACM, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1145/3278532.3278539
  • Sony, Michael. “Pros and Cons of Implementing Industry 4.0 for the Organizations: A Review and Synthesis of Evidence.” Production & Manufacturing Research 8/1 (January 1, 2020), 244–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2020.1781705
  • Takashima, Ikuya. Blockchain: The Ultimate Guide To The World Of Blockchain Technology, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cryptocurrency, Smart Contracts, 2017.
  • Team, Almaany. “Translation and Meaning of Hash In Arabic, English Arabic Dictionary of Terms Page 1.” 2020. Accessed March 18, 2020. https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/hash/

Modern Teknolojiyi Vakıfa Entegre Ederek Dijital Vakıf Oluşturmak: “Vakıf Camii” Modeli

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 65 - 86, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1474978

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Müslüman çoğunluklu ülkelerde dijital Vakıf girişimlerinin yaygın şekilde benimsenmesi için temel bir çerçeve olarak hizmet etmeyi amaçlayan, Vakıflara adanmış bir dijital platforma uyarlanmış kapsamlı bir bilimsel modelin temelini oluşturmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için çalışma ağırlıklı olarak normatif yönteme dayandı ve "Dijital Vakıf" kavramına ilişkin bilinçli bakış açılarının geliştirilmesini kolaylaştırdı. Ek olarak, teknolojinin geleneksel Vakıf kurumuyla kesişmesine ilişkin yeni terminolojileri tanıtmak için kavramsal analiz kullanıldı. Bu bağlamda "Dijital Vakıf", başta Vakıf kurumu olmak üzere İslami kültürel mirasın korunmasını en son teknolojik gelişmelerle uyumlu hale getiren önemli bir araç olarak ortaya çıkıyor. Dağıtılmış Defterler, Akıllı Sözleşmeler ve Değiştirilemez Tokanlar gibi en son teknolojileri entegre ederek "Dijital Vakıf" kavramı, Vakıf yönetimi ve yönetimi ile ilgili geleneksel uygulamaları modernleştirmeyi ve geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çabanın temelinde, paydaşları arasındaki eşitsizlikleri azaltırken vakıf oluşturma ve yönetiminin tüm yönlerini merkezileştirmeyi amaçlayan "Camia El Vakıf" olarak adlandırılan "Dijital Vakıf" platformu için bir modelin kavramsallaştırılması yatıyor. Öngörülen "Dijital Vakıf" platformu, Müslüman ulusların çeşitli sosyo-ekonomik bağlamlarına uyarlanabilen pragmatik ve bilimsel temelli bir modeli temsil ediyor. Gelecekteki uygulaması, Vakıf girişimlerinin hem kavramsallaştırılmasında hem de yürütülmesinde önemli gelişmeler vaat etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmadan kaynaklanan birincil öneri, "Dijital Vakıf" çabasının ivmesini ve ilerlemesini sürdürmek için araştırmacılar, hükümet yetkilileri ve Vakıf paydaşları arasında artan iş birliğinin teşvik edilmesinin zorunluluğunun altını çiziyor. Bu işbirlikçi çaba, Vakıf ekosisteminde kapsayıcılığı ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı teşvik etmek için güçlü bir katalizör görevi görerek Vakıf ve hayırseverliğin yörüngesini yeniden tanımlamaya hazırlanıyor. Geleneksel Vakıf ilkelerini en son teknolojilerle güçlendirilmiş dijital bir çerçeve içinde özetleyen "Dijital Vakıf" platformu, yalnızca İslami vakıfların özünü korumakla kalmıyor, aynı zamanda çağdaş sosyo-ekonomik ortamlara kusursuz bir şekilde uyum sağlamasının yolunu da açıyor. Gelişmiş dijital altyapının kolaylaştırdığı kolaylaştırılmış süreçler aracılığıyla "Djamaa Al Waqf", Vakıf yönetiminin erişilebilirliği, şeffaflığı ve etkinliğinde devrim yaratmayı ve böylece çeşitli topluluklar ve bölgeler genelinde dönüştürücü potansiyelini açığa çıkarmayı vaat ediyor. Özünde, bu çalışmanın vardığı sonuç, Vakıf algısı ve uygulamasında bir paradigma değişikliğinin habercisi olup, onu yenilik, verimlilik ve kapsayıcılıkla karakterize edilen bir geleceğe doğru itmektedir. Vakıf, dijital alanı benimseyerek geleneksel sınırları aşarak Müslüman dünyasında ve ötesinde sosyo-ekonomik ilerlemeyi ve toplumsal refahı yönlendiren dinamik bir güç olarak ortaya çıkıyor. Bu sadece teknolojik bir evrimi değil, aynı zamanda İslami ilkelerin çağdaş bağlamlarda kalıcı geçerliliğinin ve uyarlanabilirliğinin yeniden onaylanmasını temsil ediyor ve böylece hayırseverlik ve sosyal refah alanında gelenek ile modernlik arasındaki boşluğa köprü oluşturuyor.

References

  • الشبل، بن إبراهيم عبد العزيز. "الأوقاف الإلكترونية". مجلة البحوث الإسلامية 119 (2019). 229-296.
  • سالم، أحمد. توثيق الأوقاف ونماذج لحجج وقفية ومقارنتها. الكويت: الأمانة العامة للأوقاف، 2014.
  • النجران، بن محمد سليمان. "الوقف الرقمي مقاصده ومجالاته". مجلة دراسات إسلامية، 16/02 (2019). 09-34.
  • ساسي، حازم فضل الله. "استخدام تطبيقات البلوكتشين لتطوير الأصول الوقفية: منصة شركة فينترا نموذجا". مجلة الإسلام في آسيا، 16/03 (2019). 141-160.
  • حماد، حمزة. "الوقف الخيري الإلكتروني، دراسة فقهية مقارنة "أوقاف تك" نموذجاً". مجلة الدراسات الإسلامية، 32/03 (2020). 145-173.
  • الشايع، سهيل بن سليمان. الأوقاف الرقمية وأحكامها الفقهية. الرياض: مؤسسة ساعي لتطوير الوقف، 2016.
  • آلُ جَبْعانَ، ظافرُ بنُ حسنٍ. الوقفُ الخيريُّ الإلكترونيُّ. صيد الفوائد. الوصول 22 جانفي 2023. http://www.saaid.net/Doat/dhafer/93.htm
  • نعيمي، عبد المنعم. (2020). "الوقف الرقمي كرؤية استشرافية لعصرنة قطاع الأوقاف". المجلة الجزائرية للعلوم القانونية والسياسية، 57/05 (2020). 163-193.
  • Aji, Nassir Abba et al. “Chapter Twenty-Two the Pros and Cons of Digitalisation and Its Interplay In Public Complaints In Nigeria: A Focus On Public Complaints Commission (Pcc) And Service Compact For All Nigerians.” Communication and Metacommunication: A Discourse on Media and Society, 377.
  • Al-Zidaneen, Hiyam Mohammed et al. “Obstacles to Digitization in the Islamic Circle.” LINGUISTICA ANTVERPIENSIA, 1144–1155.
  • Bickauske, Daiva et al. “Analysis and Perspectives of the Level of Enterprises Digitalization (Lithuanian Manufacturing Sector Case).” Independent Journal of Management & Production 11/9 (November 1, 2020), 2291–2307. https://doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i9.1404
  • CompTIA. “Blockchain Terminology: A Glossary for Beginners.” Blockchain Advisory Council, 2022. https://comptiacdn.azureedge.net/webcontent/docs/default-source/research-reports/07576-blockchain-glossary-of-terms-r3.pdf?sfvrsn=7df7462a_0
  • Durgambini, A. Patel. Digitalisation Vis-à-Vis the Indian Labour Market: Pros and Cons. Labour Law and the Gig Economy. Routledge, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003033721-3
  • Fabri, JP - Wismayer, Karl. “How NFTs and Tokenisation Will Disrupt Tomorrow’s Economies.” Seed, 2022. https://seedconsultancy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Tokenise.pdf
  • FMW Team. “19. DAO Cryptos.” Blog. Future Money Wallet. February 27, 2022. Accessed June 27, 2022. https://www.futuremoneywallet.com/features.php?link=dao-cryptos
  • FSB. Assessment of Risks to Financial Stability from Crypto-Assets. Crypto Assets, Vulnerabilities Assessments. Financial Stability Board, February 16, 2022. Financial Stability Board. https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P160222.pdf
  • Hulla, Maria et al. “Towards Digitalization in Production in SMEs – A Qualitative Study of Challenges, Competencies and Requirements for Trainings.” Procedia CIRP 104 (2021), 887–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.11.149
  • Ingaldi, Manuela - Klimecka-Tatar, Dorota. “Digitization of the Service Provision Process - Requirements and Readiness of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector.” Procedia Computer Science 200 (2022), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.222
  • Lui, Alison - Nicholas Ryder (eds.). FinTech, Artificial Intelligence and the Law. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 1st edition., 2021.
  • Nicoletti, Bernardo. Banking 5.0: How Fintech Will Change Traditional Banks in the “New Normal” Post Pandemic. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75871-4
  • Pastrana, Sergio - Suarez-Tangil, Guillermo. “A First Look at the Crypto-Mining Malware Ecosystem: A Decade of Unrestricted Wealth.” Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference. 73–86. Amsterdam Netherlands: ACM, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/3355369.3355576
  • Pedersen, Niels. Financial Technology: Case Studies in Fintech Innovation. London, United Kingdom ; New York, NY: Kogan Page, 2021.
  • Rodríguez, Rocio et al. “Digitalization Process of Complex B2B Sales Processes – Enablers and Obstacles.” Technology in Society 62 (August 2020), 101324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101324
  • Rüth, Jan et al. “Digging into Browser-Based Crypto Mining.” Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018. 70–76. Boston MA USA: ACM, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1145/3278532.3278539
  • Sony, Michael. “Pros and Cons of Implementing Industry 4.0 for the Organizations: A Review and Synthesis of Evidence.” Production & Manufacturing Research 8/1 (January 1, 2020), 244–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2020.1781705
  • Takashima, Ikuya. Blockchain: The Ultimate Guide To The World Of Blockchain Technology, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cryptocurrency, Smart Contracts, 2017.
  • Team, Almaany. “Translation and Meaning of Hash In Arabic, English Arabic Dictionary of Terms Page 1.” 2020. Accessed March 18, 2020. https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/hash/

Integrate New Technologies to Waqf for Establish Digital Waqf The “Djamaa Al Waqf” as a model

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 65 - 86, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1474978

Abstract

The aim of this study is to establish the groundwork for a comprehensive scientific model tailored to a digital platform dedicated to Waqf, intending to serve as a fundamental framework for the widespread adoption of digital Waqf initiatives across Muslim-majority nations. To achieve this objective, the study predominantly relied on the normative method, facilitating the development of informed perspectives on the concept of "Digital Waqf." Additionally, conceptual analysis was employed to introduce novel terminologies pertinent to the intersection of technology with the traditional institution of Waqf. In this context, "Digital Waqf" emerges as a pivotal instrument that harmonizes the preservation of Islamic cultural heritage, notably the institution of Waqf, with state-of-the-art technological advancements. By integrating cutting-edge technologies such as Distributed Ledgers, Smart Contracts, and Non-Fungible Tokens, the concept of "Digital Waqf" seeks to modernize and enhance the traditional practices associated with Waqf management and administration. At the heart of this endeavor lies the conceptualization of a model for the "Digital Waqf" platform, coined as "Djamaa Al Waqf," which aims to centralize all aspects of Waqf creation and management while mitigating existing disparities among its stakeholders. The envisioned "Digital Waqf" platform represents a pragmatic and scientifically grounded model adaptable to the diverse socio-economic contexts of Muslim nations. Its prospective implementation holds the promise of substantial improvements in both the conceptualization and execution of Waqf initiatives. As a result, a primary recommendation stemming from this research underscores the imperative of fostering increased collaboration among researchers, governmental authorities, and Waqf stakeholders to sustain the momentum and progression of the "Digital Waqf" endeavor. This collaborative effort is poised to redefine the trajectory of Waqf and philanthropy, serving as a potent catalyst for fostering inclusivity and sustainable development within the Waqf ecosystem. By encapsulating traditional principles of Waqf within a digital framework empowered by cutting-edge technologies, the "Digital Waqf" platform not only preserves the essence of Islamic endowment but also paves the way for its seamless adaptation to contemporary socio-economic landscapes. Through streamlined processes facilitated by advanced digital infrastructure, "Djamaa Al Waqf" promises to revolutionize the accessibility, transparency, and efficacy of Waqf management, thereby unlocking its transformative potential across diverse communities and regions. In essence, the culmination of this study heralds a paradigm shift in the perception and practice of Waqf, propelling it towards a future characterized by innovation, efficiency, and inclusivity. By embracing the digital realm, Waqf transcends conventional boundaries, emerging as a dynamic force driving socio-economic progress and societal well-being within the Muslim world and beyond. It represents not only a technological evolution but also a reaffirmation of the enduring relevance and adaptability of Islamic principles in contemporary contexts, thereby bridging the gap between tradition and modernity in the realm of philanthropy and social welfare.

References

  • الشبل، بن إبراهيم عبد العزيز. "الأوقاف الإلكترونية". مجلة البحوث الإسلامية 119 (2019). 229-296.
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There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Arabic
Subjects Islamic Studies (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Amine Aouıssı 0000-0001-8063-0165

Mohamed Adel Kesri 0009-0006-3796-3902

Early Pub Date June 27, 2024
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date April 28, 2024
Acceptance Date June 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

ISNAD Aouıssı, Amine - Kesri, Mohamed Adel. “التأسيس للوقف الرقمي من خلال دمج التكنولوجيا الحديثة في الوقف ‘جامع الوقف’ نموذجاً”. Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 7/1 (June 2024), 65-86. https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1474978.

Contact: dinbil@alparslan.edu.tr

Religion and Science-Muş Alparslan University Faculty of Islamic Sciences Journal is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).