Öz
Bir öykünün karşıt karakteri antagonist , yani, ikinci önemli karakteri, önce Richardson'un ellerinde birinci önemli karakter konumuna yükselir; daha sonra da Gotik etki altında ana karakter konumuna çıkar. Bu durum Elizabet Çağı Tiyatrosunun "kötü adamının" ulaştığı o yüksek konumu çağrıştırır. Karakterin yazar tarafından bu şekilde kullanımı bilinçli veya bilinçsizce politik etki altındadır veya en azından ideolojiktir. Yeni Tarihçi veya Kültürel Maddeci yorumsal irdelemelerin de gösterdiği gibi, karşıt karakter antagonist politik etki altında ise "pişmankar" veya "meydan okuyucudur". Gotik karşıt karakter doğu yazınından, bilim-kurguya ve modern romanslara kadar çok çeşitli alt türlerdeki gotik dürtünün temelini oluşturarak diğer Gotik roman gelenekleri ışığında yorumlanır
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- ALTHUSSER, Louis (1986). For M arx. Trans. Ben Brewster. London: New LeftBooks.
- ANDERSON, Howard (1982). "Gothic Heroes." The English Hero, 1660-1800. Ed. Robert Folkenflik. Newark: U of Delaware P.
- BENDER, John (1987). Imagining the Penitentiary. Chicago: U of Chicago P.
- BOYER, Clarence Valentine (1964). The Villain as Hero in Elizabethan Tragedy. New York: Russell and Russell.
- CAIRNEY, Christopher Thomas (1995). "The Villain Character in the Puritan World." Diss. University of Missouri.
- DOLLIMORE, Jonathan (1990). "Critical Developments." Shakespeare: A Bibliographic Guide. Ed. Stanley Wells. Oxford: Clarendon.
- DOUGLAS, Mary (1966). Purity and Danger. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- EAGLETON, Terry (1976). Criticism and Ideology. London: Penguin.
- FOLKENFLIK, Robert (1982). "Introduction." The English Hero, 1660-1800. Newark: U of Delaware P.
- HEILMAN, Robert B (1968). Tragedy and Melodrama. Seattle: U of Washington P.
- HILL, Christopher. (1967). Reformation to Industrial Revolution. London: Penguin.
- HOWARD, Jean E. (1987). "The New Historicism in Renaissance Studies." Renaissance H istoricism . Ed. Arthur F. Kinney. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P.
- MARX, Karl. (1963). The Eighteenth Brumaire o f Louis Bonaparte, With Explanatory Notes. New York: International Publishers.
- McKEON, Michael. (1987). The Origins o f the English N ovel Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP.
- ONG, Walter J. (1982). Orality and Literacy . New York: Methuen.
- SAGE, Victor. (1988). Horror Fiction in the Protestant Tradition . New York: St. Martin’s P.
- SHAPIRO, Michael J. (1981). Language and Political Understanding . New Haven, Yale UP.
- SHARPE, J.A. (1987). Early Modern England: A Social History, 1550-1760. London: Edward Arnold.
- SPECTOR, Donald, ed. (1963). Seven Masterpieces o f Gothic Horror. New York: Bantam.
- VARMA, Devendra P. (1966). The Gothic Flame. New York: Russell and Russell.
- WATT, Ian (1957). The Rise o f the N ovel Berkeley: U of California P.
Öz
During the eighteenth-century, the antagonist, previously the second most important character in a story, becomes, first in Richardson's Clarissa, and then under Gothic influence, the main character in the novel. This recalls the “heavy” villain of Elizabethan drama. The use to which the character is put by the author is both consciously and unconsciously political or ideological, at least in part. Under political influence, the antagonist can be classified as either “repentant” or “unrepentant,” with very different effects, as a New Historicist or Cultural Materialist analysis can reveal. The Gothic antagonist is set within the Gothic novel, and together with other conventions of the Gothic novel became the basis of later interpretations of the Gothic impulse in novels of various sub-genres, from oriental fiction and science fiction to the modern romance novel.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gothic Novel Villain New Historicist Cultural Materialism Ideology Genre Fiction Romance
Kaynakça
- ALTHUSSER, Louis (1986). For M arx. Trans. Ben Brewster. London: New LeftBooks.
- ANDERSON, Howard (1982). "Gothic Heroes." The English Hero, 1660-1800. Ed. Robert Folkenflik. Newark: U of Delaware P.
- BENDER, John (1987). Imagining the Penitentiary. Chicago: U of Chicago P.
- BOYER, Clarence Valentine (1964). The Villain as Hero in Elizabethan Tragedy. New York: Russell and Russell.
- CAIRNEY, Christopher Thomas (1995). "The Villain Character in the Puritan World." Diss. University of Missouri.
- DOLLIMORE, Jonathan (1990). "Critical Developments." Shakespeare: A Bibliographic Guide. Ed. Stanley Wells. Oxford: Clarendon.
- DOUGLAS, Mary (1966). Purity and Danger. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- EAGLETON, Terry (1976). Criticism and Ideology. London: Penguin.
- FOLKENFLIK, Robert (1982). "Introduction." The English Hero, 1660-1800. Newark: U of Delaware P.
- HEILMAN, Robert B (1968). Tragedy and Melodrama. Seattle: U of Washington P.
- HILL, Christopher. (1967). Reformation to Industrial Revolution. London: Penguin.
- HOWARD, Jean E. (1987). "The New Historicism in Renaissance Studies." Renaissance H istoricism . Ed. Arthur F. Kinney. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P.
- MARX, Karl. (1963). The Eighteenth Brumaire o f Louis Bonaparte, With Explanatory Notes. New York: International Publishers.
- McKEON, Michael. (1987). The Origins o f the English N ovel Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP.
- ONG, Walter J. (1982). Orality and Literacy . New York: Methuen.
- SAGE, Victor. (1988). Horror Fiction in the Protestant Tradition . New York: St. Martin’s P.
- SHAPIRO, Michael J. (1981). Language and Political Understanding . New Haven, Yale UP.
- SHARPE, J.A. (1987). Early Modern England: A Social History, 1550-1760. London: Edward Arnold.
- SPECTOR, Donald, ed. (1963). Seven Masterpieces o f Gothic Horror. New York: Bantam.
- VARMA, Devendra P. (1966). The Gothic Flame. New York: Russell and Russell.
- WATT, Ian (1957). The Rise o f the N ovel Berkeley: U of California P.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Ocak 2001 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2001 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |