TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLE ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ İLİŞKİSİ: SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMI
Yıl 2007,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 72 - 80, 01.01.2007
Erdal Karagöl
Erman Erbaykal
H. Murat Ertuğrul
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de ekonomik büyüme ile elektrik tüketimi ilişkisi 1974-2004 dönemi için incelenmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme ve elektrik tüketimi serileri farklı derecelerden durağan I 0 ve I 1 oldukları için aralarındaki ilişki Sınır Testi yaklaşımı ile araştırılmıştır. Bu yaklaşıma göre, seriler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiş ve kısa dönemde değişkenler arasında pozitif bir ilişki ortaya çıkarken uzun dönemde bu ilişki negatif çıkmıştır.
Kaynakça
- AKARCA, A.T., LONG, T.V. (1980). On the relationship between energy and GNP: a reexamination. Journal of Energy and Development, vol. 5, pp. 326- 331.
- ALTINAY, G., KARAGOL, E. (2005). Electricity consumption and economic growth: evidence from Turkey. Energy Economics, 27, pp. 849-856.
- DICKEY, D., FULLER, W. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of American Statistical Association, vol. 74, pp. 427-431.
- ENGEL, R.F., GRANGER, C.W.J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, vol. 55, No.2, pp. 251- 276.
- EROL, U., YU, E.S.H. (1987). On the relationship between energy and income for industrialized countries. Journal of Energy and Employment, 13, pp.113-122.
- FERGUSON, R., WILKINSON, W., HILL, R. (2000). Electricity use and economic development. Energy Policy, 28, pp. 923-934.
- GHOSH, S. (2002). Electricity consumption and economic growth in india. Energy Policy, 30, pp. 125-129.
- GRANGER, C.W.J., NEWBOLD, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2 (2), pp. 111-120.
- GUJARATI, D.N (1999). Temel ekonometri, (Çev. Ü. ŞENESEN & G.G. ŞENESEN). İstanbul, Literatür Yayınları.
- JOHANSEN, S. (1988) Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 12, No. 2/3, pp. 231-254.
- JOHANSEN, S., JUSELIUS, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration - with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol. 52, No. 2, pp.169-210.
- JUMBE, C.B.L. (2004). Cointegration and causality between electricity consumption and GDP: empricial evidence from malawi. Energy Economics, 26, pp. 61-68.
- KRAFT, J., KRAFT, A. (1978) On the relationship between energy and GNP. Journal of Energy and Development, vol.3, pp. 401-403.
- MOZUMDER, P., MARATHE, A. (2007). Causality relationship between electricity consumption and GDP in Bangladesh. Energy Policy, 35 (1) pp.395- 402.
- NARAYAN, P.K., SMYTH, R. (2006) What determines migration flows from low- income to high-income countries? An empirical investigation of Fiji-US Migration 1972–2001. Contemporary Economic Policy, vol. 24, No.2, pp. 332– 342.
- NARAYAN S., NARAYAN P.K. (2004). Determinats of demand of Fiji’s exports: An empirical investigation. The Developing Economics, XVII-1 95-112.
- PESARAN, M.H., SHIN, Y., SMITH, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, pp.289- 326.
- PHILLIPS, P.C.B., PERRON, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biomètrika, 75 (2) pp. 336-346.
- ROSENBERG, N. (1998). The role of electricity in industrial development. The Energy Journal, 19, pp. 7-24.
- RUFAEL, Y.W. (2006). Electricity consumption and economic growth: A time series experience for 17 African countries. Energy Policy, 34, pp.1106–1114.
- SHIU, A.L., PUN, L. (2004). Electricity consumption and economic growth in China. Energy Policy, 32, pp. 47-54.
- STERN, D.I. (1993). Energy and economic growth in the USA: A multivariate approach. Energy Economics, 15, pp.137-150.
- (2000). Multivariate cointegration analysis of the role of energy in the US macroeconomy. Energy Economics, vol. 22, pp. 267–283.
- STERN, D.I, CLEVELAND, J.C. (2004). Energy and economic growth. Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics, pp. 1-42.
- TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). İstatistiksel Göstergeler 2004.
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN TURKEY: A BOUND TEST APPROACH
Yıl 2007,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 72 - 80, 01.01.2007
Erdal Karagöl
Erman Erbaykal
H. Murat Ertuğrul
Öz
This paper investigates relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption for Turkey over the period 1974-2004. As economic growth and electricity consumption variables used in empirical analysis was different order of integration I 0 and I 1 we employed bound test approach. We found cointegration relationship between the variables and in short run there is positive relationship between the variables however in long run there is negative relationship
Kaynakça
- AKARCA, A.T., LONG, T.V. (1980). On the relationship between energy and GNP: a reexamination. Journal of Energy and Development, vol. 5, pp. 326- 331.
- ALTINAY, G., KARAGOL, E. (2005). Electricity consumption and economic growth: evidence from Turkey. Energy Economics, 27, pp. 849-856.
- DICKEY, D., FULLER, W. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of American Statistical Association, vol. 74, pp. 427-431.
- ENGEL, R.F., GRANGER, C.W.J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, vol. 55, No.2, pp. 251- 276.
- EROL, U., YU, E.S.H. (1987). On the relationship between energy and income for industrialized countries. Journal of Energy and Employment, 13, pp.113-122.
- FERGUSON, R., WILKINSON, W., HILL, R. (2000). Electricity use and economic development. Energy Policy, 28, pp. 923-934.
- GHOSH, S. (2002). Electricity consumption and economic growth in india. Energy Policy, 30, pp. 125-129.
- GRANGER, C.W.J., NEWBOLD, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics, 2 (2), pp. 111-120.
- GUJARATI, D.N (1999). Temel ekonometri, (Çev. Ü. ŞENESEN & G.G. ŞENESEN). İstanbul, Literatür Yayınları.
- JOHANSEN, S. (1988) Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 12, No. 2/3, pp. 231-254.
- JOHANSEN, S., JUSELIUS, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration - with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol. 52, No. 2, pp.169-210.
- JUMBE, C.B.L. (2004). Cointegration and causality between electricity consumption and GDP: empricial evidence from malawi. Energy Economics, 26, pp. 61-68.
- KRAFT, J., KRAFT, A. (1978) On the relationship between energy and GNP. Journal of Energy and Development, vol.3, pp. 401-403.
- MOZUMDER, P., MARATHE, A. (2007). Causality relationship between electricity consumption and GDP in Bangladesh. Energy Policy, 35 (1) pp.395- 402.
- NARAYAN, P.K., SMYTH, R. (2006) What determines migration flows from low- income to high-income countries? An empirical investigation of Fiji-US Migration 1972–2001. Contemporary Economic Policy, vol. 24, No.2, pp. 332– 342.
- NARAYAN S., NARAYAN P.K. (2004). Determinats of demand of Fiji’s exports: An empirical investigation. The Developing Economics, XVII-1 95-112.
- PESARAN, M.H., SHIN, Y., SMITH, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, pp.289- 326.
- PHILLIPS, P.C.B., PERRON, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biomètrika, 75 (2) pp. 336-346.
- ROSENBERG, N. (1998). The role of electricity in industrial development. The Energy Journal, 19, pp. 7-24.
- RUFAEL, Y.W. (2006). Electricity consumption and economic growth: A time series experience for 17 African countries. Energy Policy, 34, pp.1106–1114.
- SHIU, A.L., PUN, L. (2004). Electricity consumption and economic growth in China. Energy Policy, 32, pp. 47-54.
- STERN, D.I. (1993). Energy and economic growth in the USA: A multivariate approach. Energy Economics, 15, pp.137-150.
- (2000). Multivariate cointegration analysis of the role of energy in the US macroeconomy. Energy Economics, vol. 22, pp. 267–283.
- STERN, D.I, CLEVELAND, J.C. (2004). Energy and economic growth. Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics, pp. 1-42.
- TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). İstatistiksel Göstergeler 2004.