ÇALIŞANLARIN GÖZÜNDEN AÇIK OFİS DENEYİMİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 149 - 163, 28.01.2022

Merve Gerçek

https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.1064650

Abstract

Modern işyeri türleri arasında sayılan ve birden fazla çalışanın açık bir alanda çalıştığı ortamlar olarak tanımlanan açık ofis/işyeri düzeni, 1970’lerden başlayarak işletmelerde giderek yaygınlaşmıştır. Açık ofisler, işletmeler için çalışanları denetleme, verimlilik ve esneklik açısından olumlu katkılara sahip olmakla birlikte, çalışanlar için gürültü, odaklanamama, örgütsel kimlik duygusunun kaybı ve mental iş yükündeki artış gibi olumsuz özelliklerinin bulunduğuna ilişkin çeşitli bulgular vardır. Bu çalışmada, açık ofiste çalışma deneyiminin derinlemesine incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda “fiziksel özellikler”, “insan ilişkileri” ve “çözüm önerileri” adında üç tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bulgulara ek olarak, çalışanların genellikle açık ofis ortamını daha kişisel hale getirmek istedikleri belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Açık Ofis, İşyeri, Çalışma Ortamı, Fiziksel Özellikler, Verimlilik

OPEN OFFICE EXPERIENCE THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMPLOYEES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Abstract

The open office as an innovative workplace type, became increasingly widespread since 1970s. While open offices have benefits for organizations regarding supervising employees, efficiency and flexibility, there are findings regarding employees to have negative features such as noise, loss of organizational identity and increase in mental workload. This study aims to assess the positive and negative effects of the open office by using qualitative research design. Three themes were named as physical properties, human relations and solution suggestions. In addition, it was concluded that employees generally want to their work spaces in open office environment divided with physical separators.

Keywords

Open Office Plan, Workplace, Physical Properties, Efficiency

References

• Alsop, R. (2015). Açık ofis çalışanları nasıl etkiliyor?. Erişim adresi: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/05/150513_vert_cap_acik_ofis.
• Becker, F. D., Gield, B., Gaylin, K. ve Sayer, S. (1983). Office design in a community college: Effect on work and communication patterns. Environment and Behavior, 15(6), 699-726.
• Bergström, J., Miller, M. ve Horneij, E. (2015). Work environment perceptions following relocation to open-plan offices: A twelve-month longitudinal study. Work, 50(2), 221-228.
• Bernstein, E. S. ve Turban, S. (2018). The impact of the ‘open’workspace on human collaboration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1753), 1-8.
• Bodin Danielsson, C., Chungkham, H. S., Wulff, C. ve Westerlund, H. (2014). Office design's impact on sick leave rates. Ergonomics, 57(2), 139-147.
• Borzykowski, B. (2016). The frustrating disruptions that come with working in an open-plan office can play havoc with our concentration. How do you get around it, without being rude?, Erişim adresi: https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20161128-the-solution-for-open-office-frustration
• Brennan, A., Chugh, J. S. ve Kline, T. (2002). Traditional versus open office design: A longitudinal field study. Environment and Behavior, 34(3), 279-299.
• Brookes, M. J. ve Kaplan, A. (1972). The office environment: Space planning and affective behavior. Human Factors, 14(5), 373-391.
• Carlopio, J. R. ve Gardner, D. (1992). Direct and interactive effects of the physical work environment on attitudes. Environment and Behavior, 24(5), 579-601.
• Danielsson, C. B. ve Bodin, L. (2008). Office type in relation to health, well-being, and job satisfaction among employees. Environment and Behavior, 40(5), 636-668.
• Danielsson, C. B. ve Bodin, L. (2009). Difference in satisfaction with offıce. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 26(3), 241.
• De Been, I. ve Beijer, M. (2014). The influence of office type on satisfaction and perceived productivity support. Journal of Facilities Management, 12(2), 142-157.
• Elsbach, K. (2013). Perceptual biases and misinterpretation of artifacts. Anat Rafaeli, Michael G. Pratt (Eds.). Artifacts and Organizations içinde (s.77-98). Psychology Press.
• Elsbach, K. D. (2003). Relating physical environment to self-categorizations: Identity threat and affirmation in a non-territorial office space. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48(4), 622-654.
• Elsbach, K. D. ve Bechky, B. A. (2007). It's more than a desk: Working smarter through leveraged office design. California Management Review, 49(2), 80-101.
• Gerçek, M. (2020). Geleneksel ve yenilikçi işyeri (ofis) düzeni türlerinin Çalışanlar üzerindeki etkileri: Karşılaştırmalı bir derleme çalışması. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 55, 91-116.
• Güneş, E., Yıldırım, K. ve Akkuş, B. (2019). Açık ofislerde kullanılan çalışma masası panel renklerinin çalışanların algısal performansı üzerindeki etkileri. Online Journal of Art and Design, 7(3), 1-10.
• Hedge, A. (1982). The open-plan office: A systematic investigation of employee reactions to their work environment. Environment and Behavior, 14(5), 519-542.
• Huimin, L., Junjie, Q. ve Hui, H. (2019). Explore which industries are suitable for open office: Through an experiment on the impact of noise on individual job performance. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 67(6), 422-437.
• Ilozor D., Love B. P. E. ve Treloar, G. (2002). The impact of work settings on organisational performance measures in built facilities. Facilities, 20(1/2), 61-67.
• Kaufmann-Buhler, J. (2016). Progressive partitions: the promises and problems of the American open plan office. Design and Culture, 8(2), 205-233.
• Kayan, N. (2009). Çok katlı ofis yapıları ve açık ofis planlama yaklaşımları/ Harmancı Giz Plaza, Sabancı Center, Kanyon ve Nida Kule örneklerinde açık ofis planlama yaklaşımlarının irdelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Kirchner, M. (2019). Is an open-floor office plan the right decision for your company? An analysis of traditional office v. open-floor office environments (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Page University, USA.
• Langer, J., Smith, A. P. ve Taylour, J. (2019). Occupant psychological wellbeing and environmental satisfaction after an open-plan office redesign. In: Charles, R. & Golightly, D. (eds), Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2019. Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors. Pp. 223-233. ISBN: 978-1-9996527-1-5.
• Marans, R. W. ve Yan, X. Y. (1989). Lighting quality and environmental satisfaction in open and enclosed offices. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 6(2), 118-131.
• McElroy, J. C. ve Morrow, P. C. (2010). Employee reactions to office redesign: A naturally occurring quasi-field experiment in a multi-generational setting. Human Relations, 63(5), 609-636.
• Morrison, R. L. ve Smollan, R. K. (2020). Open plan office space? If you're going to do it, do it right: A fourteen-month longitudinal case study. Applied Ergonomics, 82, 102933.
• Muzaffar, P. N. A., Noor, N. M. ve Mahmud, S. A. (2020). A Comparative study on the ımpacts of open plan and closed offıce layout towards employees’perceived productivity. Jurnal Penyelidikan Sains Sosial (JOSSR), 3(6), 49-58.
• Nathan, M. ve Doyle, J. (2002). The State of the Office: The politics and geography of working space. London: Industrial Society.
• Oldham, G. R. ve Brass, D. J. (1979). Employee reactions to an open-plan office: A naturally occurring quasi-experiment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 267-284.
• Oldham, G. R. ve Rotchford, N. L. (1983). Relationships between office characteristics and employee reactions: A study of the physical environment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(4), 542-556.
• O'Neill, M. J. (1994). Environmental design and worker control for preventing WMSDs. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 38(7), 424-428.
• Oommen, V. G., Knowles, M. ve Zhao, I. (2008). Should health service managers embrace open plan work environments?: A review. Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, 3(2), 37.
• Pejtersen, J. H., Feveile, H., Christensen, K. B. ve Burr, H. (2011). Sickness absence associated with shared and open-plan offices - a national cross sectional questionnaire survey. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 37(5), 376-382.
• Smith-Jackson, T. L. ve Klein, K. W. (2009). Open-plan offices: Task performance and mental workload. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(2), 279-289.
• Smollan, R. K. ve Morrison, R. L. (2019). Office design and organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 32 (4), 426-440.
• Stallworth Jr, O. E. ve Kleiner, B. H. 1996. Recent developments in office design. Facilities, 14(1/2), 34-42.
• Storey, L. (2007). Doing interpretative phenomenological analysis. İçinde Lyons, E. ve Coyle, A. (Der.) Analysing Qualitative Data in Psychology (ss. 51-64). Sage.
• Sundstrom, E., Herbert, R. K. ve Brown, D. W. (1982). Privacy and communication in an open-plan office: A case study. Environment and Behavior, 14(3), 379-392.
• Şahin A. (2017). Ofislerin yeni normali. Fortune Turkey. Erişim adresi https://www.fortuneturkey.com/ofislerin-yeni-normali-42849.
• Vega, R. J. C., Gale, S. P., Kim, Y., Hong, S. ve Yang, E. (2020). Does an open-plan office actually work? A workplace gap analysis: importance and perceived support of key activities. Journal of Corporate Real Estate. 22(3), 1-17.
• Vos, P. G. J. C., van Meel, J. ve Dijcks, A. (1999). The office, the whole office and nothing but the office: A framework of workplace concepts, Version 1.2. Department of Real Estate & Project Management, Delft University of Technology.
• Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (8.baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Yildirim, K., Akalin-Baskaya, A. ve Celebi, M. (2007). The effects of window proximity, partition height, and gender on perceptions of open-plan offices. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(2), 154-165.