RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOR SHARE AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 79 - 99, 22.07.2025

Eda Özovacı

Öz

Human development is an important issue because it increases the welfare of countries, provides better living conditions for individuals, and influences economic development decisions. Labor share is an important socioeconomic indicator in terms of welfare due to many factors such as technological development, globalization, and privatization policies. The share of labor in income plays a crucial role in consumption preferences, as it directly impacts individuals’ living standards. In this study, the relationship between labor share and human development for 26 developing and 32 developed countries during the period 1990-2019 was analyzed using the Driscoll and Kraay estimator. The findings show that the labor share has a significant and negative effect on human development in both developed and developing countries However, GDP per capita, human capital, and financial development have a significant positive effect on human development across both country groups. A significant negative relationship has been found between inflation, exchange rate and human development in developed and developing countries. Although a significantand positive relationship was found between trade openness, capital openness and human development in developed countries, no significant relationship was found in developing countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human Development , Labor Share , Driscoll-Kraay Estimator , Developed Countries , Developing Countries

EMEK PAYI VE İNSANİ GELİŞME İLİŞKİSİ: GELİŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDEN KANITLAR

Öz

İnsani gelişme ülkelerin refah düzeylerini artırdığı, bireylere daha iyi yaşam koşulları sağladığı ve ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınma kararlarında etkili olduğundan üzerinde durulması gereken bir konudur. Emek payı ise teknolojik gelişme, küreselleşme, özelleştirme politikaları gibi birçok etkenden dolayı refah açısından önemli bir sosyoekonomik göstergedir. Emeğin gelir içindeki payı, bireylerin yaşam standartlarını doğrudan etkileyen bir unsur olduğu için tüketim tercihlerinde de önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 1990-2019 döneminde 26 gelişmekte olan ve 32 gelişmiş ülke için emek payı ve insani gelişme ilişkisi Driscoll ve Kraay tahmincisi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ulaşılan bulgular hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde emek payının insani gelişme üzerinde anlamlı ve negatif bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kişi başına düşen GSYİH, beşeri sermaye ve finansal gelişmenin insani gelişme üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde enflasyon, döviz kuru ve insani gelişme arasında anlamlı ve negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde ticari açıklık, sermaye açıklığı ve insani gelişme arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki görülmesine rağmen gelişmekte olan ülkelerde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler , İnsani Gelişme , Emek Payı , Driscoll-Kraay Tahmincisi , Gelişmiş Ülkeler

Kaynakça

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