EVALUATION OF GENOTOXIC DAMAGE WITH MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN PLANTS

Abstract

From the beginning, different factors have been polluting the environment. However, the intensity and the severity of different kinds of pollution has drastically increased over the last years. The increase of pollution by the release of genotoxic chemicals has affected the ecosystem and the health of organisms, including humans. There is a need for quick and precise methods for the detection and evaluation of air, water and soil contamination and their effects on organisms. The meristematic mitotic cells of plant roots are appropriate and efficient cytogenetic materials for the detection of genotoxicity of environmental pollutants. Among several cytological methods in these fast dividing cells, such as chromosome/chromatid aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and micronuclei, the most effective and simplest indicator of cytological damage is micronucleus formation. The micronucleus test in plants is widely used in toxicology for the assessment of the genotoxic profile of chemical compounds of environmental concern. The aim of this review is to inform about the micronucleus (MN) technique in plants which is considered to be an indirect indication for numerical and structural aberrations of chromosomes.

Keywords

• Genotoxicity,micronucleus assay in plants,micronucleus frequency

BİTKİLERDE MİKRONÜKLEUS TESTİ İLE GENOTOKSİK HASARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

İnsanlığın varoluşundan günümüze kadar çevre değişik faktörlerin etkisi ile kirletilmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda bu kirliliğin yoğunluğu ve şiddeti önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Genotoksik kimyasalların salınımı ile meydana gelen bu kirlilik artışı ekosistemi ve insanların da içinde bulunduğu tüm organizmaları olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bundan dolayı hava, su ve toprak kontaminantları ve bunların organizmalara etkisini belirlemek amacıyla hızlı ve kesin metotlara ihtiyaç vardır. Bitki köklerinin meristematik mitotik hücreleri çevresel kirleticilerin genotoksisitesinin değerlendirilmesi için uygun ve etkili sitogenetik materyallerdir. Kromozom/kromatid aberasyonu, kardeş kromatid değişimi ve mikronükleus gibi birçok sitolojik yöntemler arasında sitolojik hasarların değerlendirilmesinde en etkili ve kolay uygulanabilen metotlardan biri mikronükleus oluşumudur. Bitkilerde kullanılan mikronükleus testi çevreyle ilgili kimyasal maddelerin genotoksik profillerinin değerlendirilmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sayısal ve yapısal kromozom aberasyonlarının indirekt göstergesi olarak bilinen mikronükleus testinin bitkilerde kullanımının değerlendirilmesidir.

Keywords

• Genotoksisite,bitkilerde mikronükleus testi,mikronükleus sıklığı

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