THE EVALUATION OF BLASTING INDUCED GROUND VIBRATION MEASUREMENT RESULTS

Abstract

Abstract. The principal environmental disturbances created by blasting in open pit mines are ground vibrations, air blast and fly rock. All of them can, under some

circumstances, cause damage to civil structures nearby and, apart from this, be the source of permanent conflict with the inhabitants who live close to the operation.

Therefore, prediction of ground vibration components is of great importance for the minimization of the environmental complaints. In this study, the potential impact of ground vibrations produced from blasting operations performed at Arakh- Tasonu limestone quarry on the school, mosque, historic place and village houses was investigated. The current method of excavation, which is based on cautious bench blasting with vertical or angle holes, was evaluated by measuring ground vibration components at different locations. From the statistical analysis of the results. the peak particle velocity equation was constructed with a coefficient of determination 0.71 in order to predict the ground vibrations resulting from the blasting activities in the quarry. Higher coefficients of determination were obtained for each bench and sensor location. Using the general equation obtained, it was aimed to establish a

scaled distance table, which will be used as a guide for future blasting operations to adjust blasting parameters and hence to reduce environmental impact. It was found

that 2.63%, 78.95% and 18.42% of blast induced ground vibrations had a frequency of 5-12 Hz, 13-40 Hz and higher than 40 Hz, respectively. The intensity of the air blast in all measurements was recorded below 140 dB, which is the level of human annoyance. The experimental vibration data showed that the peak particle velocity increased with increasing the charge weight per delay while it decreased with increasing the distance from the blast location towards the measuring point. The correlations between "PPV -Acceleration", "PPV -Displacernent" and Frequency- Displacement" were evaluated using

Keywords

• Open-Pit Blasting,Seismic Measurements,Ground Vibration

PATLATMA KAYNAKLI YERSARSINTISI ÖLÇÜM SONUÇLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

A~lk ocaklarda yapilan patlatma faaliyetleri sirasmda ortaya cikan bashca cevresel sorunlar yer sarsmnsi, hava soku ve kaya firlamasidrr. Bu tur sorunlar bazi kosullar altinda ~evre yaprlar uzerinde hasara neden olabildikleri gibi, patlatmah kazi

~all~malanmn yurutuldugu yerlerin yakmmda yasayan sakinlerle de sUrekli

anlasmazhklann kaynagt olabilirler. Bu nedenle; bu tur olumsuz etkileri en aza

indirecek ve Uretim hedeflerini aksatmayacak kontrollu bir patlatma modelinin ortaya konulmasi icin, patlatma sonucu olusacak yer sarsmnsmm tahrninine yonelik

~all~malar buyuk onern tasimaktadir. Bu ~all~mada, Arakli- Tasonu kalker ocagmda Uretim esnasmda patlatmadan kaynaklanan titresirnlerin ~evredeki okul, carni, tarihi eser ve evlere olan etkileri arasnnlrrusnr. Bu kapsamda, halen uygulanan basamakh

dusey delik patlatma kazi modeli incelenmis ve gerceklestirilen basamakh atimlara eslik edilerek yersarsrnnsi sinyalleri ol~UlmU~ttir. Yapilan istatistiksel analizler

neticesinde, patlatma sonrasi a~lga cikacak titresirnlerin onceden tahrninine yonelik istatistiksel esitlik 0.71 kararhhk katsayrsi ile bulunmustur. Her basamakta yapilan

atimlar ve her istasyonda olculen atrrnlar ayn ayn degerlendirildiginde daha yuksek kararhhk katsayrlan elde edilrnistir. Elde edilen esitlik kullandarak bundan sonra bu bolgede yapilacak patlatmalar icin kilavuz gorevi gorecek bir olcekli mesafe tablosu

olusturulmus ve patlatmadan kaynaklanan cevresel etkilerin en aza indirilrnesi ile

patlatma kosullanrun iyilesnrilmesi amaclanrrusnr. Attmlar sonucu olusan

titresirnlerin frekans degerlerinin %2.63'nUn 5-12 Hz arasmda, %78.95'inin 13-40

Hz arasmda, %18.42'sinin ise 40 Hz den daha yuksek oldugu gorulrnustur, TUm hava

soku kayitlan gurultuden rahatsiz olma seviyesi olan 140 dB degerinden dusuk

~lklTIl~tlr. Elde edilen verilerden maksimum parcacik hizmm gecikme basma kullarulan patlayrci rniktanmn artmasi ile yukseldigi, uzakhgm artrnasiyla dU~tUgU gorulrnustur. Aynca yapilan 38 adet OI~Um sonucuna gore srrasi ile "ppy-tvrne",

"Pl'V -Yer Degisrirme" ve "Frekans- Yer Degistirme" arasmdaki  ilişki degerlendirilmisrir.

Keywords

• Tas Deagl Patlatmalan,Sismik Olfiimler,yer sarsıntısı

References

1. [1] Er\lkdl, B., Kesimal, A., Yilmaz, E., Kaya, R., Bafra Yiiresi Titrekkaya Mevkii Tasocaginin Uretiminde Patlatmadan Kaynaklanan Titresimlerin Bolgedeki Tarihi Yaptlar Uzerindeki Etkisinin Belirlenmesi, 3. Ulusal Kirmatas Sempozyumu, Istanbul, (2003),221-229.
2. [2] Kaya, R., Kesimal, A., Yilmaz, E., En;lkdl, B., A Review of Environmental Effects Resulting From Quarry Blasting, 3rd Intern. Conference SGEM 2003, Modem Man. of Mine Producing, Geology and Environ. Protection, Bulgaria, (2003) 87-96.
3. [3] Kahriman, A., Gorgun, S., Karadogan, A., Tuncer, G., A~lk Ocak Basamak Patlatmalanndan Kaynaklanan Yer Sarstnttsi Hizitun Tahmini: Can Linyit Isletmesi'nde Ornek Bir Caltsma, Turkiye 17. Uluslar arasi Madencilik Kongresi ve Sergisi - TUMAKS 2001, Ankara, (2001) 29-38.
4. [4] Esen, S., Bilgin, H.A., Evaluation of Blast Vibrations From Sekkoy Surface Coal Mine in Turkey, Proceedings of 2ih Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Techniques, Editor: P.Sterk, International Society of Explosive Engineers Orlando, Florida, USA, (2001) 313-327.
5. [5] Dowding, C.H., Blast Vibration Monitoring and Control,Prentice-Hall, (1985), 297 pages.
6. [6] Siskind, D. E., Stagg, M.S., Kopp, r.w., Dowding, C.H.,Structure Response and Damage Produced by Ground Vibration from Surface Mine Blasting, RI 8507, Bureau of Mines, (1980), 74pages.
7. [7] Anonim, Explosives ill Opencast Minig, (1975).
8. [8] Bilgin, H.A, Esen, S., ve KIll~, M., Patlatma Kaynakli Yer Sarstnttlaruun Binalar Urerindeki Etkisi ve Biiyiitme Faktoriiniin Onemi, 16. Madencilik Kongresi, Ankara, (1999) 25-32.

9. [9] Tezel N., , Kontrollii Patlatma, Nitro-MAK Sektorel Dergi, (2003), No.1, 26-29.
10. [10] Kahriman, A., Kesimal, A., Tuncer, G., Prediction and Measurement of Environmental Problems Produced From Blasting. Second International Symposium on Mine Environmental Engineering, (1998), 231-239.
11. [11] Singh, P.K., Roy, P.M., Singh, K.R., Responses of Roof and Pillars of Underground Coal Mines to Vibration Induced by Adjacent Open-Pit Blasting, Environmental Geology, (2004), In Press.
12. [12] Kahriman, A, Analysis of Parameters of Ground Vibration Produced From Bench Blasting at A Limestone Quarry. Soil Dynamics and Eartquake Engineering, (2004), 24, 887-892.
13. [13] Aldas, O.O.u. and Bilgin, H.A., Effect of Some Rock Mass Properties on Blasting-Induced Ground Vibration Wave Characteristics, CIM Bulletin, (2004),97(1079),52-59.
14. [14] Kahriman, A, and Ceylanoglu, A, Blast Design And Optimization Studies For a Celestite Open-Pit Mine III Turkev, Mineral Resource Engineering. (1996).5(2).93-100.
15. [15] Costa, E. S. and Ayderes, S .. Practice! Way to Reduce Environmental Rock Blasting Problems, Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production Proceedings, Cagliari, (1996), 291-297.
16. [16] Ercikdi, B., Arakli-Tasonii Kalker Ocaginda Yaptlan Atimlartn Cevresel Etkilerinin Degerlendirilmesi, Yuksek Lisans Tezi, Trabzon, (2004), 130 sayfa.
17. [17] Erguvanh, K., Trabzon Cimento Fabrikasi Arakli-Tasonii Kiiyi: Hammadde Raporu, (1975), 30 sayfa.
18. [18] Ercikdr, B., Kesimal, A, Yilmaz, E., Safety Evaluation Of A Historic Place and School Close To Limestone Quarry Blasts, International Conference SGEM 2004, Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection, Bulgaria, (2004), 181-192.
19. [19] Ercrkdi, B., Kesimal, A., Yilmaz, E., Araklt-Tasonu Kalker Ocagtnda Patlatma Kaynaklt Yer Sarsmttlaruun Degerlendirilmesi, KAYAMEK'2004-VII Bolgesel Kaya Mekanigi Sempozyumu, Sivas, (2004),337-347.
20. [20] Kesimal, A, Ercikdi, B., Kaya, R., Yllmaz, E., Trabzon iii, Arakli Ilcesi, Tasonii Kiiyi! Hudutlartnda Bulunan Kalker Tasocaginin Uretiminde Patlatmadan Kaynaklanan Titresim Olciim Sonuclan ve Degerlendirilmesi, KTO, Doner Sermaye Projesi, Trabzon. (2003), 60 sayfa.
21. [21] Kahriman, A, Gorgun, S., Karadogan, A, Tuncer, G., T~lt Araclan yan Sanayi Altyapt Insaattnda Patlatmadan Kaynaklanan Titresim Olfumleri ve Degerlendirilmesi, 4. Delme ve Patlatma Sempozyumu, Ankara, (2000),125-134.
22. [22] Bilgin, H.A, Esen, S., Klh~, M., , TKi Can Linyit Isletmesinde Patlatmalann Yol A(tlgl Cevre Sorunlartnin Giderilmesi Icin Arasttrma, ODTO, Nihai Rapor, Ankara, (1998), 19 sayfa.
23. [23] ISEE, Blasters Handbook, International Society of Explosives Engineers, Cleveland, Ohio, (1998), 742 pages.