Research Article

Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations

Number: 1 April 29, 2026
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Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations

Abstract

Over the three decades following trade liberalization, countries have formed trade, economic, and political unions. In contrast to the European Union (EU), other formations such as BRICS, where membership criteria remain relatively ambiguous, have emerged. In such cases, institutional and structural similarities, along with trade motivations, play a significant role in determining admission. Despite the differences in governance and accession criteria, Turkey faces partial integration offers in both institutions without full membership. A review of the literature reveals that three key mechanisms exist in Turkey’s engagement with the EU and BRICS: asymmetric interdependence, institutional gatekeeping, and strategic flexibility. These can be explained through trade orientation, formal and informal rules of acceptance, alongside selective cooperation models. Therefore, partial integration should not be interpreted as an incomplete process; rather, is an equilibrium based on mutual hybrid integration. This form appears due to the coexistence of flexibility and selective gatekeeping, alongside conditions of unequal interdependence between the parties. To explain this duality, the paper argues that differentiated integration, beyond traditional arrangements, can strengthen Turkey’s position. In conclusion, when a candidate exhibits geographical, ideological, and structural similarities with multiple blocs, intermediate forms may produce more sustainable outcomes than constant candidacy or transitional membership status.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

There is no data which require ethical approval

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

International Economics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

April 29, 2026

Submission Date

December 9, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 27, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 1

APA
Nemlioğlu, İ. (2026). Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations. İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 16-24. https://izlik.org/JA38GE76MG
AMA
1.Nemlioğlu İ. Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations. İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2026;(1):16-24. https://izlik.org/JA38GE76MG
Chicago
Nemlioğlu, İlayda. 2026. “Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional Mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations”. İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi, no. 1: 16-24. https://izlik.org/JA38GE76MG.
EndNote
Nemlioğlu İ (April 1, 2026) Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations. İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi 1 16–24.
IEEE
[1]İ. Nemlioğlu, “Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations”, İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi, no. 1, pp. 16–24, Apr. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA38GE76MG
ISNAD
Nemlioğlu, İlayda. “Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional Mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations”. İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi. 1 (April 1, 2026): 16-24. https://izlik.org/JA38GE76MG.
JAMA
1.Nemlioğlu İ. Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations. İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2026;:16–24.
MLA
Nemlioğlu, İlayda. “Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional Mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations”. İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 16-24, https://izlik.org/JA38GE76MG.
Vancouver
1.İlayda Nemlioğlu. Misfit or Strategic Partner? The Role of Gatekeeping, Geopolitics, and Institutional mechanisms on Turkey’s EU–BRICS Relations. İktisadi Araştırmalar Dergisi [Internet]. 2026 Apr. 1;(1):16-24. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA38GE76MG