MESLEKİ İŞ BİRLİĞİNİN ÖRGÜTSEL YALNIZLIĞA ETKİSİ
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: 15, 1 - 11, 30.06.2025
Hasan Saltuk Durak
,
Mehmet Fatih Kanoğlu
Öz
Bu çalışma, sağlık çalışanlarının mesleki işbirliği ile örgütsel yalnızlık algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve mesleki işbirliğinin sağlık çalışanlarının duygusal ve sosyal yalnızlık duyguları üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada, sağlık sektöründe mesleki işbirliği ve örgütsel yalnızlık arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve veriler anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Yozgat ili şehir hastanesinde çalışan 121 doktor ve 850 hemşire oluşturmaktadır. 320 katılımcıdan elde edilen verilerin 314’ü dikkate alınmış ve verilerin analizi SPSS 26 paket programı ile test edilmiştir. Regresyon analizleri sonucunda mesleki işbirliği ile örgütsel yalnızlık arasında negatif bir etki olduğu ve mesleki işbirliğinin sosyal yalnızlığı negatif yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Örgütsel yalnızlığın alt boyutlarından ortak eğitim ve ekip çalışması, bakım ve hekim baskınlığı bağımsız alt değişkenlerinin sosyal yalnızlık üzerinde negatif etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Mesleki işbirliği alt boyutlarının ise duygusal yalnızlık üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Mesleki işbirliği arttıkça örgütsel yalnızlık ve onun alt boyutu olan sosyal yalnızlık düzeyinin azaldığı görülmektedir.
Kaynakça
-
Alderwick, H., Hutchings, A. & Mays, N. (2024). Cross-sector collaboration to reduce health inequalities: a qualitative study of local collaboration between health care, social services, and other sectors under health system reforms in England. BMC Public Health 24, 2613. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20089-5
-
Ayazlar, G., ve Güzel, B. (2014). The effect of loneliness in the workplace on organizational commitment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.124
-
Bitter, J., van Veen-Berkx, E. & Gooszen, H.G. (2016). Multidisciplinary teamwork is an important issue to healthcare professionals.
-
Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for socialconnection. WW Norton & Company.
-
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. Psychology and aging, 25(2), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017216
-
Cantaert, G. R., Pype, P., Valcke, M., & Lauwerier, E. (2022). Interprofessional Identity in Health and Social Care: Analysis and Synthesis of the Assumptions and Conceptions in the Literature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(22), 14799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214799
-
Cengiz, B., Ayar, D., Arkan, G., & Bektaş, İ. (2020). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sosyal, duygusal yalnızlık düzeyleri ve yeme davranışlarının incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 13(1), 2-9.
-
Charalampous M, Grant CA, Tramontano C & Michailidis E. (2019). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: a multidimensional approach. Eur J Work Organ Psy. 28:51–73. doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2018.1541886
-
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson.
-
Çiçek, İ. (2021). Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Association between Loneliness and Psychological and Subjective Well-Being in University Students. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.817660
-
D'Amour, D., Ferrada-Videla, M., San Martin Rodriguez, L., & Beaulieu, M. D. (2005). The conceptual basis for interprofessional collaboration: core concepts and theoretical frameworks. Journal of interprofessional care, 19 Suppl 1, 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820500082529
-
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
-
Doğan, T., Çetin, B. ve Sungur, M. Z. (2009). İş yaşamında yalnızlık ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10(6), 271-277.
-
Esenkaya, D. (2021). Cerrahi kliniklerde çalışan hekim ve hemşire işbirliğinin hemşirelerin tıbbi hata yapma eğilimi üzerine etkisi. Yükseklisans tezi. Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Yozgat.
-
George, D. & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
-
Goldstein, L. & Marsh, A. (2017). Examining interprofessional collaboration: There is no 'I' in healthcare team. Otolaryngology Online Journal, 7(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-119X.1000303
-
Güneş, S. ve Karaca, A. (2024). Bir Kamu Kurumunda Örgütsel Dedikodu ile İş Yeri Yalnızlığı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 7(1), 28-46. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1343733
-
Hasyim, W., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2019). The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in the Organizational Climate and Work Engagement Relationship. 229(Iciap 2018), 990–999. https://doi.org/10.2991/iciap-18.2019.81
-
Hedqvist, A.T., C. Lindberg, H., Hagerman, A., Svensson & M. Ekstedt (2024). Negotiating care in organizational borderlands: a grounded theory of inter-organizational collaboration in coordination of care. BMC Health Services Research 24(1): 1438.
-
Hojat, M. Gonnella, J. S. & Nasca T. J. (2003). Comparisons of American, Israeli, Italian and Mexican physicians and nurses on the total and factor scores of the Jeferson scale of attitudes toward physician-nurse collaborative relationships, International Journal of Nursing Studies. 40(4). 427–435.
-
Kahn, R. L. & Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in Organizations. In M. D. Dunnette and L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 571-650).
-
Karagöz, Y. (2014). Bioistatistik SPSS 21.1 Uygulamalı. Nobel Yayınları, Ankara.
-
Kuven, B.M., Drageset, J. & Haugan, G. (2023). Quality of life and nurse-patient interaction among NH residents: Loneliness is detrimental, while nurse-patient interaction is fundamental. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16645
-
Lam, L.W. & Lau, D. (2012). Feeling lonely at work: investigating the consequences of unsatisfactory workplace relationships. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.665070
-
Lawlor B., O’Sullivan R., Leavey G. & Lubben J. (2024) Do doctors appreciate that social isolation and loneliness are health issues? Front. Public Health 12:1477228. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1477228
-
Lewis, M.E., & Myhra, L.L. (2017). Integrated care with indigenous populations: a systematic review of the literature. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 24(3), 88-101.
-
Lowman, G. H., Kessler, S. R. & Pindek, S. (2023). The permeation of loneliness into the workplace: An examination of robustness and persistence over time. Applied Psychology, 72(4), 781-800.
https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12510
-
Machin, T., Jones, D. & Harris, P. (2009). Understanding collaboration in integrated care systems: A qualitative study. Health Services Management Research, 22(3), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1258/hsmr.2008.008015
-
Magalhães, C. M., Machado, C. F. & Nunes, C. P. (2022). Loneliness in Leadership: A Study Applied to the Portuguese Banking Sector. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040130
-
Malokani, D.K.A.K., Wagan, S.A., Mahar Q. & Kazi S.. (2023). Impact of work-life conflict and perceived alternative job opportunities on turnover intention: Evidence from the banking sector of Sindh, Pakistan. Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(2):208-21
-
Meese, K. A., Boitet, LM, Sweeney, KL., Katherine L. & Rogers D. A. (2024). Perceived stress from social isolation or loneliness among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers during COVID-19. BMC Public Health 24, 1010. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18363-7
-
Meese, K. A., Colón-López, A., Singh, J. A., Burkholder, G. A., & Rogers, D. A. (2021). Healthcare is a Team Sport: Stress, Resilience, and Correlates of Well-Being Among Health System Employees in a Crisis. Journal of healthcare management / American College of Healthcare Executives, 66(4), 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1097/JHM-D-20-00288
-
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson Education Limited.
-
O'Hare, D., Gaughran, F., Stewart, R. & Pinto da Costa, M. (2024). A cross-sectional investigation on remote working, loneliness, workplace isolation, well-being and perceived social support in healthcare workers. BJPsych open, 10(2), e50. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2024.7
-
O'Leary, K. J., Sehgal, N. L., Terrell, G., Williams, M. V. & High Performance Teams and the Hospital of the Future Project Team (2012). Interdisciplinary teamwork in hospitals: a review and practical recommendations for improvement. Journal of hospital medicine, 7(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.970
-
Öztekin, G. G. (2024). The Effects of Social Anxiety on Subjective Well-Being among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Mindfulness and Loneliness. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.1433959
-
Paque, K., Bastiaens, H., Van Bogaert, P. & Dilles, T. (2018). Living in a nursing home: a phenomenological study exploring residents’ loneliness and other feelings. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/scs.12599
-
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
-
Shanafelt, T. D., West, C. P., Dyrbye, L. N., Trockel, M., Tutty, M., Wang, H., Carlasare, L. E., & Sinsky, C. (2022). Changes in Burnout and Satisfaction With Work-Life Integration in Physicians During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 97(12), 2248–2258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.09.002
-
Taşpınar, Y. ve Eryeşil, K. (2021). Örgütsel güven, psikolojik iyi oluş ve işyeri yalnızlığı ilişkisi üzerine bir alan araştırması. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(22), 355-372. https://doi.org/10.20990/kılısııbfakademık.880931
-
Usal, A. ve Kuşluvan, Z. (2006). Davranış Bilimleri Sosyal Psikoloji (5.Baskı). Barış Yayınları, İzmir.
Vafadar, Z. (2020). The necessity of teamwork and inter-professional collaboration in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Medicine, 46(5), 759-760.
-
Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation.
-
West, M. A., Patera, J. L. & Carsten, M. K. (2006). Team level positivity: Investigating positive psychological capacities and team level outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(4), 407-421.
https://doi.org/10.1002/job.379
-
Wright S.L., Burt C.D.B. & Strongman K.T., (2006). Loneliness in the workplace: Construct definition and scale development. NZ J Psychol; 35:59-68.
-
Wright, S. L. & Silard, A. (2021). Unraveling the antecedents of loneliness in the workplace. Human Relations, 74(10), 1740-1767.
-
Yıldırım, A., Aktaş, T., ve Akdaş, A. (2006). Tıp fakültesi ve hemşirelik yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde hekim - hemşire işbirliği. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 5(3): 166-175
-
Zuzelo, P. (2019). Partnering for holistic and safe care: Interprofessional collaboration. Holistic Nursing Practice, 33(5), 259-261. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000343
THE EFFECT OF PROFESSIONAL COOPERATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL LONELINESS
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: 15, 1 - 11, 30.06.2025
Hasan Saltuk Durak
,
Mehmet Fatih Kanoğlu
Öz
This study aims to examine the relationship between professional collaboration and organizational loneliness perceptions of healthcare professionals and to determine the effects of professional collaboration on emotional and social loneliness of healthcare professionals. In this study, quantitative research method was used to examine the relationship between professional collaboration and organizational loneliness in the health sector and data were collected through a survey. The universe of the study consisted of 121 doctors and 850 nurses working in city hospitals in Yozgat province. 314 of the data obtained from 320 participants were taken into consideration and the data analysis was tested with SPSS 26 package program. Regression analyses revealed that only the variable “Nurse Autonomy” had a significant effect on “Emotional Loneliness”, while the effect of other variables was not significant. Only “Physician Dominance” had a significant effect on “Social Loneliness”, while the effect of other variables was limited. It is suggested that nurses' level of independence may decrease the feeling of emotional loneliness, while physician dominance may increase the feeling of social loneliness.
Kaynakça
-
Alderwick, H., Hutchings, A. & Mays, N. (2024). Cross-sector collaboration to reduce health inequalities: a qualitative study of local collaboration between health care, social services, and other sectors under health system reforms in England. BMC Public Health 24, 2613. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20089-5
-
Ayazlar, G., ve Güzel, B. (2014). The effect of loneliness in the workplace on organizational commitment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.124
-
Bitter, J., van Veen-Berkx, E. & Gooszen, H.G. (2016). Multidisciplinary teamwork is an important issue to healthcare professionals.
-
Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for socialconnection. WW Norton & Company.
-
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. Psychology and aging, 25(2), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017216
-
Cantaert, G. R., Pype, P., Valcke, M., & Lauwerier, E. (2022). Interprofessional Identity in Health and Social Care: Analysis and Synthesis of the Assumptions and Conceptions in the Literature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(22), 14799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214799
-
Cengiz, B., Ayar, D., Arkan, G., & Bektaş, İ. (2020). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sosyal, duygusal yalnızlık düzeyleri ve yeme davranışlarının incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 13(1), 2-9.
-
Charalampous M, Grant CA, Tramontano C & Michailidis E. (2019). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: a multidimensional approach. Eur J Work Organ Psy. 28:51–73. doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2018.1541886
-
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson.
-
Çiçek, İ. (2021). Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Association between Loneliness and Psychological and Subjective Well-Being in University Students. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.817660
-
D'Amour, D., Ferrada-Videla, M., San Martin Rodriguez, L., & Beaulieu, M. D. (2005). The conceptual basis for interprofessional collaboration: core concepts and theoretical frameworks. Journal of interprofessional care, 19 Suppl 1, 116–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820500082529
-
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
-
Doğan, T., Çetin, B. ve Sungur, M. Z. (2009). İş yaşamında yalnızlık ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10(6), 271-277.
-
Esenkaya, D. (2021). Cerrahi kliniklerde çalışan hekim ve hemşire işbirliğinin hemşirelerin tıbbi hata yapma eğilimi üzerine etkisi. Yükseklisans tezi. Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Yozgat.
-
George, D. & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
-
Goldstein, L. & Marsh, A. (2017). Examining interprofessional collaboration: There is no 'I' in healthcare team. Otolaryngology Online Journal, 7(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-119X.1000303
-
Güneş, S. ve Karaca, A. (2024). Bir Kamu Kurumunda Örgütsel Dedikodu ile İş Yeri Yalnızlığı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 7(1), 28-46. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1343733
-
Hasyim, W., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2019). The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in the Organizational Climate and Work Engagement Relationship. 229(Iciap 2018), 990–999. https://doi.org/10.2991/iciap-18.2019.81
-
Hedqvist, A.T., C. Lindberg, H., Hagerman, A., Svensson & M. Ekstedt (2024). Negotiating care in organizational borderlands: a grounded theory of inter-organizational collaboration in coordination of care. BMC Health Services Research 24(1): 1438.
-
Hojat, M. Gonnella, J. S. & Nasca T. J. (2003). Comparisons of American, Israeli, Italian and Mexican physicians and nurses on the total and factor scores of the Jeferson scale of attitudes toward physician-nurse collaborative relationships, International Journal of Nursing Studies. 40(4). 427–435.
-
Kahn, R. L. & Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in Organizations. In M. D. Dunnette and L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 571-650).
-
Karagöz, Y. (2014). Bioistatistik SPSS 21.1 Uygulamalı. Nobel Yayınları, Ankara.
-
Kuven, B.M., Drageset, J. & Haugan, G. (2023). Quality of life and nurse-patient interaction among NH residents: Loneliness is detrimental, while nurse-patient interaction is fundamental. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16645
-
Lam, L.W. & Lau, D. (2012). Feeling lonely at work: investigating the consequences of unsatisfactory workplace relationships. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.665070
-
Lawlor B., O’Sullivan R., Leavey G. & Lubben J. (2024) Do doctors appreciate that social isolation and loneliness are health issues? Front. Public Health 12:1477228. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1477228
-
Lewis, M.E., & Myhra, L.L. (2017). Integrated care with indigenous populations: a systematic review of the literature. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 24(3), 88-101.
-
Lowman, G. H., Kessler, S. R. & Pindek, S. (2023). The permeation of loneliness into the workplace: An examination of robustness and persistence over time. Applied Psychology, 72(4), 781-800.
https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12510
-
Machin, T., Jones, D. & Harris, P. (2009). Understanding collaboration in integrated care systems: A qualitative study. Health Services Management Research, 22(3), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1258/hsmr.2008.008015
-
Magalhães, C. M., Machado, C. F. & Nunes, C. P. (2022). Loneliness in Leadership: A Study Applied to the Portuguese Banking Sector. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040130
-
Malokani, D.K.A.K., Wagan, S.A., Mahar Q. & Kazi S.. (2023). Impact of work-life conflict and perceived alternative job opportunities on turnover intention: Evidence from the banking sector of Sindh, Pakistan. Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(2):208-21
-
Meese, K. A., Boitet, LM, Sweeney, KL., Katherine L. & Rogers D. A. (2024). Perceived stress from social isolation or loneliness among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers during COVID-19. BMC Public Health 24, 1010. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18363-7
-
Meese, K. A., Colón-López, A., Singh, J. A., Burkholder, G. A., & Rogers, D. A. (2021). Healthcare is a Team Sport: Stress, Resilience, and Correlates of Well-Being Among Health System Employees in a Crisis. Journal of healthcare management / American College of Healthcare Executives, 66(4), 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1097/JHM-D-20-00288
-
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson Education Limited.
-
O'Hare, D., Gaughran, F., Stewart, R. & Pinto da Costa, M. (2024). A cross-sectional investigation on remote working, loneliness, workplace isolation, well-being and perceived social support in healthcare workers. BJPsych open, 10(2), e50. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2024.7
-
O'Leary, K. J., Sehgal, N. L., Terrell, G., Williams, M. V. & High Performance Teams and the Hospital of the Future Project Team (2012). Interdisciplinary teamwork in hospitals: a review and practical recommendations for improvement. Journal of hospital medicine, 7(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.970
-
Öztekin, G. G. (2024). The Effects of Social Anxiety on Subjective Well-Being among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Mindfulness and Loneliness. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.1433959
-
Paque, K., Bastiaens, H., Van Bogaert, P. & Dilles, T. (2018). Living in a nursing home: a phenomenological study exploring residents’ loneliness and other feelings. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/scs.12599
-
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
-
Shanafelt, T. D., West, C. P., Dyrbye, L. N., Trockel, M., Tutty, M., Wang, H., Carlasare, L. E., & Sinsky, C. (2022). Changes in Burnout and Satisfaction With Work-Life Integration in Physicians During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 97(12), 2248–2258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.09.002
-
Taşpınar, Y. ve Eryeşil, K. (2021). Örgütsel güven, psikolojik iyi oluş ve işyeri yalnızlığı ilişkisi üzerine bir alan araştırması. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(22), 355-372. https://doi.org/10.20990/kılısııbfakademık.880931
-
Usal, A. ve Kuşluvan, Z. (2006). Davranış Bilimleri Sosyal Psikoloji (5.Baskı). Barış Yayınları, İzmir.
Vafadar, Z. (2020). The necessity of teamwork and inter-professional collaboration in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Medicine, 46(5), 759-760.
-
Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation.
-
West, M. A., Patera, J. L. & Carsten, M. K. (2006). Team level positivity: Investigating positive psychological capacities and team level outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(4), 407-421.
https://doi.org/10.1002/job.379
-
Wright S.L., Burt C.D.B. & Strongman K.T., (2006). Loneliness in the workplace: Construct definition and scale development. NZ J Psychol; 35:59-68.
-
Wright, S. L. & Silard, A. (2021). Unraveling the antecedents of loneliness in the workplace. Human Relations, 74(10), 1740-1767.
-
Yıldırım, A., Aktaş, T., ve Akdaş, A. (2006). Tıp fakültesi ve hemşirelik yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde hekim - hemşire işbirliği. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 5(3): 166-175
-
Zuzelo, P. (2019). Partnering for holistic and safe care: Interprofessional collaboration. Holistic Nursing Practice, 33(5), 259-261. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000343