Jeopolitik Düşüncenin Yeniden Kurgulanması: Eleştirel Yaklaşım Ve Pembe Dalga Bağlamı

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası ilişkilerde teorik bir çerçeve olarak eleştirel jeopolitiğin ortaya çıkışı ve evrimini incelemektir. Çalışma, devlet merkezli ve bölgesel deterministik modellere önemli ölçüde vurgu yapan klasik jeopolitikadan, mekansal ve politik kategorilerin nesnelliğini sorgulayan post-yapısalcı yaklaşımlara geçişin incelenmesiyle başlar. Söylem, kimlik ve güç/bilgi kavramlarını entegre ederek, post-yapısalcılık jeopolitiği söylemsel bir pratik olarak yeniden kavramsallaştıran eleştirel jeopolitiğin temellerini attı. Makale, Foucault, Ó Tuathail ve Dalby'nin çalışmalarından yararlanarak jeopolitik bilginin dış politika söyleminde nasıl üretildiğini ve kullanıldığını incelemektedir. Mevcut çerçevenin pratik uygulanabilirliğini göstermek için çalışma, Latin Amerika'daki Pembe Dalga döneminde ABD'nin dış politika söylemini kısaca ele almaktadır. Bu örnek, ayrıntılı vaka çalışmalarını vurgulamak yerine, jeopolitiğin bölgesel stratejik çerçevelerde ‘dostlar’ ve ‘düşmanlar’ gibi jeopolitik ikilemlerin oluşumunu açıklığa kavuşturmada oynadığı önemli rolü vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Makalenin katkısı, iki farklı ama birbiriyle bağlantılı çalışma alanına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlayan ikili yapısında yatmaktadır: eleştirel jeopolitiğin teorik anlayışı ve çağdaş dış politika anlatılarını yorumlamada analitik potansiyel.

Keywords

• Jeopolitik
• Eleştirel jeopolitik
• Post-yapısalcılık
• Pembe dalga
• Bush dönemi

Reimagining Geopolitical Thought: The Critical Geopolitical Approach and the Pink Tide Context

Abstract

The objective of this study is to explore the emergence and evolution of critical geopolitics as a theoretical framework in international relations. The study commences with a review of the transition from classical geopolitics, which placed significant emphasis on state-centric and territorially deterministic models, to post-structuralist approaches that have been known to challenge the objectivity of spatial and political categories. By integrating concepts of discourse, identity, and power/knowledge, post-structuralism laid the groundwork for critical geopolitics, which reconceptualizes geopolitics as a discursive practice. The article draws on the works of Foucault, Ó Tuathail, and Dalby to examine how geopolitical knowledge is produced and utilized in foreign policy discourse. To demonstrate the practical applicability of the present framework, the study briefly engages with US foreign policy discourse during the Pink Tide period in Latin America. Instead of emphasizing meticulous case studies, this illustration aims to underscore the pivotal role that geopolitics plays in elucidating the establishment of geopolitical dichotomies, such as ‘friends’ and ‘foes’, in regional strategic frameworks. The paper aims to contribute to two distinct but interconnected fields of study: the theoretical understanding of critical geopolitics and the analytical potential in interpreting contemporary foreign policy narratives.

Keywords

• Geopolitics
• Critical geopolitics
• Post-structuralism
• Pink tide
• Bush administration

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