A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE IN EUROPE

Abstract

Energy consumption has been found to be important in understanding national and global emissions. This paper investigates the relationships between SO₂, NO_x, CO, VOC, NH₃, CO₂ emissions,income, and energy consumption in Europe from 1990 to 2012. Environmental Kuznets Curve literature has excluded spatial interdependence and this could bias the estimates. By employing the spatial Durbin model and using panel data sets from 36 European countries, this study finds that there is an inverted-U shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve for SO₂, NO_x, CO and CO₂ while NH₃ emissions follow a U-shaped relationship. Results indicate that the per capita emissions from surrounding countries strongly influenced national per capita emissions for SO₂, NO_x, and VOC. Our findings also show that population density has a negative direct and indirect impact on the SO₂, CO, and VOC emissions of European countries. 

Keywords

• Environmental Kuznets Curve,Emissions,Spatial Econometrics,Europe

AVRUPA'DA ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİNİN MEKANSAL EKONOMETRİK ANALİZİ

Abstract

Ulusal ve global emisyonların anlaşılmasında enerji tüketiminin önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi,Emisyonlar,Mekansal Ekonometri,Avrupa

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