YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELE'NİN İNSAN HAKLARI BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Poverty has various manifestations, including lack of income and productive resources sufficient to ensure sustainable livelihoods; hunger and malnutrition; ill health; limited or lack of access to education and other basic services; increased morbidity and mortality from illness; homelessness and inadequate housing; unsafe environments; and social discrimination and exclusion. Put forth poverty in this way with taking into account deficiencies and deprivation in all aspects of life also brought the relationship between human rights and poverty. Evaluating fight against poverty in the context of human rights is an important dimension of the agenda. Accordingly, this approach shows that poverty could not be dealt only with economic growth programs or aid and charity mechanisms. A human rights oriented understanding of poverty on one hand would empower the position of fight against poverty in human rights mechanisms and on the other hand would provide a new perspective on prevention of poverty which is considered as an obstacle against fulfillment of human rights

Keywords

• Poverty, Human Rights, Fight Against Poverty, Right Based Approach

YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELE'NİN İNSAN HAKLARI BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Yoksulluk, hayatın devamını sağlamak için gerekli gelir ve ürün eksikliğinden, açlık ve yetersiz beslenmeye, eğitim ve diğer temel hizmetlere erişmede yaşanan sıkıntılardan, hastalık sebebiyle ölümlere, evsizlik ya da barınma imkânlarındaki yetersizliklerden, sağlıksız çevre koşullarına ve sosyal dışlanma ve ayrımcılığa kadar birçok şekilde ortaya çıkabilen bir olgudur. Yoksulluğu bu şekilde, hayatın tüm yönlerinde ortaya çıkan eksiklik ve yoksunlukları dikkate alarak ortaya koymak, aynı zamanda insan hakları-yoksulluk ilişkisini gündeme getirmiştir. Yoksullukla mücadelenin insan hakları bağlamında değerlendirilmesi, bu gündemin önemli bir boyutudur. Yoksulluğa bu açıdan bakış, yoksullukla yalnızca ekonomik kalkınma programlar ya da iyi niyet ve hayırseverlik mekanizmalarıyla mücadele edilemeyeceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Yoksulluğun insan haklarına duyarlı bir yaklaşımla ele alınması, bir taraftan yoksullukla mücadelenin insan hakları koruma mekanizmaları arasındaki yerini alarak güçlenmesini sağlarken diğer taraftan da insan haklarının gerçekleşmesi önünde bir sorun olan yoksulluğun önlenmesi konusunda yeni bir bakış açısı sağlayacaktır

Keywords

• Yoksulluk, İnsan Hakları, Yoksullukla Mücadele, Hak Temelli Yaklaşım

References

1. UN(1992a). “Human Rights and Extreme Poverty”, A/RES/47/134, 18 Aralık 1992.
2. UN(1993). “World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action”, A/CONF.157/23, 12 Temmuz 1993.
3. UN(1995). “World Summit For Social Development”, Copenhagen, Denmark, 6-12 Mart 1995, A.CONF/ 166/9, 19 Nisan 1995.
4. UN(2000b). “Globalization and its Impact of the Full Enjoyment of All Human Rights: Preliminary Report of the Secretary General”, A/55/342, 31 Ağustos 2000.
5. UN(2001). “Poverty and the International Covenant on Economic Social and Culturel Rigts” E/C. 12/2001/10, 10 Mayıs 2001.
6. UN(2002). “Draft Guidiliness: A Human Rights Approach to Poverty Reduction Strategies” Office of the High
7. Commissioner for Human Rights, 2002, HR/PUB/06/12.
8. UN(2004). Human Rights and Poverty Reduction: A Conceptual Framework”, Office of the High Comisionare for Human Rights, HR/PUB/04/01, Newyork and Geneva, 2004.

9. UN(2006a). “Observance of the International Day fort he Eradiction of Poverty: Report of the Secretary- General”, A/61/308, 5 Aralık 2006.
10. UN(2006 b). “Principles end Guidelines for a Human Rights Approach to Poverty Reduction Strategies”,
11. Office of the High Commissioner For Human Rights, HR/PUB/06/12. UNDP (2003). “Poverty Reduction and Human Rights: A Practice Note”, UNDP, Haziran 2003. World Bank http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEMPOWERMENT/Resources/486312-1095094954594/draft.pdf and Erişim:22.08.2013 “Empowerment Poverty Reduction: A Sourcebook”, (Çevrimiçi):
12. Avrupa Konseyi, “Gözden Geçirilmiş Avrupa Sosyal Şartı”, Strasburg, 3 Mayıs 1996.
13. British Institute of Human Rights (2008). “Human Rights and Poverty-Pre Brieffing” 21 Ağustos 2008, Çevrimiçi: www.bihr.org.uk, Erişim:22.08.2013.
14. International Council on Human Rights Policy (2003). “Duties Sans Frontieres, Human Rights and Global Social
15. Justice”, Versoix, Switzerland. Foster J., Seth S., Lokshin M., Zurab S.(2013). “A Unified Approach to Measuring Powerty and Inequality” World Bank.
16. Katsui, H.(2008). “Downside of the Human Rights- Based Approach to Disability in Development”, Institute of Development http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/kmi/english/HRBA.doc, Erişim:23.08.2013. Helsinki University, Working Paper 2/2008, (Çevrimiçi):
17. Selim J. (2004). “Human Rights Based Approach to Poverty Reduction- Analytical Linkages, Practical Work and UNDP”, 2004, (Çevrimiçi): http://www.cihc.org/members/resource_library_pdfs/2_Law_and_Protection/2_6_
18. Rights_based_ Assistance/HR_approach_to_Poverty_Reduction.pdf, Erişim:25.08.2013.
19. Boesen, J.K., Thomas M. (2o07). “Applying a Right-Based Approach: An Inspirational Guide For Civil Society”, The Danish Institute for Human Rights, 2007.
20. Picod, A. (2004). “Approachs to Poverty a Note Fom the Human Rights Perspective”, Researchers Meeting,
21. Poverty: The Relevance of Human Rights to Poverty Reduction, International Council On Human Rights Policy, Geneva, 24-25 Kasım 2004. (Çevrimi):http://www.ichrp.org/files/papers/145/121_Picod.pdf, Erişim 05.05.2009.
22. Şenses, F.(2006). Küreselleşmenin Öteki Yüzü Yoksulluk, İletişim Yayınları, 4.Baskı, İstanbul.
23. Fukuda Parr, S.(2007). “Human Rights and National Poverty Reduction Strategies: Conceptual Famework for Human
24. Rights Analysis of Poverty Reduction Strategies and Reviews of Guetemala and Nepal”, The Human Rights Institue, Economic Rights Working Paper Series, Working Paper 2, University of Connecticut. Piovesan, F.(2003).“Poverty as a Violation of Human Rights”, Unesco Poverty Project, Ethical and Human Rights
25. Dimensions of Poverty: Tovards a New Paradigm in the Fights Against Poverty, Jurist Seminar, Sao Paulo. Bengoa, J. (2004).“Poverty and Human Rights, a Challenge”, Comperative Resarch Programme on Poverty Newsletter, Vol. 11, No.3.
26. Buğra, A.(2006). “Yoksullukla Mücadele Hayırseverlik Değil” Radikal İki, 10.11.2006.
27. Narayan, D., Chambers, R., K.Shah,M.- Petesch, P.(2000). “Voice of the Poor: Crying out for Change”, Oxford University Pres.
28. Keohane, R.(2003). “Global Governance and Democratic Accountability” İçinde: Taming Globalization: Frontiers of Governance, Ed:David Held- Mathias Koenig-Archibugi, Polity Pres.
29. Usal, Z.O.(2008). “Dünya Bankası ve IMF Kapsamında Uluslararası Finans Kuruluşları ve İnsan Hakları” İstanbul
30. Üniversitesi, Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, No:39. Arbour, L. (2006). “Using Human Rights to Reduce Poverty”, Development Outreach, World Bank Instıtute, October.
31. Sengupta, A. (2003). “Poverty Eradiction and Human Rights”, Unesco Seminar Ethical and Human Rights
32. Dimensions of Poverty: Tovards a New Paradigm in teh Fights Against Poverty, New Delhi.