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DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ

Year 2019, Issue: 59, 21 - 33, 31.01.2019

Abstract

Derinden bölünmüş toplumlarda
pozitif barışın sağlanması için uzun vadeli barış inşası politikalarına ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede sivil toplum toplumdaki çatlakları onarıcı, etnik
gruplar arası mesafeyi azaltıcı ve sosyal entegrasyonu güçlendirici bir barış
inşası aracı olarak sunulmaktadır. Ancak derinden bölünmüş toplumlarda sivil
toplum da toplumdaki politik ve sosyal bölünmeleri yansıttığı için birleştirici
ve uzlaştırıcı bir rol üstlenmesi zordur. Böyle toplumlarda sivil toplum
dışlayıcı biçimde örgütlendiği için, topluluklar arası uzlaşıya katkıda
bulunamadığı gibi grup içi bağlılıkları güçlendirerek radikalleşmeye de sebep
olabilir. Bu çalışma, derinden bölünmüş toplumlarda sivil toplumun nasıl daha
kapsayıcı ve uzlaştırıcı bir rol oynayabileceğini tartışmakta ve dışlayıcı
sivil toplum örgütlenmelerine yönelik çözüm önerileri getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Aitken, R. (2007). Cementing divisions? An assessment of the impact of international interventions and peace-building policies on ethnic identities and divisions. Policy Studies, 28(3), 247-267.
  • Andeweg, R. B. (2000). Consociational democracy. Annual Review of Political Science, 3(1), 509-536.
  • Belloni, R. (2001). Civil society and peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Peace Research, 38(2), 163-180.
  • Bodruzic, D. (2010, June 1-3). Civil Society in a post-conflict multiethnic setting: A case study of Bosnia. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal.
  • Bogaards, M. (2006). Democracy and Power-Sharing in multinational states: thematic introduction. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 8(2), 119-126.
  • Bush, K., & Saltarelli, D. (2000). The two faces of education in ethnic conflict. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • Claske, D. (2007). Negative versus Positive Peace. Retrieved January 08, 2016, from http://www.irenees.net/bdf_fiche-notions-186_en.html
  • De la Rey, C. (2001). Reconciliation in divided societies. In Christie, D. J., Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. A. (Eds.), Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century (ss. 251-261). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Retrieved January 08, 2016, from https://cpb-us-west-2-juc1ugur1qwqqqo4.stackpathdns.com/u.osu.edu/dist/b/7538/files/2014/10/Chapter-21-Reconciliation-in-Divided-Societies-de-la-Rey-1a3anbl.pdf
  • Diamond, L.J. (1994). Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic Consolidation. Journal of Democracy, 5(3),4-17.
  • Dixon, P. (1997). Paths to peace in Northern Ireland (I): Civil society and consociational approaches. Democratization, 4(2), 1-27.
  • Dryzek, J. S. (2005). Deliberative democracy in divided societies: Alternatives to agonism and analgesia. Political theory, 33(2), 218-242.
  • Ehrlich, C. E. (2000). Democratic Alternatives to Ethnic Conflict: Consociationalism and Neo-Separatism. Brook. J. Int'l L., 26, 447.
  • Erkem, P. (2017). Civil Society In Conflict Regulation: Cyprus Case. Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(9), 193-201.
  • Fischer, M. (2011). Civil society in conflict transformation: Strengths and limitations. In H. J. Giessmann (Ed.), Advancing Conflict Transformation (ss. 287-313). Barbara Budrich Publishers.
  • Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of peace research, 6(3), 167-191.
  • Heywood, A. (2015). Siyasetin Temel Kavramları.(H. Özler, Çev.)Ankara: Liberte.
  • Horowitz, D. L. (2014). Ethnic power sharing: Three big problems. Journal of Democracy, 25(2), 5-20.
  • Kacarska, S., & Atanasova, G. (2009). The role of external actors in civil society building: The case of the Republıc Of Macedonia. CEU Political Science Journal, 4(1), 48-75.
  • Lijphart, A. (1969). Consociational democracy. World politics, 21(2), 207-225.
  • Lijphart, A. (1977). Democracy in plural societies: A comparative exploration. New Haven:Yale University Press.
  • Lustick, I. (1979). Stability in deeply divided societies: consociationalism versus control. World politics, 31(3), 325-344.
  • Lustick, I. S. (1997). Lijphart, Lakatos, and consociationalism. World Politics, 50(1), 88-117.
  • Paffenholz, T. (2009). Summary of results for a comparative research project: Civil Society and Peacebuilding (CCDP Working Paper). Retrieved March 14, 2018 from Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding Website: https://www.sfcg.org/events/pdf/CCDP_Working_Paper_4-1%20a.pdf
  • Parver, C., & Wolf, R. (2008). Civil Society's Involvement in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding. International Journal of Legal Information, 36 (1), 51-79.Peacebuilding and the United Nations. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ağustos 2016, http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pbun.shtml
  • Puljek-Shank, R., & Verkoren, W. (2017). Civil society in a divided society: Linking legitimacy and ethnicness of civil society organizations in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Cooperation and conflict, 52(2), 184-202.
  • Taylor, R. (2009). Consociational theory: McGarry and O’Leary and the Northern Ireland conflict. London: Routledge.
  • Vasilev, G. (2013). Multiculturalism in post-Ohrid Macedonia: Some philosophical reflections. East European Politics and Societies, 27(4), 685-708.
  • White, G. (1994). Civil society, democratization and development: Clearing the analytical ground. In Peter Burnell &Peter Calvert (Eds.), Civil Society in Democratization (ss. 6-21). London: Frank Cass.

Divided Civil Society in Deeply Divided Societies: Solution Proposals

Year 2019, Issue: 59, 21 - 33, 31.01.2019

Abstract

Long-term peacebuilding policies are needed in order to ensure positive peace in deeply divided societies. In this respect, civil society is presented as a peacebuilding tool
that restores social cleavages, reduces inter-ethnic distance and strengthens social integration. However, because of reflecting the political and social
divisions in society, it is difficult for civil society in deeply divided societies to play a unifying and reconciliatory role. Since civil society is
organized exclusively in such societies, it can also lead to radicalization by strengthening intra-group loyalty besides failing to contribute to
inter-community reconciliation. The aim of this study is to discuss how civil society can play a more inclusive and reconciliatory role in deeply divided
societies and to propose solutions for exclusive civil society organizations. 

References

  • Aitken, R. (2007). Cementing divisions? An assessment of the impact of international interventions and peace-building policies on ethnic identities and divisions. Policy Studies, 28(3), 247-267.
  • Andeweg, R. B. (2000). Consociational democracy. Annual Review of Political Science, 3(1), 509-536.
  • Belloni, R. (2001). Civil society and peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Peace Research, 38(2), 163-180.
  • Bodruzic, D. (2010, June 1-3). Civil Society in a post-conflict multiethnic setting: A case study of Bosnia. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal.
  • Bogaards, M. (2006). Democracy and Power-Sharing in multinational states: thematic introduction. International Journal on Multicultural Societies, 8(2), 119-126.
  • Bush, K., & Saltarelli, D. (2000). The two faces of education in ethnic conflict. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence.
  • Claske, D. (2007). Negative versus Positive Peace. Retrieved January 08, 2016, from http://www.irenees.net/bdf_fiche-notions-186_en.html
  • De la Rey, C. (2001). Reconciliation in divided societies. In Christie, D. J., Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. A. (Eds.), Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century (ss. 251-261). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Retrieved January 08, 2016, from https://cpb-us-west-2-juc1ugur1qwqqqo4.stackpathdns.com/u.osu.edu/dist/b/7538/files/2014/10/Chapter-21-Reconciliation-in-Divided-Societies-de-la-Rey-1a3anbl.pdf
  • Diamond, L.J. (1994). Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic Consolidation. Journal of Democracy, 5(3),4-17.
  • Dixon, P. (1997). Paths to peace in Northern Ireland (I): Civil society and consociational approaches. Democratization, 4(2), 1-27.
  • Dryzek, J. S. (2005). Deliberative democracy in divided societies: Alternatives to agonism and analgesia. Political theory, 33(2), 218-242.
  • Ehrlich, C. E. (2000). Democratic Alternatives to Ethnic Conflict: Consociationalism and Neo-Separatism. Brook. J. Int'l L., 26, 447.
  • Erkem, P. (2017). Civil Society In Conflict Regulation: Cyprus Case. Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(9), 193-201.
  • Fischer, M. (2011). Civil society in conflict transformation: Strengths and limitations. In H. J. Giessmann (Ed.), Advancing Conflict Transformation (ss. 287-313). Barbara Budrich Publishers.
  • Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of peace research, 6(3), 167-191.
  • Heywood, A. (2015). Siyasetin Temel Kavramları.(H. Özler, Çev.)Ankara: Liberte.
  • Horowitz, D. L. (2014). Ethnic power sharing: Three big problems. Journal of Democracy, 25(2), 5-20.
  • Kacarska, S., & Atanasova, G. (2009). The role of external actors in civil society building: The case of the Republıc Of Macedonia. CEU Political Science Journal, 4(1), 48-75.
  • Lijphart, A. (1969). Consociational democracy. World politics, 21(2), 207-225.
  • Lijphart, A. (1977). Democracy in plural societies: A comparative exploration. New Haven:Yale University Press.
  • Lustick, I. (1979). Stability in deeply divided societies: consociationalism versus control. World politics, 31(3), 325-344.
  • Lustick, I. S. (1997). Lijphart, Lakatos, and consociationalism. World Politics, 50(1), 88-117.
  • Paffenholz, T. (2009). Summary of results for a comparative research project: Civil Society and Peacebuilding (CCDP Working Paper). Retrieved March 14, 2018 from Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding Website: https://www.sfcg.org/events/pdf/CCDP_Working_Paper_4-1%20a.pdf
  • Parver, C., & Wolf, R. (2008). Civil Society's Involvement in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding. International Journal of Legal Information, 36 (1), 51-79.Peacebuilding and the United Nations. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ağustos 2016, http://www.un.org/en/peacebuilding/pbso/pbun.shtml
  • Puljek-Shank, R., & Verkoren, W. (2017). Civil society in a divided society: Linking legitimacy and ethnicness of civil society organizations in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Cooperation and conflict, 52(2), 184-202.
  • Taylor, R. (2009). Consociational theory: McGarry and O’Leary and the Northern Ireland conflict. London: Routledge.
  • Vasilev, G. (2013). Multiculturalism in post-Ohrid Macedonia: Some philosophical reflections. East European Politics and Societies, 27(4), 685-708.
  • White, G. (1994). Civil society, democratization and development: Clearing the analytical ground. In Peter Burnell &Peter Calvert (Eds.), Civil Society in Democratization (ss. 6-21). London: Frank Cass.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gönül Tezcan

Publication Date January 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 59

Cite

APA Tezcan, G. (2019). DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(59), 21-33.
AMA Tezcan G. DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. January 2019;(59):21-33.
Chicago Tezcan, Gönül. “DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 59 (January 2019): 21-33.
EndNote Tezcan G (January 1, 2019) DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 59 21–33.
IEEE G. Tezcan, “DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 59, pp. 21–33, January 2019.
ISNAD Tezcan, Gönül. “DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 59 (January 2019), 21-33.
JAMA Tezcan G. DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019;:21–33.
MLA Tezcan, Gönül. “DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 59, 2019, pp. 21-33.
Vancouver Tezcan G. DERİNDEN BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA BÖLÜNMÜŞ SİVİL TOPLUM: ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019(59):21-33.

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