KRİZDEN İNNOVASYONA: GÜNEY KORE ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2012, Issue: 32, - , 20.06.2015

Erhan Atay

Abstract

South Korea has developed rapidly after the Korean War and is a member of both G-20 and OECD now. Import substitution policy was followed after the war and export oriented development strategy was implemented after the 1960s. Development incentives were supplied mainly to the big family enterprises (chaebols) that were loyal to government policies and strategies. It is obvious that developing industries in the 70’s was heavy industry and chemical industry, automotive and electronics in the 80’s and information technologies during 90’s. South Korea has followed different strategies to overcome 1997 Asian Finacial Crisis and turn it to an opportunity for innovative policies. Big Korean family holdings (Chaebols) that was difficult to control, became a burden to national economy and diversified in many areas were restructured. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially the entrepreneurial venture businesses, that were aiming to conduct technological research and development, were activily supported by government. In spite of experiencing both Korean War and Asian Financial Crisis, Korea changed them to an opportunity for economic development

Keywords

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KRİZDEN İNNOVASYONA: GÜNEY KORE ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Kore harbinden sonra hızla gelişen Güney Kore, bugün hem OECD, hem de G-20 üyesidir. Savaş sonrasında ithalat ikamesine yönelik bir politika izlenmişken, 1960’lardan sonra ihracat eksenli bir kalkınma stratejisi izlendi. Girişimcilikleriyle öne çıkmış ve hükümet planlamalarına sadık aile şirketlerine (chaebol) sağlanılan teşviklerle kalkınma tercih edildi. 1970’lerde ağır sanayi ve kimya sanayi, 80’li yıllarda otomotiv ve elektronik, 90’lı yıllardan itibaren ise bilişime doğru kayan bir süreç izlendi. Güney Kore, 1997 yılında Asya Ekonomik Krizini aşmak ve bunu bir fırsata çevirmek için değişik stratejiler izledi. Çok büyümüş, pek çok alanda farklılaşmış, kontrol edilmesi zorlaşan ve bu halleriyle ülke ekonomisine yük hale gelmeye başlayan chaeboller yeniden yapılandırıldı. Küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler (KOBİ’ler), özelliklede teknolojik araştırma geliştirme yapmayı hedefleyen girişimci işletmeler (Venture Business) desteklenerek gelişmeleri sağlandı. Hem Kore Savaşını, hem de Asya Ekonomik Krizini yaşayan Kore, krizleri fırsatlara çevirmesini bildi

Keywords

Kore, Ekonomik Kalkınma, İnnovasyon, Chaebol, Venture İşletmeler, KOBİ

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