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Competitive Intelligence and Strategy Formulation: an Evaluation from the Game Theoretical Perspective

Year 2021, Issue: 68, 326 - 345, 29.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.873027

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal the contributions of game theory to competitive intelligence process in the formulating of business strategies. For this purpose, firstly, conceptual links between game theory and competitive intelligence are revealed and then, basic strategy analysis and equilibrium concepts are introduced in static and dynamic games. Implications are made regarding different perspectives that can be considered by decision makers in strategy analysis as part of the competition intelligence process. Game theory allows decision makers to explore games that create higher value so that they can seize cooperation opportunities within the competitive structures and generate higher profits. For rival companies, it is indicated that the long-term gains of cooperation can be preferred over the short-term high earnings of competition. Additionally, it is theoretically indicated how implausible strategies is determined with credibility criteria regarding the competing strategies and how the first mover advantage arises. Game theory, with its analysis tools and modeling infrastructure, is a tool that can significantly contribute to the goals of competitive intelligence. This study contributes to the competitive intelligence literature by addressing the role of game theory in strategy formulation from the perspective of competitive intelligence.

References

  • Aliprantis, C.D. ve Chakrabarti, S.K. (2000). Games and decision making. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Attanasio, D.B. (1988). The multiple benefits of competitor intelligence. The Journal of Business Strategy, 9(3), 16-19.
  • Axelrod, R. ve Hamilton, W.D. (1981). The evolution of cooperation. Science, 211, 1390-1396.
  • Bernhardt, D. (1993). Perfectly legal competitor intelligence: how to get it, use it and profit from it. London: Pearson.
  • Bierman, H.S. ve Fernandez, L. (1998). Game theory with economic applications. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
  • Binmore, K. (2007). Game theory, a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Biran, D., Zack, M.H. ve Briotta, R.J. (2013). Competitive intelligence and information quality: a game-theoretic perspective. ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality, 4(3), 1-19.
  • Bose, R. (2008). Competitive intelligence process and tools for intelligence analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 108(4), 510-528.
  • Bradford, W. (2007). Three faces of competitive intelligence. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228255953_Three_Faces_of_Competitive_Intelligence. Brandenburger, A. ve Nalebuff, B.J. (1995, Temmuz/Ağustos). The Right game: use game theory to shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 57-71.
  • Calof, J.L. ve Skinner, B. (1999). Government’s role in competitive intelligence: what is happening in Canada? Competitive Intelligence Magazine, 2(2), 20-23.
  • Carmichael, F. (2005). A guide to game theory. England: Prentice Hall.
  • Cavallo, A., Sanasi, S., Ghezzi, A. ve Rangone, A. (2020). Competitive intelligence and strategy formulation: connecting the dots. Competitiveness Review, 31(2), 250-275.
  • Cavazza, M. (1993). Advanced information processing for competitive intelligence. Journal of AGSI, 2(1), 30-36.
  • Colman, A.M. (1995). Game theory and its applications in the social and biological sciences (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Courtney, H., Horn, J.T. ve Kar, J. (2005). Getting into your competitor’s head. Erişim adresi: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/getting-into-your-competitors-head.
  • Coyne K. ve Horn, J. (2009, Nisan). Predicting your competitor’s reaction. Harvard Business Review, 90-97.
  • Dishman, P. L. ve Calof, J.L. (2008). Competitive intelligence: a multiphasic precedent to marketing strategy. European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 766-785.
  • Dixit, A. ve Skeath, S. (1999). Games of strategy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Fahey, L. (2007). Connecting strategy and competitive intelligence: refocusing intelligence to produce critical strategy inputs. Strategy and Leadership, 35(1), 4-12.
  • Fellman, P. ve Post, J. (2008). Complexity, competitive intelligence and the “first mover” advantage. A. Minai, D. Braha ve Bar-Yam Y. (Ed.), Unifying themes in complex systems içinde (ss. 114-121). USA: Springer.
  • Fudenberg, D. ve Tirole, J. (1991). Game theory. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • Gal-Or, E. (1985). First mover and second mover advantages. International Economic Review, 26(3), 649-653.
  • Gaspareniene, L., Remeikiene, R. ve Gaidelys, V. (2013). The opportunities of the use of competitive intelligence in business: literature review. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 1(2), 9-16.
  • Gibbons, R. (1992). A primer in game theory. New York: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
  • Gilad, B. (2003). Early warning – using competitive intelligence to anticipate market shifts, control risk, and create powerful strategies. USA: American Management Association.
  • Gilad, B. (2010). War gaming: virtual reality, real lessons. Strategy & Leadership, 38(6), 38-42.
  • Grant, R.M. (2016). Contemporary strategy analysis (9th ed.). UK: Wiley.
  • Guimaraes, T. (2000). The impact of competitive intelligence and IS support in changing small business organizations. Logistics Information Management, 13(3), 117-125.
  • Haidong, Y., Wenhui, T., Qihua, T. ve Yunfeng, L. (2019, June). Analysis of equilibrium in competitive intelligence based on game theory. Paper presented at the Chinese Control and Decision Conference. Erişim adresi: https://www.aconf.org/conf_167328.html.
  • Herring, J.P. (1988). Building a business intelligence system. The Journal of Business Strategy, 9(3), 4-8.
  • Herring, J.P. (1992). The Role of intelligence in formulating strategy. Journal of Business Strategy, 13(5), 54-60.
  • Ishihara, M. ve Kim, B. J. (2018). Is early product release preannouncement a signal for high product quality? Erişim adresi: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3206451.
  • Jakobiak, F. (1992). Telecommunication and computer networks involved in competitive intelligence systems. Journal of AGSI, 1(2), 95-102.
  • Karabacak, H. (2018). Yeni başlayanlar için oyun teorisi (2. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Kelly, A. (2003). Decision making using game theory: an introduction for managers. UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kohli, C. (1999). Signaling new product ıntroduction: a framework explaining the timing of preannouncement. Journal of Business Research, 46, 45–56.
  • Köseoğlu, M.A. ve Akdeve, E. (2013). Rekabet istihbaratı. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Liu, C. ve Oppenheim, C. (2006). Competitive intelligence and the development strategy of higher education in Tianjin, China. Information Development, 22(1), 58-63.
  • Luce, R.D. ve Raiffa, H. (1957). Games and decisions: introduction and critical survey. New York: Wiley.
  • Makadok, R. ve Barney, J.B. (2001). Strategic factor market intelligence: an application of information economics to strategy formulation and competitor intelligence. Management Science, 47(12), 1621-1638.
  • Maritz, T. ve Du Toit, A. (2018). The practice turn within strategy: competitive intelligence as integrating practice. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 21(1), 1-14.
  • McGonagle, J.J. ve Vella, Q.M. (2002). A case for competitive intelligence. Information Management Journal, 36(4), 35-40.
  • McMillan, J. (1989). A game theoretic view of international trade negotiations: implications for the developing countries. J. Whalley (Ed.), Developing countries and the global trading system içinde (ss. 26-44). London: The MacMillan Press.
  • Moorthy, K.S. (1985). Using game theory to model competition source. Journal of Marketing Research, 22(3), 262-282.
  • Myburgh, S. (2004). Competitive intelligence: bridging organizational boundaries. The Information Management Journal, 38 (2), 46-55.
  • Myerson, R.B. (1991). Game theory, analysis of conflict. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Nash, J.F. (1950). Equilibrium points in n-person games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 36, 48-49.
  • Nash, J.F. (1951). Non-cooperative games. Annals of Mathematics, 54, 286-295.
  • Nasri, W. (2011). Competitive intelligence in Tunisian companies. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(1), 53-67.
  • Osak, M. (2013). Putting game theory into real-world practice. Financial Post, Erişim adresi: https://financialpost.com/executive/c-suite/putting-game-theory-into-real-world-practice.
  • Peters H., (2008). Game theory: a multi-leveled approach. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  • Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York: The Free Press.
  • Powell, J.H. (2006). Game theory in strategy. A. Camphell ve D. O. Faulkner (Ed.), The oxford handbook of strategy: a strategy overview and competitive strategy içinde (ss. 875–907). UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Prabhu, J. ve Stewart, D. (2001). Signaling strategies in competitive interaction: building reputations and hiding the truth. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(1), 62–72.
  • Priporas, C. V. Gatsoris, L., ve Zacharis, V. (2005). Competitive intelligence activity: evidence from Greece. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 23, 659–669.
  • Rapoport, A. ve Chammah, A.M. (1965). Prisoner's dilemma: a study in conflict and cooperation. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
  • Robertson, T., Eliashberg, J. ve Rymon, T. (1995). New product announcement signals and incumbent reactions. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 1-15.
  • Romp, G. (1997). Game theory, introduction and applications. UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Sassi, D., Frini, A., Karaa W. ve Kraiem, N. A. (2016). Competitive intelligence solution to predict competitor action using K-modes algorithm and rough set theory. Procedia Computer Science, 96, 597-606.
  • Selten, R. (1965). Spieltheoretische behandlung eines oligopolmodells mit nachfragetragheit. Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 121, 301-324.
  • Shubik, M. (1983). Mathematics of conflict. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publication Company.
  • Su, M. ve Rao, V.R. (2010). New product preannouncement as a signaling strategy: an audience-specific review and analysis. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(5), 658-672.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2020). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükler. Erişim adresi: https://sozluk.gov.tr/.
  • Vega-Redondo, F. (2003). Economics and the theory of games. UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Watson, J. (2008). Strategy: an introduction to game theory. USA: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Webb, J.N. (2007). Game theory: decisions, interaction and evolution. UK: Springer-Verlag.
  • Weiss, A. (2002). A brief guide to competitive intelligence: how to gather and use information on competitors. Business Information Review,19(2), 39-47.
  • Wright, S. ve Calof, J.L. (2006). The quest for competitive, business and marketing intelligence: a country comparison of current practices. European Journal of Marketing, 40(5/6), 453-465.

Rekabet İstihbaratı ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2021, Issue: 68, 326 - 345, 29.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.873027

Abstract

Bu çalışmada işletme stratejilerinin oluşturulmasında, oyun teorisinin rekabet istihbaratı sürecine sağlayabileceği katkıların ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle oyun teorisi ve rekabet istihbaratı arasındaki kavramsal bağlantılar açığa çıkarılmış ve ardından statik ve dinamik oyunlarda temel strateji analizleri ve denge kavramları tanıtılmıştır. Rekabet istihbaratı sürecinin bir parçası olarak strateji analizlerinde, karar alıcılarca dikkate alınabilecek farklı bakış açılarına ilişkin çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Oyun teorisi, karar alıcılara, rekabetçi yapılar içerisinde işbirliği fırsatlarını yakalayabilmeleri ve kazançlarını artırabilmeleri için daha fazla değer yaratan oyunları keşfetmeye imkân vermektedir. Rakip işletmeler açısından işbirliğinin uzun dönemli kazançlarının, rekabetin kısa dönemli yüksek kazançlarına tercih edilebileceği gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, rakip stratejilerin kredibilitesine ilişkin ölçütlerle makul olmayan stratejilerin nasıl tespit edildiği ve ilk hareket edenin avantajının nasıl ortaya çıktığı teorik olarak gösterilmiştir. Oyun teorisi, analiz araçları ve modelleme altyapısıyla, rekabet istihbaratının hedeflerine önemli ölçüde katkı sağlayabilecek bir araçtır. Bu çalışma, rekabet istihbaratı perspektifinden oyun teorisinin strateji oluşturmadaki rolüne değinerek rekabet istihbaratı literatürüne katkı sağlamaktadır.

References

  • Aliprantis, C.D. ve Chakrabarti, S.K. (2000). Games and decision making. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Attanasio, D.B. (1988). The multiple benefits of competitor intelligence. The Journal of Business Strategy, 9(3), 16-19.
  • Axelrod, R. ve Hamilton, W.D. (1981). The evolution of cooperation. Science, 211, 1390-1396.
  • Bernhardt, D. (1993). Perfectly legal competitor intelligence: how to get it, use it and profit from it. London: Pearson.
  • Bierman, H.S. ve Fernandez, L. (1998). Game theory with economic applications. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
  • Binmore, K. (2007). Game theory, a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Biran, D., Zack, M.H. ve Briotta, R.J. (2013). Competitive intelligence and information quality: a game-theoretic perspective. ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality, 4(3), 1-19.
  • Bose, R. (2008). Competitive intelligence process and tools for intelligence analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 108(4), 510-528.
  • Bradford, W. (2007). Three faces of competitive intelligence. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228255953_Three_Faces_of_Competitive_Intelligence. Brandenburger, A. ve Nalebuff, B.J. (1995, Temmuz/Ağustos). The Right game: use game theory to shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 57-71.
  • Calof, J.L. ve Skinner, B. (1999). Government’s role in competitive intelligence: what is happening in Canada? Competitive Intelligence Magazine, 2(2), 20-23.
  • Carmichael, F. (2005). A guide to game theory. England: Prentice Hall.
  • Cavallo, A., Sanasi, S., Ghezzi, A. ve Rangone, A. (2020). Competitive intelligence and strategy formulation: connecting the dots. Competitiveness Review, 31(2), 250-275.
  • Cavazza, M. (1993). Advanced information processing for competitive intelligence. Journal of AGSI, 2(1), 30-36.
  • Colman, A.M. (1995). Game theory and its applications in the social and biological sciences (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Courtney, H., Horn, J.T. ve Kar, J. (2005). Getting into your competitor’s head. Erişim adresi: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/getting-into-your-competitors-head.
  • Coyne K. ve Horn, J. (2009, Nisan). Predicting your competitor’s reaction. Harvard Business Review, 90-97.
  • Dishman, P. L. ve Calof, J.L. (2008). Competitive intelligence: a multiphasic precedent to marketing strategy. European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 766-785.
  • Dixit, A. ve Skeath, S. (1999). Games of strategy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Fahey, L. (2007). Connecting strategy and competitive intelligence: refocusing intelligence to produce critical strategy inputs. Strategy and Leadership, 35(1), 4-12.
  • Fellman, P. ve Post, J. (2008). Complexity, competitive intelligence and the “first mover” advantage. A. Minai, D. Braha ve Bar-Yam Y. (Ed.), Unifying themes in complex systems içinde (ss. 114-121). USA: Springer.
  • Fudenberg, D. ve Tirole, J. (1991). Game theory. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • Gal-Or, E. (1985). First mover and second mover advantages. International Economic Review, 26(3), 649-653.
  • Gaspareniene, L., Remeikiene, R. ve Gaidelys, V. (2013). The opportunities of the use of competitive intelligence in business: literature review. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 1(2), 9-16.
  • Gibbons, R. (1992). A primer in game theory. New York: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
  • Gilad, B. (2003). Early warning – using competitive intelligence to anticipate market shifts, control risk, and create powerful strategies. USA: American Management Association.
  • Gilad, B. (2010). War gaming: virtual reality, real lessons. Strategy & Leadership, 38(6), 38-42.
  • Grant, R.M. (2016). Contemporary strategy analysis (9th ed.). UK: Wiley.
  • Guimaraes, T. (2000). The impact of competitive intelligence and IS support in changing small business organizations. Logistics Information Management, 13(3), 117-125.
  • Haidong, Y., Wenhui, T., Qihua, T. ve Yunfeng, L. (2019, June). Analysis of equilibrium in competitive intelligence based on game theory. Paper presented at the Chinese Control and Decision Conference. Erişim adresi: https://www.aconf.org/conf_167328.html.
  • Herring, J.P. (1988). Building a business intelligence system. The Journal of Business Strategy, 9(3), 4-8.
  • Herring, J.P. (1992). The Role of intelligence in formulating strategy. Journal of Business Strategy, 13(5), 54-60.
  • Ishihara, M. ve Kim, B. J. (2018). Is early product release preannouncement a signal for high product quality? Erişim adresi: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3206451.
  • Jakobiak, F. (1992). Telecommunication and computer networks involved in competitive intelligence systems. Journal of AGSI, 1(2), 95-102.
  • Karabacak, H. (2018). Yeni başlayanlar için oyun teorisi (2. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Kelly, A. (2003). Decision making using game theory: an introduction for managers. UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kohli, C. (1999). Signaling new product ıntroduction: a framework explaining the timing of preannouncement. Journal of Business Research, 46, 45–56.
  • Köseoğlu, M.A. ve Akdeve, E. (2013). Rekabet istihbaratı. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Liu, C. ve Oppenheim, C. (2006). Competitive intelligence and the development strategy of higher education in Tianjin, China. Information Development, 22(1), 58-63.
  • Luce, R.D. ve Raiffa, H. (1957). Games and decisions: introduction and critical survey. New York: Wiley.
  • Makadok, R. ve Barney, J.B. (2001). Strategic factor market intelligence: an application of information economics to strategy formulation and competitor intelligence. Management Science, 47(12), 1621-1638.
  • Maritz, T. ve Du Toit, A. (2018). The practice turn within strategy: competitive intelligence as integrating practice. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 21(1), 1-14.
  • McGonagle, J.J. ve Vella, Q.M. (2002). A case for competitive intelligence. Information Management Journal, 36(4), 35-40.
  • McMillan, J. (1989). A game theoretic view of international trade negotiations: implications for the developing countries. J. Whalley (Ed.), Developing countries and the global trading system içinde (ss. 26-44). London: The MacMillan Press.
  • Moorthy, K.S. (1985). Using game theory to model competition source. Journal of Marketing Research, 22(3), 262-282.
  • Myburgh, S. (2004). Competitive intelligence: bridging organizational boundaries. The Information Management Journal, 38 (2), 46-55.
  • Myerson, R.B. (1991). Game theory, analysis of conflict. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Nash, J.F. (1950). Equilibrium points in n-person games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 36, 48-49.
  • Nash, J.F. (1951). Non-cooperative games. Annals of Mathematics, 54, 286-295.
  • Nasri, W. (2011). Competitive intelligence in Tunisian companies. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(1), 53-67.
  • Osak, M. (2013). Putting game theory into real-world practice. Financial Post, Erişim adresi: https://financialpost.com/executive/c-suite/putting-game-theory-into-real-world-practice.
  • Peters H., (2008). Game theory: a multi-leveled approach. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  • Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York: The Free Press.
  • Powell, J.H. (2006). Game theory in strategy. A. Camphell ve D. O. Faulkner (Ed.), The oxford handbook of strategy: a strategy overview and competitive strategy içinde (ss. 875–907). UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Prabhu, J. ve Stewart, D. (2001). Signaling strategies in competitive interaction: building reputations and hiding the truth. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(1), 62–72.
  • Priporas, C. V. Gatsoris, L., ve Zacharis, V. (2005). Competitive intelligence activity: evidence from Greece. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 23, 659–669.
  • Rapoport, A. ve Chammah, A.M. (1965). Prisoner's dilemma: a study in conflict and cooperation. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
  • Robertson, T., Eliashberg, J. ve Rymon, T. (1995). New product announcement signals and incumbent reactions. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 1-15.
  • Romp, G. (1997). Game theory, introduction and applications. UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Sassi, D., Frini, A., Karaa W. ve Kraiem, N. A. (2016). Competitive intelligence solution to predict competitor action using K-modes algorithm and rough set theory. Procedia Computer Science, 96, 597-606.
  • Selten, R. (1965). Spieltheoretische behandlung eines oligopolmodells mit nachfragetragheit. Zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 121, 301-324.
  • Shubik, M. (1983). Mathematics of conflict. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publication Company.
  • Su, M. ve Rao, V.R. (2010). New product preannouncement as a signaling strategy: an audience-specific review and analysis. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(5), 658-672.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2020). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükler. Erişim adresi: https://sozluk.gov.tr/.
  • Vega-Redondo, F. (2003). Economics and the theory of games. UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Watson, J. (2008). Strategy: an introduction to game theory. USA: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Webb, J.N. (2007). Game theory: decisions, interaction and evolution. UK: Springer-Verlag.
  • Weiss, A. (2002). A brief guide to competitive intelligence: how to gather and use information on competitors. Business Information Review,19(2), 39-47.
  • Wright, S. ve Calof, J.L. (2006). The quest for competitive, business and marketing intelligence: a country comparison of current practices. European Journal of Marketing, 40(5/6), 453-465.
There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Hakan Karabacak This is me 0000-0001-6321-088X

Erdal Akdeve 0000-0002-4133-976X

Publication Date April 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 68

Cite

APA Karabacak, H., & Akdeve, E. (2021). Rekabet İstihbaratı ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(68), 326-345. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.873027
AMA Karabacak H, Akdeve E. Rekabet İstihbaratı ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. April 2021;(68):326-345. doi:10.51290/dpusbe.873027
Chicago Karabacak, Hakan, and Erdal Akdeve. “Rekabet İstihbaratı Ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 68 (April 2021): 326-45. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.873027.
EndNote Karabacak H, Akdeve E (April 1, 2021) Rekabet İstihbaratı ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 68 326–345.
IEEE H. Karabacak and E. Akdeve, “Rekabet İstihbaratı ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 68, pp. 326–345, April 2021, doi: 10.51290/dpusbe.873027.
ISNAD Karabacak, Hakan - Akdeve, Erdal. “Rekabet İstihbaratı Ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 68 (April 2021), 326-345. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.873027.
JAMA Karabacak H, Akdeve E. Rekabet İstihbaratı ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;:326–345.
MLA Karabacak, Hakan and Erdal Akdeve. “Rekabet İstihbaratı Ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 68, 2021, pp. 326-45, doi:10.51290/dpusbe.873027.
Vancouver Karabacak H, Akdeve E. Rekabet İstihbaratı ve Strateji Oluşturma: Oyun Teorisi Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021(68):326-45.

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