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Edebiyat İncelemelerinde Tarihe Yeni Bir Dönüş

Year 2002, Volume: 42 Issue: 1-2, 121 - 133, 01.01.2002

Abstract

Yeni Tarihselcilik güç ilişkilerini her türlü metin için en uygun bağlam olarak gören bir eleştirel yaklaşımdır. 1980'lerin başında Stepken Greenblatt tarafından şekillendirilen bu yöntem, biçimsel yaklaşımlara bir tepki olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Tarih ve kültür kavramlarını yeniden yorumlayarak edebiyat incelemelerine yeni bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. Yeni Tarihselciler edebiyatı, politik, toplumsal, dinsel ve kültürel güç ilişkilerinin etkileşimi bağlamında ortaya çıkan bir ürün olarak tanımlar. Belirli bir dönemin dilbilimsel, kültürel, toplumsal ve politik yelpazesini daha derin bir şekilde algılayabilmek için sadece edebi metinlerin yeterli olmadığını ve edebiyatın aynı döneme ait her alandan değişik metinlerle birlikte incelenmesi gerektiğini savunur. Yeni Tarihselci yöntem tarih ve edebiyat arasındaki sınırları kaldırır. Tarihin de edebiyat gibi seçme ve ayıklama işleminden geçtikten sonra yazıldığına dikkat çeker. Marksizm ve Antropoloji gibi alanlardan etkilenmiş olan eleştirmenler Marksist düşünürlerden ideoloji ve güç ilişkileri konusunda ve Antropologlardan ise insanın bir kültür ürünü olduğu fikrinden yararlanmıştır. Yeni Tarihselcilere esin kaynağı olan en önemli isim ise Michel Foucault'dur. Foucault eski tarihsel bakış açısını sert bir şekilde eleştirerek, tarihte süreksizlikten bahseder. Bu makalenin amacı edebiyat incelemelerinde önemli bir hareket haline gelen Yeni Tarihselciliği tanıtmaktır.

References

  • Althusser, Louis. (1996) "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses", New Historicism and Cultural Materialism: A Reader. (Ed.) Kiernan Ryan, New York: St. Martin's Press,17-21.
  • Auerbach Erich. (1953) Mimesis. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Brannigan, John. (1998) New Historicism and Cultural Materialism. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Foucault, Michel. (1981) The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction. London: Penguin Books.
  • Geertz, Clifford. (1996) "The impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man", New Historicism and Cultural Materialism: A Reader. (Ed.) Kiernan Ryan, New York: St. Martin's Press, 5-10.
  • Greenblatt, Stephen. (1992) "The Invisible Bullets: Renaissance Authority and its Subversion", New Historicism and Renaissance Drama. Renaissance Self- Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare.. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1980,40-51.
  • Greenblatt, Stephen. (1991) Marvelous Possessions: The Wonder of the New World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Leitch, Vincent B. (2001) The Norton Anthology, Theory and Criticism. New York: W.W. Norton&Company.
  • Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. (1991) Selected Works in One Volume. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
  • Montrose, Louis. (1992) "A Midsummer Night's Dream and the Shaping Fantasies of Elizabethan Culture: Gender, Power, Form". New Historicism and Renaissance Drama. (Ed. Richard Wilson), London: Longman, 109-131.
  • Montrose, Louis. (1994) "Eliza, Queene of Shepheards". The New Historicism Reader. (Ed.) H. Aram Veseer. London: Routledge, 88-115.
  • Oppermann, Serpil. (1999) Postmodern Tarih Kuramı: Tarihyazımı Yeni Tarihseicilik ve Roman. Ankara: Evin Yayıncılık.
  • Orgel, Stephen. (1975) The Illusion of Power: Political Theater in the English Renaissance. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Said, Edward W. (1994) Kültür ve Emperyalizm. Çev. Necmiye Alpay. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık.
  • Urhan, Veli. (2000) Michel Foucault ve Arkeolojik Çözümleme. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık.

Towards A New Turn To History in Literary Studies

Year 2002, Volume: 42 Issue: 1-2, 121 - 133, 01.01.2002

Abstract

New Historicism is a critical approach which considers power relations as the most important context for all kinds of texts. This theory was formulated in the early 1980's by Stephen Greenblatt as a reaction to formalistic approaches. By reinterpreting the notions of "history" and "culture", New Historicists brought a new outlook on literary studies. They define literature as a product of political, social, religious and cultural power operations. New historicism requires the study of literary texts in relation to other texts from various fields. The practice shifts the border between literature and history claiming that like literature history passes through a process of selection. New Historicism was influenced by both Marxism and Anthropology and focused on concepts such as ideology, power relations and culture. The main influence on New Historicism was Michel Foucault. Foucault's views on the concept of discontinuity in history made a great contribution to the theory. The ultimate aim of this paper is to introduce New Historicism which has become an influential practice in the discipline of literary studies.

References

  • Althusser, Louis. (1996) "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses", New Historicism and Cultural Materialism: A Reader. (Ed.) Kiernan Ryan, New York: St. Martin's Press,17-21.
  • Auerbach Erich. (1953) Mimesis. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Brannigan, John. (1998) New Historicism and Cultural Materialism. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Foucault, Michel. (1981) The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction. London: Penguin Books.
  • Geertz, Clifford. (1996) "The impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man", New Historicism and Cultural Materialism: A Reader. (Ed.) Kiernan Ryan, New York: St. Martin's Press, 5-10.
  • Greenblatt, Stephen. (1992) "The Invisible Bullets: Renaissance Authority and its Subversion", New Historicism and Renaissance Drama. Renaissance Self- Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare.. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1980,40-51.
  • Greenblatt, Stephen. (1991) Marvelous Possessions: The Wonder of the New World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Leitch, Vincent B. (2001) The Norton Anthology, Theory and Criticism. New York: W.W. Norton&Company.
  • Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. (1991) Selected Works in One Volume. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
  • Montrose, Louis. (1992) "A Midsummer Night's Dream and the Shaping Fantasies of Elizabethan Culture: Gender, Power, Form". New Historicism and Renaissance Drama. (Ed. Richard Wilson), London: Longman, 109-131.
  • Montrose, Louis. (1994) "Eliza, Queene of Shepheards". The New Historicism Reader. (Ed.) H. Aram Veseer. London: Routledge, 88-115.
  • Oppermann, Serpil. (1999) Postmodern Tarih Kuramı: Tarihyazımı Yeni Tarihseicilik ve Roman. Ankara: Evin Yayıncılık.
  • Orgel, Stephen. (1975) The Illusion of Power: Political Theater in the English Renaissance. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Said, Edward W. (1994) Kültür ve Emperyalizm. Çev. Necmiye Alpay. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık.
  • Urhan, Veli. (2000) Michel Foucault ve Arkeolojik Çözümleme. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Rümeysa Çavuş This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2002
Published in Issue Year 2002 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-2

Cite

APA Çavuş, R. (2002). Edebiyat İncelemelerinde Tarihe Yeni Bir Dönüş. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(1-2), 121-133.

Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography

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