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THOMAS HARDY'NİN ŞİİRLERİNDEKİ TEMSİL KRİZİ

Year 2016, Volume: 56 Issue: 2, 389 - 412, 01.01.2016

Abstract

İngiliz şair ve romancı Thomas Hardy, eserlerinin çoğunu Viktorya döneminde yazmış olsa da, şiirlerini, şiir anlayışının göze çarpacak biçimde modern olduğu 20. yüzyılın başında yayımlamıştır. Her ne kadar Hardy ana akım Modernistlere çok benzemese de, kaotik ve rastlantısal bir dünya algısının, sorunsallaşmış bir dil anlayışının ve bunların sonucunda ortaya çıkan “temsil krizinin” zeminindeki kaygı duygusunun üstesinden gelme çabası Modernistlerle paylaştığı bir özelliktir. Yapısökümcülük felsefesinin öncüsü, Jacques Derrida, Batı kültürünün ontolojisinde ve epistemolojisinde Platon'dan itibaren süregelmiş ve hâkim olmuş mevcudiyet metaziğinin logosantrik düşünme biçimini gözler önüne sermiş, bu düşünce biçiminin, ikili zıtlıkların ve ikilikçi yapıların sınırları içinde kısıtlanmış olduğunu iddia etmiştir. Derrida yalın bir iddia ile ortaya çıkmaktadır—bir logos, bütünleştirici ilke, orijin, merkez yoktur. Bu gibi kavramlar dilin ötesinde bir alandadır, dili aşkındır. Merkez daima başka bir yerdedir ve “gösterenlerin serbest bir oyunudur.” Dolayısı ile Modernist şairin sabitlenmiş bir gönderge noktası bulma çabası, hem dilsel hem de semantik anlamda bir kaygıya, bir “temsil krizine” dönüşmektedir. Bu “temsil krizi” dil ve anlam arasında, gösteren ve gösterilen arasındaki sorunsallaşmış ilişkiye işaret etmektedir. Bu dilsel gerilim Hardy'nin şiirlerinde de gözlemlenmektedir.

References

  • Berger, Sheila. “Iconology and Epistemology in Thomas Hardy's Works: The Image and the Eye.” Thomas Hardy and Visual Structures: Framing, Disruption, Process. New York: New York UP, 1990. 3-18.
  • Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorti Spivak. Cor. Ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. --. “This Strange Institution Called Literature: An Interview with Jacques Derrida.”
  • Deconstruction: Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies. Ed. Jonathan D. Culler. Vol. 2. London: Routledge, 2003. 3-34. Google Book Search. Web.11 Temmuz 2015.
  • Descartes, René. “Third Meditation: Of God, That He Exists.” Meditations on First Philosophy: with Selections from the Objections and Replies. A New Translation by Michael Moriarty. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. 25-38.
  • Emig, Rainer. Modernism in Poetry: Motivations, Structures and Limits. London: Longman, 1995.
  • Felperin, Howard. “Deconstruction Reconstructed.” Ch. 4. Beyond Deconstruction: The Uses and Abuses of Literary Theory. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1985. 104-147.
  • Google Book Search. Web. 11 Temmuz 2015.
  • Hardy, Florence Emily. The Later Years of Thomas Hardy, 1892-1928. Cambridge
  • Library Collection. New York: Cambridge UP, 2011. 58-59.
  • Hardy, Thomas. Thomas Hardy: The Complete Poems. Ed. James Gibson. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2001.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Trans. John Macquarrie ve Edward Robinson. 7th Ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1962; 2001.
  • Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: The First Complete Edition in English. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006.
  • Lanzano, Ellen Anne. “Chronicles of Love: The Time of Lyonnesse.” Hardy: The Temporal Poetics: Studies in Nineteenth-Century British Literature. Ed. Regina Hewitt. Vol. 10. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. 75-109.
  • Levinson, Marjorie. “Object-Loss and Object-Bondage: Economies of Representation in Hardy's Poetry.” ELH 73.2 (2006): 549-580. JSTOR. Web. 23 Eylül 2014.
  • Miller, Hillis J. The Linguistic Moment: From Wordsworth to Stevens. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1985.
  • Morgan, William W. “Form, Tradition, and Consolation in Hardy's Poems of 1912
  • ” PMLA 89. 3(1974): 496-505. Modern Language Association. JSTOR. Web. 23 Eylül 2014. --. “The Partial Vision: Hardy's Idea of Dramatic Poetry.” Thomas Hardy: Poems:
  • A Selection of Critical Essays. Ed. James Gibson ve Trevor Johnson. London: Macmillan, 1979. 244-52.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. “On Truth and Lies in Their Non Moral Sense” (1873). The Portable Nietzsche. Ed. ve Çev. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Penguin, 1965. 47.
  • Page, Norman. “Opening Time: Hardy's Poetic Thresholds.” Thomas Hardy Reappraised: Essays in Honour of Michael Millgate. Ed. Keith Wilson. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2006. 262-269.
  • Riquelme, John Paul. “The Modernity of Thomas Hardy's Poetry.” The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy. Ed. Dale Kramer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 204-223.
  • Shires, Linda. “Hardy and Nineteenth-Century Poetry and Poetics.” Thomas Hardy Studies. Ed. Phillip Mallet. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 255-279.
  • Ward, John Powell. “Hardy's Aesthetics and Twentieth-Century Poetry.” Thomas Hardy Studies. Ed. Phillip Mallet. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 279-303.
  • Widdowson, Peter. “Hardy and Critical Theory.” The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy. Ed. Dale Kramer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. 73-92.

CRISIS OF REPRESENTATION IN POEMS BY THOMAS HARDY

Year 2016, Volume: 56 Issue: 2, 389 - 412, 01.01.2016

Abstract

Thomas Hardy is a poet who produced most of his poetry in the Victorian age but published it largely in the twentieth century when the literary sensibility was predominantly modern. Although Hardy is not conventionally considered a Modernist poet, he shares with Modernists an element that can be referred to as the linguistic crisis by which they try to get over the sense of anxiety against the backdrop of a chaotic world and problematized language. The forerunner of Deconstructionism, Derrida, exposes a long established history of logocentric thinking, which has continually been moving between binary oppositions and Platonic dualities. Derrida simply puts forward the idea that there is no logos, no origin, and no centre of truth. The centre is always somewhere else; he identies this as a “free play of signiers.” Consequently, the anxiety of the poet with modern sensibility to nd a point of reference inevitably results in a “crisis of representation,” or, in a problematic relation between language and truth, signier and signied. This crisis can be observed in Hardy's poetry, too.

References

  • Berger, Sheila. “Iconology and Epistemology in Thomas Hardy's Works: The Image and the Eye.” Thomas Hardy and Visual Structures: Framing, Disruption, Process. New York: New York UP, 1990. 3-18.
  • Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorti Spivak. Cor. Ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. --. “This Strange Institution Called Literature: An Interview with Jacques Derrida.”
  • Deconstruction: Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies. Ed. Jonathan D. Culler. Vol. 2. London: Routledge, 2003. 3-34. Google Book Search. Web.11 Temmuz 2015.
  • Descartes, René. “Third Meditation: Of God, That He Exists.” Meditations on First Philosophy: with Selections from the Objections and Replies. A New Translation by Michael Moriarty. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. 25-38.
  • Emig, Rainer. Modernism in Poetry: Motivations, Structures and Limits. London: Longman, 1995.
  • Felperin, Howard. “Deconstruction Reconstructed.” Ch. 4. Beyond Deconstruction: The Uses and Abuses of Literary Theory. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1985. 104-147.
  • Google Book Search. Web. 11 Temmuz 2015.
  • Hardy, Florence Emily. The Later Years of Thomas Hardy, 1892-1928. Cambridge
  • Library Collection. New York: Cambridge UP, 2011. 58-59.
  • Hardy, Thomas. Thomas Hardy: The Complete Poems. Ed. James Gibson. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2001.
  • Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Trans. John Macquarrie ve Edward Robinson. 7th Ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1962; 2001.
  • Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: The First Complete Edition in English. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006.
  • Lanzano, Ellen Anne. “Chronicles of Love: The Time of Lyonnesse.” Hardy: The Temporal Poetics: Studies in Nineteenth-Century British Literature. Ed. Regina Hewitt. Vol. 10. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. 75-109.
  • Levinson, Marjorie. “Object-Loss and Object-Bondage: Economies of Representation in Hardy's Poetry.” ELH 73.2 (2006): 549-580. JSTOR. Web. 23 Eylül 2014.
  • Miller, Hillis J. The Linguistic Moment: From Wordsworth to Stevens. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1985.
  • Morgan, William W. “Form, Tradition, and Consolation in Hardy's Poems of 1912
  • ” PMLA 89. 3(1974): 496-505. Modern Language Association. JSTOR. Web. 23 Eylül 2014. --. “The Partial Vision: Hardy's Idea of Dramatic Poetry.” Thomas Hardy: Poems:
  • A Selection of Critical Essays. Ed. James Gibson ve Trevor Johnson. London: Macmillan, 1979. 244-52.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. “On Truth and Lies in Their Non Moral Sense” (1873). The Portable Nietzsche. Ed. ve Çev. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Penguin, 1965. 47.
  • Page, Norman. “Opening Time: Hardy's Poetic Thresholds.” Thomas Hardy Reappraised: Essays in Honour of Michael Millgate. Ed. Keith Wilson. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2006. 262-269.
  • Riquelme, John Paul. “The Modernity of Thomas Hardy's Poetry.” The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy. Ed. Dale Kramer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 204-223.
  • Shires, Linda. “Hardy and Nineteenth-Century Poetry and Poetics.” Thomas Hardy Studies. Ed. Phillip Mallet. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 255-279.
  • Ward, John Powell. “Hardy's Aesthetics and Twentieth-Century Poetry.” Thomas Hardy Studies. Ed. Phillip Mallet. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 279-303.
  • Widdowson, Peter. “Hardy and Critical Theory.” The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy. Ed. Dale Kramer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. 73-92.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nilüfer Özgür This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 56 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özgür, N. (2016). THOMAS HARDY’NİN ŞİİRLERİNDEKİ TEMSİL KRİZİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 56(2), 389-412.

Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography

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