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BUDDHİST KÜLTÜRÜN ACANTA MAĞARALARINDAKİ İZLERİ: VİHĀRALAR

Year 2018, Volume: 58 Issue: 1, 29 - 58, 01.01.2018

Abstract

Hint’e ait oldukça kıymetli izleri içerisinde barındıran Acanta Mağaraları, kadim Hint tarihi ve kültürü açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Acanta mağaraları yapılış tarihleri ve biçimsel özellikleri bakımından iki gruba ayrılmaktadır. Tarihsel süreçte, milattan önceki döneme ait olanlar, birinci grup; milattan sonra 4. yüzyıl itibarıyla oyulmuş olanlar ise ikinci grup olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Yapılış biçimleri açısından da Hint’e özgü haliyle, vihāralar ve çaityalar olmak üzere ikiye ayrılırlar. Çalışmamıza konu olan vihāralar ise, verandası, iç ve dış sütunları, heykel, kabartma ve duvar resimleriyle, her biri ayrı ayrı kıymetli, birer sanat eseri olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Mağaralardaki duvar resimlerinde ise çoğunlukla Buddhist kültüre ait figürler yer almakta olup, Avadāna ve Cātaka metinlerine ait sahneler ustalıkla resmedilmiştir. Bu renkli duvar resimlerinin geleneksel Asya resim sanatının da öncüsü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise, toplamda otuz tane olan Acanta mağaralarından, sözü edilen unsurlar dâhilinde, vihāra biçimindeki yirmi beş tanesi incelenmiştir. Böylece, Hint geleneğinin Buddhist inanca ait kültürel mirası ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara katkıda bulunulmak istenmiştir.

References

  • Agrawal, Akanksha, Megha Naidu ve Ravindra Patnayaka. “Ajanta Caves: A Perspective on Construction Methods and Techniques” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 5.9 (2016): 217-223. Web. 07.01.2018.
  • Bazin, Germain. Sanat Tarihi Sanatın İlk Örneklerinden Günümüze. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayıncılık, 2015.
  • Burgess, Jas. Buddhist Art in India. New York: Burgess Press, 2007.
  • Brown, Percy. Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods). New York: Tobey Press, 2013.
  • Craven, Roy C. Indian Art A Concise History. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. 1987.
  • Dey, Mukul Chandra. My Pilgrimages to Ajanta and Bagh. New Delhi: Gyan Books Pvt. Ltd., 1986.
  • Foucher, Alfred. The Beginning of the Buddhist Art And Other Essays Indian and Central Asian Archaeology. London: Humphrey Milford, 1914. Web. 12.01.2018
  • Ghosh, Amalananda, Ajanta Murals. Delhi: The Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1996.
  • Goetz, Hermann. The Art of India Five Thousand Years of Indian Art. New York: Greystone Press, 1964.
  • Huntington, Susan L. The Art of Ancient India Buddhist, Hindu, Jain. Tokyo: Weatherhill Inc., 1985.
  • Kanaiyalal, H. Vakil. At Ajanta. Bombay: D.B. Taraporevala Sons and Co. “Kitab Mahal.” 1929. Web. 12.01.2018.
  • Kaya, Korhan. Hint Mitolojisi Sözlüğü. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi, 2003.
  • --. Buddhizm Sözlüğü. Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları, 2017.
  • Mitra, Debala. Ajanta. Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 2003.
  • Rawson, Philip. Indian Painting. New York: Universe Books, 1961.
  • Rowland, Benjamin. The Ajanta Caves Early Buddhist Paintings From India. New York: United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization Mentor-Unesco Art Books, 1963.
  • Smith, Vincent A. A History of Fine Art in India & Ceylon. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1930.
  • Singh, Madanjeet, Ajanta, Ajanta Painting of the Sacred and The Secular. New York: The Macmillan Company Press, 1965.
  • Upadhya, D. Om. The Art of Ajanta and Sopocani. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publications. 1994.
  • Wiener, Sheila. Ajanta Its Place in Buddhist Art. London: University of California Press, 1977.

THE TRACES OF BUDDISHT CULTURE ON THE WALLS OF ACANTA CAVES: VIHARAS

Year 2018, Volume: 58 Issue: 1, 29 - 58, 01.01.2018

Abstract

The Acanta Caves, which are housing quite amount of precious traces belonging to India, have an important place in amazing Indian history and culture. Acanta caves are divided into two groups in terms of their construction dates and their formal characteristics. Historically, those belonging to prehistory periods are called as the first group whereas those carved in the 4th century AD are called as the second group. In terms of their form, they are divided into two as indigenous to India, viharas and chaityas. The Viharas which are subject to this work carry the feature of being a precious masterpiece, each with its verandah, inner and outer columns, sculpture, relief and wall paintings. In the wall paintings of the caves, there are mostly Buddhist cultural figures; also the scenes of Avadāna and Cātaka texts are depicted skillfully. These colorful wall paintings are thought to be the pioneer of traditional Asian art. In this study, twenty-five vihara-formed caves out of thirty Acanta caves were examined within the mentioned elements. Thus, it is desirable to contribute to the study of the Cultural Heritage of Hindu Tradition Belonging to Buddhist Belief.

References

  • Agrawal, Akanksha, Megha Naidu ve Ravindra Patnayaka. “Ajanta Caves: A Perspective on Construction Methods and Techniques” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 5.9 (2016): 217-223. Web. 07.01.2018.
  • Bazin, Germain. Sanat Tarihi Sanatın İlk Örneklerinden Günümüze. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayıncılık, 2015.
  • Burgess, Jas. Buddhist Art in India. New York: Burgess Press, 2007.
  • Brown, Percy. Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods). New York: Tobey Press, 2013.
  • Craven, Roy C. Indian Art A Concise History. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. 1987.
  • Dey, Mukul Chandra. My Pilgrimages to Ajanta and Bagh. New Delhi: Gyan Books Pvt. Ltd., 1986.
  • Foucher, Alfred. The Beginning of the Buddhist Art And Other Essays Indian and Central Asian Archaeology. London: Humphrey Milford, 1914. Web. 12.01.2018
  • Ghosh, Amalananda, Ajanta Murals. Delhi: The Director General Archaeological Survey of India, 1996.
  • Goetz, Hermann. The Art of India Five Thousand Years of Indian Art. New York: Greystone Press, 1964.
  • Huntington, Susan L. The Art of Ancient India Buddhist, Hindu, Jain. Tokyo: Weatherhill Inc., 1985.
  • Kanaiyalal, H. Vakil. At Ajanta. Bombay: D.B. Taraporevala Sons and Co. “Kitab Mahal.” 1929. Web. 12.01.2018.
  • Kaya, Korhan. Hint Mitolojisi Sözlüğü. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi, 2003.
  • --. Buddhizm Sözlüğü. Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları, 2017.
  • Mitra, Debala. Ajanta. Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 2003.
  • Rawson, Philip. Indian Painting. New York: Universe Books, 1961.
  • Rowland, Benjamin. The Ajanta Caves Early Buddhist Paintings From India. New York: United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization Mentor-Unesco Art Books, 1963.
  • Smith, Vincent A. A History of Fine Art in India & Ceylon. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1930.
  • Singh, Madanjeet, Ajanta, Ajanta Painting of the Sacred and The Secular. New York: The Macmillan Company Press, 1965.
  • Upadhya, D. Om. The Art of Ajanta and Sopocani. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publications. 1994.
  • Wiener, Sheila. Ajanta Its Place in Buddhist Art. London: University of California Press, 1977.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yalçın Kayalı This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 58 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kayalı, Y. (2018). BUDDHİST KÜLTÜRÜN ACANTA MAĞARALARINDAKİ İZLERİ: VİHĀRALAR. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(1), 29-58.

Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography

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