Doku Mühendisliğinde Yeni Tip Grafen Esaslı Kemik İskelesi

Abstract

Biyoimplant mühendisliği hasarlı dokuları ve organları onarmak, tamir etmek ya da korumayı amaçlamaktadır. Her yıl çok sayıda insan kaza ya da çeşitli hastalıklardan kaynaklı olan iskelet kusurlarındaki kemikleri onarmak/tamir etmek istemektedir. Bu nedenle üzerinde yeni kemik büyümesinin oluşabileceği iskeleleri oluşturabilmek çok farklı biyomalzeme türleri kullanılmıştır. Hidroksiapatit, apatit wollostonit ve karbon temelli biyomalzemeler bu amaçla kullanılmıştır. Karbon nanomateryal baskılı iskeleler ticari olarak ulaşılabilirlik, mekanik stabilite, biyolojik uyumluluk özelliklerinden dolayı kullanımı oldukça yaygın biyomalzeme grubudur. Karbon esaslı iskeleler osteojenikfarklılaşma, kemik doku yenilenmesi, etkili hücre çoğalması özelliği göstermektedir. Kemik iskeleleri doku mühendisliğinde kemik büyümesi, yenilenmesi, tamiri, kemik dokusu hücrelerinde farklılaşma, adhezyon için temel yapı taşı olarak görülmektedir. Kemik iskeleleri gibi hareket eden çok sayıda karbon nanomateryali mevcuttur. Karbon nanotüpler, grafen ve fulleren kemik iskelesi olarak kullanılabilen karbon esaslı malzemelerin başlıcalarıdır. Grafen ve türevleri dikkat çekici fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklere sahip 2D karbon esaslı bir malzemedir. Grafen mükemmel elektriksel iletkenliği, biyouyumluluğu, yüzey alanı ve termal özellikleri yüzünden bilim dünyası tarafından ilgi görmektedir. Grafenin tabakaları yüksek mekanik dirence ve yüksek spesifik yüzey alanına sahiptir. Dahası grafenin kök hücre farklılaşmasını ve biyomateryal özelliklerini geliştirdiği literatürde raporlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada grafenin biyouyumluluk özellikleri, grafenin biyomateryal olarak kullanımına dair son çalışmalar ve karbon temelli maddelerin klinik olarak uygulanabilmesi amacıyla biyogüvenlik tartışmaları incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Biyomalzemeler
• Kemik iskeleti
• Grafenoksit
• Hidroksiapatit

A New Type Of Graphene Based Bone Scaffold In Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The aim of bioimplant technology is to repair, repair or preserve damaged tissues and organs. Every year, many people want to fix/repair bones in skeletal defects caused by accidents or various diseases. For this reason, many different types of biomaterials have been used to create scaffolds on which new bone growth can take place. Hydroxyapatite, apatite-wollostonite, and carbon-based biomaterials have been used for this purpose. Scaffolds printed with carbon nanomaterials are a widely used group of biomaterials because of their commercial availability, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility.Carbon-based scaffolds demonstrate osteogenic differentiation, bone tissue regeneration, and efficient cell proliferation. Bone scaffolds are considered to be the basic building blocks for bone growth, regeneration, repair, differentiation, and adhesion in bone tissue cells in tissue engineering. Many carbon nanomaterials are available that act as skeletons. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene are the main carbon-based materials that can be used as skeletons. Graphene and its derivatives are a 2D carbon-based material with remarkable physical, chemical, and biological properties. Graphene is of interest to the scientific community because of its excellent electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, surface area, and thermal properties. Graphene sheets have high mechanical strength and large specific surface area. In addition, it has been reported in the literature that graphene enhances stem cell differentiation and biomaterial properties. The conducted study examined the biocompatibility properties of graphene, current studies on the use of graphene as a biomaterial, and biosafety discussions for the clinical application of carbon-based materials. 

Keywords

• Biommaterials
• Scaffold
• graphenoxide
• hydroxyapatite

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