Impact of Some Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Growth of Zea mays L. and Helianthus annuus L.

Year 2022, , 2144 - 2154, 25.10.2022

Fadime Donbaloğlu Bozca , Ardahan Eski , Sema Leblebici

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1086307

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi, a promising alternative to conventional insecticides, have been widely used as biocontrol agents for the regulation of pest populations. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that entomopathogenic fungi also have growth-promoting properties in plants. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi strains, Beauveria bassiana Pa4, Cordyceps fumosorosea KTU-42, and Metarhizium flavoviride As-18, on the germination and early development period of sunflower and maize plants. In this study, it was determined that EPF application did not affect the seed germination percentage in maize, but increased the germination percentage of sunflower seeds. It was determined that M. flavoviride application significantly increased root-stem weight, root length, stem diameter and biomass in sunflower samples compared to other EPF applications and control. In maize, it was determined that EPF applications had a positive effect only on root length. The most effective fungus to increase growth on maize plants was C. fumosorosea KTU-42. On the other hand, the same result was obtained with M. flavoviride As-18 on sunflower plants. The present study reported that these fungi promote plant development and should be considered an important factor in plant production besides pest management.

Keywords

Entomopathogen fungus, Germination, Plant growth, Maize, Sunflower

Thanks

We are grateful to Prof Ismail Demir from Karadeniz Technical University for providing the fungal strains.

Bazı Entomopatojenik Fungusların Zea mays L. ve Helianthus annuus L.'nin Büyümesi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Geleneksel insektisitlere umut verici bir alternatif olan entomopatojenik funguslar, bitki zararlı popülasyonlarının azaltılması için biyokontrol ajanları olarak yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, son çalışmalar, entomopatojenik fungusların bitkilerde büyümeyi teşvik edici özelliklere de sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yerli entomopatojenik fungus suşları olan Beauveria bassiana Pa4, Cordyceps fumosorosea KTU-42 ve Metarhizium flavoviride As-18'in ayçiçeği ve mısırın çimlenme ve erken gelişme periyodu üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışmada, EPF uygulamasının mısırda tohum çimlenme yüzdesini etkilemediği ancak ayçiçeği tohumlarının çimlenme yüzdesini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayçiçeği örneklerinde M. flavoviride uygulamasının diğer EPF uygulamalarına ve kontrole göre kök-gövde ağırlığını, kök uzunluğunu, gövde çapını ve biyokütleyi önemli ölçüde arttırdığı belirlendi. Mısırda ise EPF uygulamalarının sadece kök uzunluğuna olumlu etki yaptığı belirlendi. Mısır bitkilerinde büyümeyi arttırmada en etkili mantar C. fumosorosea KTU-42 oldu. Ayçiçeği bitkilerinde ise M. flavoviride As-18 ile aynı sonuç elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, bu mantarların bitki gelişimini desteklediğini ve zararlı yönetiminin yanı sıra bitki üretiminde önemli bir faktör olarak görülmesi gerektiğini bildirmiştir.

Keywords

Entomopatojen fungus, Çimlenme, Bitki büyümesi, Mısır, Ayçiçeği

References

• [1] D. Singh, T.K. Raina, and J. Singh, “Entomopathogenic fungi: An effective biocontrol agent for management of insect populations naturally,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 830–839, 2017.
• [2] L.R. Jaber, and B.H. Ownley, “Can we use entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes for dual biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens?,” Biological Control, vol. 116, pp. 36–45, 2018.
• [3] Sharma, A. Srivastava, A.K. Shukla, K. Srivastava, A.K. Srivastava, and A.K. Saxena, “Entomopathogenic Fungi: A Potential Source for Biological Control of Insect Pests,” Phytobiomes: Current Insights and Future Vistas, Springer, Singapore, pp. 225-250, 2020. [4] M.L. Russo, S.A. Pelizza, M.F. Vianna, N. Allegrucci, M.N. Cabello, A.V. Toledo, C. Mourelos and A.C. Scorsetti, “Effect of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. growth and yield,” Journal of King Saud University – Science, vol. 31, pp. 728–736, 2019.
• [5] R.E. Jensen, C Cabral., A. Enkegaard, and T. Steenberg, “Influence of the plant interacting entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on parasitoid host choice-behavior, development, and plant defense pathways,” PLoS ONE, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1–16, 2020.
• [6] L. Kuzhuppillymyal-Prabhakarankutty, F.H. Ferrara-Rivero, P. Tamez-Guerra, R. Gomez-Flores, M.C. Rodríguez-Padilla, and M.J. Ek-Ramos, “Effect of Beauveria bassiana-seed treatment on Zea mays L. Response against spodoptera frugiperda,” Applied Sciences, vol. 11 no. 2887, pp. 1- 15, 2021.
• [7] L. Barra-Bucarei, M.G. González, A.F. Iglesias, G.S. Aguayo, M.G. Peñalosa and P.V. Vera, “Beauveria bassiana multifunction as an endophyte: Growth promotion and biologic control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum, (westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato,” Insects, vol. 11, no. 591, pp. 1–15, 2020.
• [8] E. González-Pérez, M.A. Ortega-Amaro, E. Bautista, P. Delgado-Sánchez, and J.F. Jiménez- Bremont, “The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae enhances Arabidopsis, tomato, and maize plant growth,” Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. 176, pp. 34-43, 2022.
• [9] C.M. Senthil Kumar, T.K. Jacob, S. Devasahayam, S. Thomas, and C. Geethu, “Multifarious plant growth promotion by an entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium psalliotae,” Microbiological Research, vol. 207, pp. 153–160, 2018.
• [10] S.K. Dara, S.S.R. Dara, and S.S. Dara, “Impact of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Growth, Development, and Health of Cabbage Growing under Water Stress,” American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 08, pp. 1224–1233, 2017.
• [11] A.C. McKinnon, “Interactions between isolates of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Zea mays,” Ph.D. dissertation, Plant Pathology, Lincoln University, New Zealand, 2017.
• [12] B.D. Smith, “The domestication of Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower),” Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, vol. 23, pp. 57–74, 2014.
• [13] G.J. Seiler, L.L. Qi, and L.F. Marek, “Utilization of sunflower crop wild relatives for cultivated sunflower improvement,” Crop Science, vol. 57, pp. 1083–1101, 2017.
• [14] T. Kalyar, S. Rauf, J.A. Teixeira Da Silva and M. Shahzad, “Handling sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) populations under heat stress,” Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 655–672, 2014.
• [15] T. Tefera, and S. Vidal, “Effect of inoculation method and plant growth medium on endophytic colonization of sorghum by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana,” BioControl, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 663-669, 2009.
• [16] S. Sulus, and S. Leblebici, “The Effect of Boric Acid Application on Ecophysiological Characterıstics of Safflower Varieties (Carthamus tinctorius L.),” Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, vol. 29, no. 09A, pp. 8177–8185, 2020.
• [17] J. García, J. Posadas, A. Perticari, and R Lecuona, “Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin Promotes Growth and Has Endophytic Activity in Tomato Plants,” Advances in Biological Research, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 22–27, 2011.
• [18] R.K. Sasan, and M.J. Bidochka, “The insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii (Clavicipitaceae) is also an endophyte that stimulates plant root development,”, American Journal of Botany, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 101–107, 2012.
• [19] D.C. Lopez, and G.A. Sword, “The endophytic fungal entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Purpureocillium lilacinum enhance the growth of cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and negatively affect survival of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea),” Biological Control, vol. 89, pp. 53–60, 2015.
• [20] J.T. Kabaluk and J.D. Ericsson, “Metarhizium anisopliae seed treatment increases yield of field corn when applied for wireworm control,” Agronomy Journal, vol. 99, no. September-October, pp. 1377–1381, 2007.
• [21] X. Liao, T.R. O’Brien, W. Fang, and R.J St. Leger, “The plant beneficial effects of Metarhizium species correlate with their association with roots,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 98, pp. 7089–7096, 2014.
• [22] K.A. Diniz, P.A. de Silva, J.A. Oliveira, and E. Evangelista, “Sweet pepper seed responses to inoculation with microorganisms and coating with micronutrients, aminoacids and plant growth regulators,”, Scientia Agricola, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 293–297, 2009.
• [23] S.F. Liu, G.J. Wang, X.Q. Nong, B. Liu, M.M. Wang, S.L. Li, G.C. Cao, and Z.H. Zhang, “Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae promotes the early development of peanut root,” Plant Protection Science, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 101–107, 2017.
• [24] T. Sun, Z. Shen, M. Shaukat, C. Du and S. Ali, “Endophytic Isolates of Cordyceps fumosorosea to Enhance the Growth of Solanum melongena and Reduce the Survival of Whitefly (Bemicisia tabaci),” Insects, vol. 11, no. 78, pp. 1–11, 2020.
• [25] M.L. Russo, A.C. Scorsetti, M.F. Vianna, M. Cabello, N. Ferreri and S. Pelizza, “Endophytic Effects of Beauveria bassiana on Corn (Zea mays) and Its Herbivore, Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae),” Insects, vol. 10, no. 110, pp.1–9. 2019.
• [26] L.R. Jaber, and J. Enkerli, “Effect of seed treatment duration on growth and colonization of Vicia faba by endophytic Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum,” Biological Control, vol. 103, pp. 187–195, 2016.
• [27] L.C. Lewis, D.J. Bruck, R.D. Gunnarson, and K.G. Bidne, “Assessment of plant pathogenicity of endophytic Beauveria bassiana in Bt transgenic and non-transgenic corn,” Crop Science, vol. 41, pp. 1395–1400, 2001.
• [28] F. Espinoza, S. Vidal, F. Rautenbach, F. Lewu ve F. Nchu, “Effects of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) on plant growth and secondary metabolites of extracts of hydroponically cultivated chive (Allium schoenoprasum L. [Amaryllidaceae]),” Heliyon, vol. 5, no. e03038, pp. 1-6, 2019
• [29] M. Spiridon, “Endophytic Colonization of Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) Plants Can Affect the Infestation of Serious Pests,” Applied Microbiology: Theory & Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 51–57, 2020.
• [30] E.M. Doherty, A.B. Pasco, E.B. Duren, L.M. Cano, and L. Rossi, “In planta Localization of Endophytic Cordyceps fumosorosea in Carrizo Citrus,” Microorganisms, vol. 9, no. 291, pp. 1– 10. 2021.
• [31] P. Miranda-Fuentes, A. B. García-Carneros, and L. Molinero-Ruiz, “Updated Characterization of Races of Plasmopara halstedii and Entomopathogenic Fungi as Endophytes of Sunflower Plants in Axenic Culture,” Agronomy, vol. 11, vol. 268, pp. 1-14. 2021.