Antioxidative and Anticarcinogenic Effects of Terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L) Extract on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Abstract

In recent years, cancer research; It is one of the most important health problems of our age with its high mortality rate and incidence. In addition to existing treatment systems, it is vital to develop effective treatment strategies for the prevention of increasing cancer cases. Extracts from plants, essential oils, and bioactive components; Due to their natural origin, they have the potential to provide effective treatment with fewer side effects. The aim of this study was to examine the oxidative stress, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the extract of terebinth in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). The results obtained with healthy liver epithelial cells (ZFL) were compared and it was evaluated whether this extract was specific to cancer cells. In our study, which was conducted for the first time in the literature, the iCELLigence system was used to determine the IC50 dose and duration of the extract obtained from terebinth by the soxhlet method, the MTT method to determine the cytotoxicity, and the Annexin V method to determine the apoptosis profile. In determining oxidative damage caused by terebinth extract; TAS, TOS, GSH, and lipid peroxidation levels and NADP-IDH, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase enzyme activities were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. As a result of the analysis with the iCELLigence system, the 48-hour IC50 dose of terebinth extract in HepG2 cells was found to be 419 µg/mL. By cytotoxicity analysis, it was observed that the terebinth extract was more lethal in HepG2 cells compared to ZFL cells. Likewise, it was observed that the number of apoptotic and dead cells observed in HepG2 cells at 6 hours was higher than in ZFL cells. While the results observed in ZFL cells were not statistically significant in the analyzes performed to determine oxidative damage, significant oxidative damage was observed in HepG2 cells compared to both the control group and ZFL cells. The findings will be a source for studies on the development of new agents in cancer treatment.

Keywords

• Cancer
• liver
• cytotoxicity
• apoptosis
• oxidative stress
• terebinth.

Menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus L) Ekstraktının Hepatoselüler Karsinom Hücrelerinde Antioksidatif ve Antikarsinojenik Etkileri

Abstract

Çağımızın en yüksek ölüm oranına sahip sağlık sorunlarından biri olan kanser vakalarının önlenmesi için yeni ve etkili tedavi stratejileri geliştirmeye yönelik araştırmalar son yıllarda önem kazanmıştır. Doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen özütler, uçucu yağlar ve biyoaktif bileşenler daha az yan etki ile etkin tedavi sunma potansiyelindedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, menengiç meyvesinin ekstraktının hepatoselüler karsinom hücrelerinde (HepG2) oksidatif stres, sitotoksik ve apoptotik etkilerini incelemektir. Sağlıklı karaciğer epitel hücreleri (ZFL) ile elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak bu ekstraktın kanser hücrelerine spesifik olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Literatürde ilk kez yapılan çalışmamızda, soxhlet yöntemi ile menengiç meyvelerinden elde edilen ekstraktın IC50 dozunu ve süresini belirlemek için iCELLigence sistemi, sitotoksisiteyi belirlemek amacıyla MTT yöntemi, apoptoz profilini belirlemek için Anneksin V yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Menengiç ekstraktının oluşturabileceği oksidatif hasarın belirlenmesinde; TAS, TOS, GSH ve lipid peroksidasyon seviyeleri ile NADP-IDH, katalaz, alkalen fosfataz ve asit fosfataz enzim aktivitesi analizleri spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle yapılmıştır. iCELLigence sistemi ile yapılan analiz sonucunda menengiç ekstraktının HepG2 hücrelerindeki 48 saatlik IC50 dozu 419 µg/mL olarak bulunmuştur. Sitotoksisite analizi ile menengiç ekstraktının HepG2 hücrelerinde ZFL hücrelerine kıyasla daha öldürücü olduğu gözlenmiştir. Aynı şekilde HepG2 hücrelerinde 6 saatte gözlenen apoptotik ve ölü hücre sayısı ZFL hücrelerine göre daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Oksidatif hasarı belirlemek için yapılan analizlerde ZFL hücrelerinde gözlenen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmazken, HepG2 hücrelerinde hem kontrol grubuyla hem de ZFL hücrelerine kıyasla belirgin oksidatif hasar gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, kanser tedavisinde yeni ajanlar geliştirilmesi yönündeki çalışmalara kaynak oluşturabilecektir.

Keywords

• Kanser
• karaciğer
• sitotoksisite
• apoptoz
• oksidatif stres
• menengiç.

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