Identifying Infill Wall Failures in Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes and Strategies for Performance Improvement

Abstract

Non-structural walls play a very important role in buildings, as they are used to create partitions and provide aesthetic appeal. However, their failures during earthquakes have been a recurring issue. Damage to the infill walls that occurred due to the Kahramanmaraş earthquake on February 6, 2023, was observed in residential and industrial buildings and especially in transformer structures that provide vital electricity distribution. This article presents the findings of field surveys conducted in Kahramanmaraş after recent earthquakes, focusing on non-structural wall collapses that obstructed mainly residential building entrances-exits and structures of particular importance. Within the scope of this study, deficiencies in the certification process in the field of infill walls were seen as the root of workmanship defects. Recommendations were made for the deficiencies in the certification process and for improving the process for the future. Infill walls shouldn’t exhibit out-of-plane behavior, causing loss of life and property and for escape routes to be blocked due to falling walls. With today's technology and engineering, it is possible to positively improve the energy consumption capacity and out-of-plane behavior of infill walls. In this context, a detailed literature review was conducted, and the different techniques used were explained in the article. In addition, explanations were given regarding the force of regulation in Türkiye. Within the scope of the study, the compatibility of regulations and national qualifications in the direction from the design to the production of infill walls is revealed.

Keywords

• Non-structural walls
• Infill Wall
• Wall
• Earthquake
• Building failures
• Construction practices
• National qualification system
• TBDY 2018

Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinde Dolgu Duvar Hatalarının Belirlenmesi ve Performans Geliştirme Stratejileri

Abstract

Yapısal olmayan duvarlar, bölmeler oluşturmak ve estetik çekicilik sağlamak için kullanıldıklarından binalarda çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Ancak deprem sırasındaki başarısızlıkları sürekli tekrarlanan bir sorun olmuştur. 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremi sonucu konut, sanayi binaları ve özellikle hayati öneme sahip elektrik dağıtımını sağlayan trafo yapılarındaki dolgu duvarlarda hasarlar gözlemlendi. Bu makale, Kahramanmaraş'ta meydana gelen son depremlerden sonra yapılan saha araştırmalarının bulgularını, özellikle konut binalarının giriş-çıkışlarını kapatan ve özel önem taşıyan yapıların işlevselliğini kaybetmesine neden olan yapısal olmayan duvar göçmelerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında dolgu duvar alanındaki sertifikasyon sürecindeki eksiklikler işçilik kusurlarının kökeni olarak görülmüştür. Sertifikasyon sürecindeki eksikliklere ve geleceğe yönelik sürecin iyileştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Dolgu duvarların düzlem dışı davranış sergileyerek can ve mal kaybına yol açması, göçen duvarlar nedeniyle kaçış yollarının kapanması istenmez. Günümüz teknolojisi ve mühendisliği ile dolgu duvarların enerji tüketim kapasitesini ve düzlem dışı davranışlarını olumlu yönde iyileştirmek mümkündür. Bu bağlamda detaylı bir literatür taraması yapılmış ve kullanılan farklı teknikler çalışmada irdelenmiştir. Buna ek olarak konu hakkında Türkiye'de yürürlükte olan mevzuata ilişkin açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında, dolgu duvarların tasarımından üretimine kadar olan süreçte kullanılan mevzuat ve ulusal yeterliliklerin eşgüdümün önemine vurgu yapılmıştır.

Keywords

• Yapısal olmayan duvarlar
• Dolgu Duvar
• Duvar
• Deprem
• Yapısal Göçmeler
• İnşaat uygulamaları
• Ulusal yeterlilik sistemi
• TBDY 2018

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