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Yüzme Havuzlarında Kullanıma Yönelik Çok Fonksiyonlu Tablet Formülasyonunun Geliştirilmesi

Year 2024, , 1849 - 1861, 23.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1419873

Abstract

Havuz suları halk sağlığı açısından belirli riskler taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle yüzme havuzu suyunun fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik parametreler açısından istenilen standartları karşılaması ve sağlıklı ve güvenli yüzme koşullarının sağlanması için düzenli olarak izlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ülkemizde yüzme havuzu suyu standartları Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından belirlenen yönetmeliklere göre belirlenmektedir. Bu standartları korumak için havuz suyu dezenfektanları, pH düşürücüler, çöktürücüler, parlatıcılar ve yosun inhibitörleri gibi çeşitli havuz kimyasallarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı, bu kimyasalların özelliklerini tek bir üründe birleştiren teknolojik bir yenilik olan multifonksiyonel bir tablet formülasyonu geliştirmektir. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için kalsiyum hipoklorit, trikloroizosiyanürik asit ve sodyum dikloroizosiyanürat gibi dezenfektanlar içeren yeni formülasyonlar üzerinde fiziksel ve bakterisidal testler yapılmıştır. Geliştirilen çok işlevli tablet formülasyonları, yüzme havuzu suyu kalitesi için gereken standartları karşılamak ve aşmak için etkili bir çözüm sunmaktadır.

References

  • [1] A. Zoroğlu, “Kapalı Yüzme Havuzu Sularının Dezenfeksiyonunda Kullanılan Venturi Ozon Sisteminin Toksikolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Medipol Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2019.
  • [2] J. Wyczarska-Kokot, “Comparıson Of Chloramıne Concentratıon In Swımmıng Pool Water Dependıng On Swımmıng Pool Intended Use,” Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A, vol. 22, no.1, pp. 27-37, 2015.
  • [3] Z. Bektaş, “Farklı Yöntemlerle Havuz Suyu Dezenfeksiyonunun İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, Türkiye, 2019.
  • [4] E. Tanaçan, “Kapalı Yüzme Havuzlarında Klorlu Organik Yan Ürünlerin İncelenmesi,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, Türkiye, 2017.
  • [5] S. Chowdhury, K. Al-hooshani, T. Karanfil, “Disinfection byproducts in swimming pool: Occurrences, implications and future needs,” Water Research, vol. 53, pp. 68–109, 2014.
  • [6] F. P. Gürses, “Klorlanmış İçme ve Havuz Sularında Sıvı-Sıvı Ekstraksiyonu ve İyon Kromatografisi ile Karsinojenik Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünlerinin Tayini,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Türkiye, 2016.
  • [7] L. Yang, C. Schmalz, J. Zhou, C. Zwiener, V. W.-C. Chang, L. Ge, M. P. Wan, “An insight of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation by alternative disinfectants for swimming pool disinfection under tropical conditions,” Water Research, vol. 101, pp. 535–546, 2016.
  • [8] M.-C. Aprea, B. Banchi, L. Lunghini, M. Pagliantini, A. Peruzzi, G. Sciarra, “Disinfection of swimming pools with chlorine and derivatives: formation of organochlorinated and organobrominated compounds and exposure of pool personnel and swimmers,” Natural Science, vol. 02, no. 2, pp. 68–78, 2010.
  • [9] M. Couto1, M. Kurowski, A. Bernard, L. Delgado, A. Moreira, F. Drobnic, R. R­Alves, M. Rukhadze, S. Seys, M. Wiszniewska, S. Quirce, “Health effects of exposure to chlorination by-products in swimming pools,” Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 3257–3275, 2021.
  • [10] J. Wyczarska-Kokot, A. Lempart-Rapacewicz, M. Dudziak, E. Łaskawiec, “Impact of swimming pool water treatment system factors on the content of selected disinfection by-products,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 192, no.722, 2020.
  • [11] A. Türkmen, “İstanbul’daki Yüzme Havuzlarından Alınan Su ve Biyofilm Örneklerinin Mikrobiyolojik Analizi,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2012.
  • [12] R. A. A. Carter and C. A. Joll, “Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review,” Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol.58, pp. 19–50, 2017.
  • [13] Q. Yiheng, A. Alam, S. Pan et al., “Integrated water quality monitoring system with pH, free chlorine, and temperature sensors,” Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, vol.255, pp. 781-790, 2018.
  • [14] F. El-Athman, L. Zehlike, A. Kampfe, R. Junek, H-C. Selinka, D. Mahringer, A. Grunert, “Pool water disinfection by ozone-bromine treatment: Assessing the disinfectant efficacy and the occurrence and in vitro toxicity of brominated disinfection by-products,” Water Research, vol.204, pp. 1-9, 2021.
  • [15] M. Özgür, “Edirne İlindeki Çevresel Sularda Kirlilik İndikatörü Mikroorganizmaların ve Yeni Çıkan Bakteriyel Patojenlerin Moleküler Yöntemlerle Saptanması,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trakya Üniversitesi, Edirne, Türkiye, 2013.
  • [16] F. Hassanein, I. Masoud, M. Fekry et al., “Environmental health aspects and microbial infections of the recreational water,” BMC Public Health, vol. 23, no. 302, pp. 1-11, 2023.
  • [17] U. F. Mustapha, S. M. Abobi, and G. Quarcoo, “Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Public Swimming Pools in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana,” Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal, vol. 3, no.2, pp. 236–249, 2020.
  • [18] M. Diani, M. N. Ariafar, and N. Akçelik, “İnsan ve Hayvan Sağlığı Açısından Risk Oluşturan Enterokokal Biyofilm Yapısının Doğası,” Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, c. 73, s. 1, ss. 71–80, 2016.
  • [19] R. H. Abdulrazzaq and R. M. Faisal, “Efficiency of Hichrome Enterococcus faecium Agar in the Isolation of Enterococcus spp. and other Associated Bacterial Genera from Water,” Journal of Life And Bio-Sciences Research, vol.03, no. 01, pp. 01-06, 2022.
  • [20] A. Casanovas-Massana and A. R. Blanch, “Characterization of microbial populations associated with natural swimming pools,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, vol.216, no. 2, pp. 132–137, 2013.
  • [21] Y. Wang, L. Claeys, D. Ha et al., “Effects of chemically and electrochemically dosed chlorine on Escherichia coli and Legionella beliardensis assessed by flow cytometry,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 87, pp. 331-341, 2010.
  • [22] X. Wei, J. Li, S. Hou, C. Xu, H. Zhang, E. R. Atwill, X. Li, Z. Yang, S. Chen, “Assessment of microbiological safety of water in public swimming pools in Guangzhou, China,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 15, no.7, 2018.
  • [23] L. Lamere, E. Smith, H. Grieser et al., “Pseudomonas Infection Outbreak Associated with a Hotel Swimming Pool,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 32-36, 2024.
  • [24] A. Dom´enech-S´anchez, E. Laso, S. Albertí, “Environmental surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in recreational waters in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain (2016–2019),” Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, vol. 54, pp. 1-7, 2024.
  • [25] T.C. Resmî Gazete. (2011, 15 Aralık). Yüzme Havuzlarının Tabi Olacağı Sağlık Esasları Hakkında Yönetmelik,[Çevrimiçi]. Erişim: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/File/GeneratePdf?mevzuatNo=14777&mevzuatTur=KurumVeKurulusYonetmeligi&mevzuatTertip=5
  • [26] J. Guo, Z. Zhou, Q. Ming et al., “Recovering precipitates from dechlorination process of saline wastewater as poly aluminum chloride,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 427, pp. 1-12, 2022.

Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools

Year 2024, , 1849 - 1861, 23.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1419873

Abstract

The pool waters pose certain risks to public health. Therefore, it is crucial for swimming pool water to meet the desired standards in terms of physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and to be regularly monitored to ensure the provision of healthy and safe swimming conditions. In our country, swimming pool water standards are determined in accordance with regulations set forth by the Ministry of Health. To maintain these standards, various pool chemicals are required, including pool water disinfectants, pH reducers, precipitators, brighteners, and algae inhibitors. The objective of our study is to develop a multifunctional tablet formulation, a technological innovation that combines the properties of these chemicals into a single product. To achieve this goal, we conducted physical and bactericidal tests on new formulations containing disinfectants such as calcium hypochlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acid, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The multifunctional tablet formulations developed provide an effective solution to meet and exceed the required standards for swimming pool water quality.

References

  • [1] A. Zoroğlu, “Kapalı Yüzme Havuzu Sularının Dezenfeksiyonunda Kullanılan Venturi Ozon Sisteminin Toksikolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Medipol Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2019.
  • [2] J. Wyczarska-Kokot, “Comparıson Of Chloramıne Concentratıon In Swımmıng Pool Water Dependıng On Swımmıng Pool Intended Use,” Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A, vol. 22, no.1, pp. 27-37, 2015.
  • [3] Z. Bektaş, “Farklı Yöntemlerle Havuz Suyu Dezenfeksiyonunun İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, Türkiye, 2019.
  • [4] E. Tanaçan, “Kapalı Yüzme Havuzlarında Klorlu Organik Yan Ürünlerin İncelenmesi,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, Türkiye, 2017.
  • [5] S. Chowdhury, K. Al-hooshani, T. Karanfil, “Disinfection byproducts in swimming pool: Occurrences, implications and future needs,” Water Research, vol. 53, pp. 68–109, 2014.
  • [6] F. P. Gürses, “Klorlanmış İçme ve Havuz Sularında Sıvı-Sıvı Ekstraksiyonu ve İyon Kromatografisi ile Karsinojenik Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünlerinin Tayini,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Türkiye, 2016.
  • [7] L. Yang, C. Schmalz, J. Zhou, C. Zwiener, V. W.-C. Chang, L. Ge, M. P. Wan, “An insight of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation by alternative disinfectants for swimming pool disinfection under tropical conditions,” Water Research, vol. 101, pp. 535–546, 2016.
  • [8] M.-C. Aprea, B. Banchi, L. Lunghini, M. Pagliantini, A. Peruzzi, G. Sciarra, “Disinfection of swimming pools with chlorine and derivatives: formation of organochlorinated and organobrominated compounds and exposure of pool personnel and swimmers,” Natural Science, vol. 02, no. 2, pp. 68–78, 2010.
  • [9] M. Couto1, M. Kurowski, A. Bernard, L. Delgado, A. Moreira, F. Drobnic, R. R­Alves, M. Rukhadze, S. Seys, M. Wiszniewska, S. Quirce, “Health effects of exposure to chlorination by-products in swimming pools,” Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 3257–3275, 2021.
  • [10] J. Wyczarska-Kokot, A. Lempart-Rapacewicz, M. Dudziak, E. Łaskawiec, “Impact of swimming pool water treatment system factors on the content of selected disinfection by-products,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 192, no.722, 2020.
  • [11] A. Türkmen, “İstanbul’daki Yüzme Havuzlarından Alınan Su ve Biyofilm Örneklerinin Mikrobiyolojik Analizi,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2012.
  • [12] R. A. A. Carter and C. A. Joll, “Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review,” Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol.58, pp. 19–50, 2017.
  • [13] Q. Yiheng, A. Alam, S. Pan et al., “Integrated water quality monitoring system with pH, free chlorine, and temperature sensors,” Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, vol.255, pp. 781-790, 2018.
  • [14] F. El-Athman, L. Zehlike, A. Kampfe, R. Junek, H-C. Selinka, D. Mahringer, A. Grunert, “Pool water disinfection by ozone-bromine treatment: Assessing the disinfectant efficacy and the occurrence and in vitro toxicity of brominated disinfection by-products,” Water Research, vol.204, pp. 1-9, 2021.
  • [15] M. Özgür, “Edirne İlindeki Çevresel Sularda Kirlilik İndikatörü Mikroorganizmaların ve Yeni Çıkan Bakteriyel Patojenlerin Moleküler Yöntemlerle Saptanması,” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trakya Üniversitesi, Edirne, Türkiye, 2013.
  • [16] F. Hassanein, I. Masoud, M. Fekry et al., “Environmental health aspects and microbial infections of the recreational water,” BMC Public Health, vol. 23, no. 302, pp. 1-11, 2023.
  • [17] U. F. Mustapha, S. M. Abobi, and G. Quarcoo, “Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Public Swimming Pools in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana,” Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal, vol. 3, no.2, pp. 236–249, 2020.
  • [18] M. Diani, M. N. Ariafar, and N. Akçelik, “İnsan ve Hayvan Sağlığı Açısından Risk Oluşturan Enterokokal Biyofilm Yapısının Doğası,” Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, c. 73, s. 1, ss. 71–80, 2016.
  • [19] R. H. Abdulrazzaq and R. M. Faisal, “Efficiency of Hichrome Enterococcus faecium Agar in the Isolation of Enterococcus spp. and other Associated Bacterial Genera from Water,” Journal of Life And Bio-Sciences Research, vol.03, no. 01, pp. 01-06, 2022.
  • [20] A. Casanovas-Massana and A. R. Blanch, “Characterization of microbial populations associated with natural swimming pools,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, vol.216, no. 2, pp. 132–137, 2013.
  • [21] Y. Wang, L. Claeys, D. Ha et al., “Effects of chemically and electrochemically dosed chlorine on Escherichia coli and Legionella beliardensis assessed by flow cytometry,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 87, pp. 331-341, 2010.
  • [22] X. Wei, J. Li, S. Hou, C. Xu, H. Zhang, E. R. Atwill, X. Li, Z. Yang, S. Chen, “Assessment of microbiological safety of water in public swimming pools in Guangzhou, China,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 15, no.7, 2018.
  • [23] L. Lamere, E. Smith, H. Grieser et al., “Pseudomonas Infection Outbreak Associated with a Hotel Swimming Pool,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 32-36, 2024.
  • [24] A. Dom´enech-S´anchez, E. Laso, S. Albertí, “Environmental surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in recreational waters in tourist facilities of the Balearic Islands, Spain (2016–2019),” Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, vol. 54, pp. 1-7, 2024.
  • [25] T.C. Resmî Gazete. (2011, 15 Aralık). Yüzme Havuzlarının Tabi Olacağı Sağlık Esasları Hakkında Yönetmelik,[Çevrimiçi]. Erişim: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/File/GeneratePdf?mevzuatNo=14777&mevzuatTur=KurumVeKurulusYonetmeligi&mevzuatTertip=5
  • [26] J. Guo, Z. Zhou, Q. Ming et al., “Recovering precipitates from dechlorination process of saline wastewater as poly aluminum chloride,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 427, pp. 1-12, 2022.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Analytical Chemistry (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yüsra Ayvaz 0009-0007-2239-170X

Haydar Göksu 0009-0007-8872-1812

Ahmet Türkmen 0009-0007-8872-1812

Elif Aydınlı 0000-0002-4823-344X

Publication Date October 23, 2024
Submission Date January 16, 2024
Acceptance Date April 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Ayvaz, Y., Göksu, H., Türkmen, A., Aydınlı, E. (2024). Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 12(4), 1849-1861. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1419873
AMA Ayvaz Y, Göksu H, Türkmen A, Aydınlı E. Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools. DÜBİTED. October 2024;12(4):1849-1861. doi:10.29130/dubited.1419873
Chicago Ayvaz, Yüsra, Haydar Göksu, Ahmet Türkmen, and Elif Aydınlı. “Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (October 2024): 1849-61. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1419873.
EndNote Ayvaz Y, Göksu H, Türkmen A, Aydınlı E (October 1, 2024) Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12 4 1849–1861.
IEEE Y. Ayvaz, H. Göksu, A. Türkmen, and E. Aydınlı, “Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools”, DÜBİTED, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1849–1861, 2024, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1419873.
ISNAD Ayvaz, Yüsra et al. “Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12/4 (October 2024), 1849-1861. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1419873.
JAMA Ayvaz Y, Göksu H, Türkmen A, Aydınlı E. Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools. DÜBİTED. 2024;12:1849–1861.
MLA Ayvaz, Yüsra et al. “Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 4, 2024, pp. 1849-61, doi:10.29130/dubited.1419873.
Vancouver Ayvaz Y, Göksu H, Türkmen A, Aydınlı E. Development of Multifunctional Tablet Formulation for Use In Swimming Pools. DÜBİTED. 2024;12(4):1849-61.