Tri-n-bütil Fosfat ve Aliquat 336 Kullanarak Otomotiv Katalizörlerinden Paladyum (II) ve Platin (IV)'in Çözücü Ekstraksiyonu ile Ayrılması ve Geri Kazanımı

Year 2024, , 2361 - 2369, 23.10.2024

Mustafa Akçil , Çağrı Eyüboğlu

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1508815

Abstract

Kullanılmış otomotiv katalizörlerinde bulunan metaller arasında çevresel olarak kritik ve ekonomik olarak faydalı olan Pt, Pd, Fe, Ni ve Cr bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, atık otomobil katalizörlerinden paladyum (Pd) ve platin (Pt) ayırmak ve geri kazanmak için çözücü ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada kullanılan sentetik liç likörü (mg/L olarak) şunları içermektedir: Pd-140, Pt-500, Ni-800, Fe-2000 ve Cr-155.Shellsol D70 içindeki tri-n-bütil fosfat (TBP) konsantrasyonunun 0.1'den 2 M'ye değişimi, en düşük ekstraktör konsantrasyonunda bile seçici ve nicel Pd ekstraksiyonunu ortaya koymuştur. Yüklü organik (LO) fazdan 1 M tiyourea ve 1 M HCl kullanılarak Pd'nin sıyrılması %99 sıyırma verimliliği sağlamıştır. Pd'siz rafinattan Pt'nin ekstraksiyonunda 0.05'ten 0.5 M'ye kadar konsantrasyonlarda Aliquat 336 kullanımı, 0.2 M'de %99.7'ye ulaşan seçici Pt ekstraksiyonunu göstermiştir. 0.2 M Aliquat 336 kullanılarak yapılan bir McCabe-Thiele plotunun, 3 A/O faz oranı kullanıldığında iki aşamada %99'dan fazla Pt ekstraksiyonu ile sonuçlanması beklenmektedir. Yüklü organikten (LO) 0.5 M tiyourea (tu) ve HCl ile 6 O/A oranında Pt'nin sıyrılma verimliliği %99.9 olmuştur.

Keywords

Otomotiv Katalizörü, Shellsol D70, Aliquat 336

Separation and Recovery of Palladium (II) and Platinum (IV) from Automotive Catalysts by Solvent Extraction Using Tri-n-butyl Phosphate and Aliquat 336

Abstract

Pt, Pd, Fe, Ni, and Cr are among the metals found in spent automotive catalysts, which are both environmentally critical and economically beneficial. In this study, solvent extraction methods were utilized to separate and recover palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) from wasted car catalyst. The synthetic leach liquor employed in this investigation contains (mg/L): Pd-140, Pt-500, Ni-800, Fe-2000 and Cr-150. The variation of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in Shellsol D70 from 0.1 to 2 M revealed selective and quantitative Pd extraction even at the lowest extractant concentration. Stripping Pd from loaded organic (LO) phase using 1 M thiourea and 1 M HCl yielded stripping efficiency of 99%. The use of Aliquat 336 at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5M in the extraction of Pt from Pd free raffinate demonstrated selective extraction of Pt, reaching 99.7% at 0.2M. The use of a McCabe-Thiele plot in 0.2M Aliquat 336 is expected to result in the extraction of more than 99% of Pt in two stages when an A/O phase ratio of 3 is used. The stripping efficiency of Pt from loaded organic (LO) at O/A ratio 6 with 0.5 M thiourea (tu) and HCl was 99.9 percent.

Keywords

Automotive Catalyst, Shellsol D70, Aliquat 336

References

• [1] J. Cooper and J. Beecham, "A study of platinum group metals in three-way autocatalysts," Platinum Metals Review, vol. 57, pp. 281–288, 2013.
• [2] C. Hagelüken, "Recycling the platinum group metals: A European perspective," Platinum Metals Review, vol. 56, pp. 29–35, 2012.
• [3] D. Bourgeois, V. Lacanau, R. Mastretta, C. Contino-Pépin, and D. Meyer, "A simple process for the recovery of palladium from wastes of printed circuit boards," Hydrometallurgy, vol. 191, article 105241, 2020.
• [4] K. M. N. Islam, J. Hildenbrand, and M. M. Hossain, "Life cycle impacts of three-way ceramic honeycomb catalytic converters in terms of disability adjusted life year," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 182, pp. 600–615, 2018.
• [5] M. A. Barakat and M. H. H. Mahmoud, "Recovery of platinum from spent catalyst," Hydrometallurgy, vol. 72, pp. 179–184, 2004.
• [6] I. K. Kalavrouziotis and P. H. Koukoulakis, "The environmental impact of the platinum group elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) emitted by automobile catalyst converters," Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol. 196, no. 1, p. 393, 2009.
• [7] M. L. Firmansyah, F. Kubota, and M. Goto, "Selective recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts by leaching and solvent extraction," Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, vol. 52, pp. 835–842, 2019.
• [8] C. Saguru, S. Ndlovu, and D. Moropeng, "A review of recent studies into hydrometallurgical methods for recovering PGMs from used catalytic converters," Hydrometallurgy, vol. 182, pp. 44–56, 2018.
• [9] B. R. Reddy, B. Raju, J. Y. Lee, and H. K. Park, "Process for the separation and recovery of palladium and platinum from spent automobile catalyst leach liquor using LIX 84I and Alamine 336," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 180, pp. 253–258, 2010.
• [10] J. S. Preston and A. C. du Preez, "Solvent extraction of platinum-group metals from hydrochloric acid solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides," Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, vol. 20, pp. 359–374, 2002.
• [11] D. Yang, Q. Yang, W. Ma, X. Ma, S. Wang, and Y. Lei, "Characteristics of spent automotive catalytic converters and their effects on recycling platinum-group metals and rare-earth elements," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 308, article 122977, 2023.
• [12] Y. Ueda, S. Morisada, H. Kawakita, and K. Ohto, "High extraction ability and selectivity of a tripodal pivalamide derivative for Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions," Separation Science and Technology, vol. 51, pp. 2700–2707, 2016.
• [13] J. Y. Lee, B. Raju, B. N. Kumar, J. R. Kumar, H. K. Park, and B. R. Reddy, "Solvent extraction separation and recovery of palladium and platinum from chloride leach liquors of spent automobile catalyst," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 213–218, 2010.
• [14] M. Yamada, T. Ohira, N. Watanabe, H. Katagiri, A. Shibayama, and F. Hamada, "Recovery of Pd(II) by solvent extraction with a dithiophenol-based extractant from the undiluted leachate of spent automotive catalysts followed by water scrubbing and thiourea stripping," Hydrometallurgy, vol. 215, article 105986, 2023.