THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES

Ömer Şen; Musa Yıldırım

doi:10.29130/dubited.1542336

EN TR

THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES

Abstract

In this study, the effect of the amount of graphene added to aramid fiber/epoxy composites on the mechanical properties of these composites was investigated. In the study, graphene nanoparticles were added to the epoxy matrix at four different rates and mixed by mechanical methods, and then 5-layer aramid epoxy graphene composite plates were obtained using hand lay-up and vacuum infusion methods. Samples were cut from these composite plates according to ASTM 790 for bending test and ASTM D3039 for tensile test and three-point bending and tensile tests were performed. Microstructure examinations were carried out under a macro microscope. After the studies, it was observed that agglomeration occurred in the microstructures of the produced composites. It was determined that graphene added to the aramid epoxy composite increased the bending strength and bending modulus, the highest bending stress was observed in the samples with 1% graphene added. The flexural strength, which compared to the undoped composite, increased about 64 % in this sample. In addition, the highest tensile strength was measured in the undoped sample, and after the 0.25% graphene addition, the tensile strength decreased due to the agglomeration of graphene that occurred in the structure.

Keywords

Graphene nanoparticles, Mechanical properties, Aramid fibers, Epoxy composites

Supporting Institution

The authors are thanks to the financial support for this study from Karabuk University Scientific Research Projects Department (KBÜBAP 21-YL-010)

Project Number

KBÜBAP-21-YL-010

Grafen Nanopartiküllerinin Dokuma Aramid/Epoksi Kompozitlerinin Mekanik Özelliklerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada aramid fiber /epoksi kompozitlere ilave edilen grafen miktarının bu kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada epoksi matris içerisine dört farklı oranda grafen nanopartiküller ilave edilerek mekanik yöntemle karıştırıldıktan sonra el yatırma ve vakum infüzyon yöntemleri kullanılarak 5 katlı aramid epoksi grafen kompozit plakalar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu kompozit plakalardan eğme testi için ASTM 790 ve çekme testi için ASTM D3039 standartlara göre numuneler kesilerek üç nokta eğme ve çekme testleri yapılmıştır. Mikro yapı incelemeleri makro mikroskop altında yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonrasında üretilen kompozitlerin mikro yapılarında aglomerasyonun oluştuğu gözlemlenmiştir. Aramid epoksi kompozite ilave edilen grafenin eğilme dayanımı ve eğilme modülünü arttırdığı %1 grafen ilave edilen numunelerde en yüksek eğilme gerilmesi gözlenmiştir. Katkısız numunelere göre bu numunede eğilme mukavemeti yaklaşık %64 oranında artmıştır. Ayrıca çekme testleri sonrasında en yüksek çekme dayanımının katkısız numunelerde olduğu, %0.25 den daha fazla grafen ilave edilen numunelerde ise grafenin yapıda oluşturduğu aglomerasyona bağlı olarak çekme dayanımının düştüğü tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Grafen nanopartikülleri, Mekanik özellikler, Aramid lifler, Epoksi kompozitler

Project Number

KBÜBAP-21-YL-010

References

[1] I. Taraghi, A. Fereidoon, and A. Mohyeddin, “The effect of Mwcnts on the mechanical properties of woven kevlar/epoxy composites,” Steel and Composite Structures, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 825-834, 2014. doi:10.12989/scs.2014.17.6.825.
[2] S.A. Mirsalehi, A.-A. Youzbashi, and A. Sazgar, “Enhancement of out-of-plane mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite by incorporating the multi-walled carbon nanotubes,” SN Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1-12, 2021. doi:10.1007/s42452-021-04624-2.
[3] T. Topkaya, Y.H. Çelik, and E. Kilickap, “Mechanical properties of fiber/graphene epoxy hybrid composites,” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 4589-4595, 2020. doi:10.1007/s12206-020-1016-4.
[4] T.P. Sathishkumar, S. Satheeshkumar, and J. Naveen, “Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites–A review,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 33, no. 13, pp. 1258-1275, 2014. doi:10.1177/0731684414530790.
[5] T.K. Das, P. Ghosh, and N.-C. Das, “Preparation, development, outcomes, and application versatility of carbon fiber-based polymer composites: A review,” Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 214-233, 2019. doi:10.1007/s42114-018-0072-z.
[6] B. Zhang, L. Jia, M. Tian, N. Ning, L. Zhang, and W. Wang, “Surface and interface modification of aramid fiber and its reinforcement for polymer composites: A review,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 147, p. 110352, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110352.
[7] G. Mittal, K.Y. Rhee, V. Mišković-Stanković, and D. Hui, “Reinforcements in multi-scale polymer composites: Processing, properties, and applications,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 138, pp. 122-139, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.11.028.
[8] S. Prashanth, K.M. Subbaya, K. Nithin, and S. Sachhidananda, “Fiber Reinforced Composites A review,” Journal of Material Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2-6, 2017. doi:10.4172/2169-0022.1000341.
[9] Y. Wu, B. Tang, K. Liu, X. Zeng, J. Lu, T. Zhang, and X. Shen, “Enhanced flexural properties of aramid fiber/epoxy composites by graphene oxide,” Nanotechnology Reviews, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 484-492, 2019. doi:10.1515/ntrev-2019-0043.
[10] S. Kumar, D.S. Gupta, I. Singh, and A. Sharma, “Behavior of kevlar/epoxy composite plates under ballistic impact,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 29, no. 13, pp. 2048-2064, 2010. doi:10.1177/0731684409343727.

[11] M.E. Islam, T.H. Mahdi, M.V. Hosur, and S. Jeelani, “Characterization of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites modified with nanoclay and carbon nanotubes,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 105, pp. 821-828, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.078.
[12] M.S. Tareq, S. Zainuddin, E. Woodside, and F. Syed, “Investigation of the flexural and thermomechanical properties of nanoclay/graphene reinforced carbon fiber epoxy composites,” Journal of Materials Research, vol. 34, no. 21, pp. 3678-3687, 2019. doi:10.1557/jmr.2019.302.
[13] A.H.I. Mourad, N. Cherupurakal, F. Hafeez, I. Barsoum, F.A. Genena, M.S. Al Mansoori, and L.-A. Al Marzooqi, “Impact strengthening of laminated kevlar/epoxy composites by nanoparticle reinforcement,” Polymers, vol. 12, no. 12, p. 2814, 2020. doi:10.3390/polym12122814.
[14] S. Sharma, A.K. Pathak, V.N. Singh, S. Teotia, S.R. Dhakate, and B.P. Singh, “Excellent mechanical properties of long multiwalled carbon nanotube bridged kevlar fabric,” Carbon, vol. 137, pp. 104-117, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.05.017.
[15] V.G.S. Veerakumar, B.P. Shanmugavel, and S. Harish, “On the influence of the functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets and glass fiber on the mechanical properties of GFRP composites,” Applied Composite Materials, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1127-1152, 2021. doi:10.1007/s10443-021-09908-9.
[16] A. Namdev, A. Telang, and R. Purohit, “Effect of graphene nano platelets on mechanical and physical properties of carbon fibre/epoxy hybrid composites,” Advanced Materials and Processing Technologies, vol. 8, pp. 1168-1181, 2022. doi:10.1080/2374068X.2021.1939557.
[17] A. Kumar, K. Sharma, and A.R. Dixit, “Effects of various functional groups in graphene on the tensile and flexural properties of epoxy nanocomposites: A comparative study,” Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1123-1133,2022. doi:10.1080/1536383X.2022.2077332.
[18] A.F. Ávila, L.D.O. Peixoto, A. S. Neto, J.D. Ávila Junior, and M.G.R. Carvalho, “Bending investigation on carbon fiber/epoxy composites nano-modified by graphene,” Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 34, pp. 269-275, 2012.
[19] M. Alsaadi, B. Younus, A. Erklig, M. Bulut, O. Bozkurt, and B. Sulaiman, “Effect of Graphene Nano-Platelets on Mechanical and Impact Characteristics of Carbon/Kevlar Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, vol. 235, no. 23, pp. 7139-7151, 2012. doi:10.1177/09544062211016883.
[20] S. Fu, Z. Sun, P. Huang, Y. Li, and N. Hu, “Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: A critical review,” Nano Materials Science, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 2-30, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.nanoms.02.006.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Material Design and Behaviors

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ömer Şen
0000-0001-6164-4123
Türkiye

Musa Yıldırım ^*
0000-0002-2464-1182
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 30, 2025

Submission Date

September 2, 2024

Acceptance Date

October 31, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 13 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1542336

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA66XT24KG

APA

Şen, Ö., & Yıldırım, M. (2025). THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 13(1), 402-411. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1542336

AMA

1.Şen Ö, Yıldırım M. THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES. DUBİTED. 2025;13(1):402-411. doi:10.29130/dubited.1542336

Chicago

Şen, Ömer, and Musa Yıldırım. 2025. “THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID EPOXY COMPOSITES”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13 (1): 402-11. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1542336.

EndNote

Şen Ö, Yıldırım M (January 1, 2025) THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13 1 402–411.

IEEE

[1]Ö. Şen and M. Yıldırım, “THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES”, DUBİTED, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 402–411, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1542336.

ISNAD

Şen, Ömer - Yıldırım, Musa. “THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID EPOXY COMPOSITES”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13/1 (January 1, 2025): 402-411. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1542336.

JAMA

1.Şen Ö, Yıldırım M. THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES. DUBİTED. 2025;13:402–411.

MLA

Şen, Ömer, and Musa Yıldırım. “THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID EPOXY COMPOSITES”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 1, Jan. 2025, pp. 402-11, doi:10.29130/dubited.1542336.

Vancouver

1.Ömer Şen, Musa Yıldırım. THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES. DUBİTED. 2025 Jan. 1;13(1):402-11. doi:10.29130/dubited.1542336

THE EFFECT OF GRAPHENE NANOPARTICLES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN ARAMID/EPOXY COMPOSITES

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Grafen Nanopartiküllerinin Dokuma Aramid/Epoksi Kompozitlerinin Mekanik Özelliklerine Etkisi

Abstract

Keywords

Project Number

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite